357901666-Industrial-Hygiene.ppt industry safety

Industrial hygiene

1. Industrial hygiene

2. What is industrial hygiene ?

3. Industrial hygiene is… The science or art devoted to the anticipation , recognition , evaluation and control of those environmental factors or stresses, arising in or from the workplace, that may cause sickness, impaired health and well-being, or significant discomfort and inefficiency among workers

4. Industrial Hygiene includes…  Investigating and assessing the workplace for hazards and potential dangers to health and safety.  Making recommendations to improve the safety of workers and the surrounding community.  Training and educating workers about job-related risks.  Ensuring compliance with federal, state, and local laws.

5. The beginnings of industrial hygiene

6. History of industrial hygiene Circa 400 BC Lead toxicity in mining (Hippocrates) 500 years later Pliny the Elder, a Roman scholar Zinc and sulfur hazards Protective mask

7. History of industrial hygiene (cont.) 2nd Century AD Galen Copper miners exposure to acid mists 1473 Ulrich Ellenbog Publication on occupational illness in gold miners

8. History of industrial hygiene (cont.) 1556 Agricola, German scholar Diseases of coal miners Preventive measures Publication - De Re Metallica

9. History of industrial hygiene (cont.) 1700’s Bernardino Ramazzini Father of industrial hygiene Published De Morbis Artificum Diatriba (The Diseases of Workmen) Asserted that occupational diseases should be studied in the work environment rather than in hospital wards

10. The Industrial revolution from the late 1700s through to the late 1800s led to increased urbanisation and industrialisation. Picture of Manchester UK.

11. History of industrial hygiene (cont.) 1858 John Stenhouse Introduces a charcoal impregnated mask to control exposure to gases and vapours.

12. In 1889, exposure limits are set for humidity and carbon dioxide in cotton mills in the UK.

13. History of industrial hygiene (cont.) 1890s Haldane undertakes work on the toxicity of Carbon Monoxide by exposing rats mice and even himself to varying concentrations within an “exposure chamber ”

14. History of industrial hygiene (cont.) 1910 Alice Hamilton worked in the US as the first Industrial toxicologist pioneering the field of toxicology and occupational hygiene .

15. History of industrial hygiene (cont.) 1920s-30s Industrial hygiene develops and grows in the USA in both the Public Health Service (PHS) and large private companies. 1938/1939 The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygiene (ACGIH) and the American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA) were formed.

16. History of industrial hygiene (cont.) 1953 British Occupational Hygiene Society (BOHS) founded. Society starts publishing Annals of Occupational Hygiene in 1958. 1960s Occupational Safety and Health Act in the USA and the Health and Safety at Work Act in the UK lay the path for Risk Assessment / performance based legislation.

17. History of industrial hygiene (cont.) 1970s Occupational Safety and Health Act in the USA and the Health and Safety at Work Act in the UK lay the path for Risk Assessment/performance based legislation. 1980/90s The practice of occupational hygiene grows widely in the USA, UK, The Netherlands and Australia with legislation in these countries being introduced specifically to focus on chemical and physical hazards .

18. 2000s The societies of 25 different countries are members of the International Occupational Hygiene Association (IOHA). Industrialisation in countries such as China and India increase the need for Occupational hygiene. The development of modelling techniques for assessing exposure. History of industrial hygiene (cont.)

19. TERMINOLOGIES

20. Terminologies International Occupational Hygiene Association (IOHA) Promotes and develops occupational hygiene throughout the world, at a high level of professional competence, through means that include the exchange of information among organizations and individuals, the further development of human resources and the promotion of a high standard of ethical practice

21. Terminologies Certified Industrial Hygienist (CIH) A professional industrial hygienist who by education, experience, and demonstration of knowledge has satisfied the requirements of the American Board of Industrial Hygiene and ahs been designated a CIH in either the comprehensive practice or chemical aspects of the profession.

22. Terminologies Qualified Industrial Hygienist ( QIH) Individuals by virtue of adequate experience, training, education , board certification or a combination of these factors are competent to provide industrial hygiene related services

23. Terminologies Workplace hazard Any condition that may adversely affect the well-being or health of exposed persons Risk assessment A methodology that aims at characterizing the types of health effects expected as a result of a certain exposure to a given agent, as well as providing estimates on the probability of occurrence of these health effects, at different levels of exposure

24. Terminologies Occupational hygiene technician A person competent to carry out measurements of the work environment but not to make the interpretations, judgements, and recommendations required from an occupational hygienist Exposure Assessment Determination or estimation (qualitative or quantitative) of the magnitude, frequency, duration, and route of exposure

25. Basic principles of industrial hygiene

26. 1. Anticipation This involves identifying potential hazards in the workplace before they are introduced .

27. Anticipation Reviewing all new chemicals and processes (including significant modifications of processes) in advance of their use Performing either a quantitative or qualitative assessment annually (or a combination of the two) of processes and procedures Using control banding, a best practice where there is limited information or technical resources available Actively integrating industrial hygiene practices and procedures into other related business processes

28. 2. Recognition This involves identifying the potential hazard that a chemical, physical or biological agent - or an adverse ergonomic situation - poses to health .

29. What are the Industrial Hygiene hazards ?

30. Arises from excessive airborne concentration of: Acids/Mists Gases Solvents/Vapors Dusts/Particulates Heavy Metals/Fumes Chemical hazards

31. Physical hazards Excessive noise Inadequate Illumination Extreme temperature Extreme pressure Vibration Radiation Inadequate ventilation

32. Biological hazards Bacteria Virus Fungi Molds Microorganisms

33. Ergonomic hazards I mproperly designed tools or work areas Improper lifting or reaching Poor visual conditions Repeated motion in awkward position

34. 3. Evaluation This often involves measurement of the personal exposure of a worker to the hazard/agent in the workplace, particularly at the relevant interface between the environment and the body, e.g. breathing zone, hearing zone, and assessment of the data in terms of recommended occupational exposure limits (OELs), where such criteria exist .

35. Evaluation Qualitative evaluations are done by smelling, seeing, hearing, and by noticing body signs and symptoms (e.g. rash, headaches, nausea, etc.) Quantitative evaluations are done by taking physical measurements in the workplace. This typically includes sampling a specific contaminant in the air that the worker is breathing using air monitoring instruments or measuring noise and radiation levels using noise dosimeters and radiation meters. Quantitative evaluations are more specific because an actual measurement of the hazard is performed.

36. 4. Control This often involves control of the chemical, physical or biological agent - or adverse ergonomic situation, by procedural, engineering or other means where the evaluation indicates that this is necessary. We control our exposure to hazardous materials by using the Hierarchy of Controls .

37. HOW CAN industrial hygiene KEEP US SAFE?

38. The goals of occupational hygiene include the protection and promotion of workers’ health , the protection of the environment and contribution to a safe and sustainable development . Industrial hygienists are considered to be workplace detectives because they find and then fix the health and safety problems of workers of all ages in a variety of occupational and environmental settings.

39. Indispensable activities such as food production, extraction of raw materials, manufacturing of goods, energy production and services involve processes, operations and materials which can create hazards to the health of workers and those in nearby communities, as well as to the general environment.

40. Preventive action should start much earlier, not only before the manifestation of any health impairment but even before exposure actually occurs. The work environment should be under continuous surveillance so that hazardous agents and factors can be detected and removed, or controlled, before they cause any ill effects; this is the role of occupational hygiene.

41. In conclusion, occupational hygiene contributes to a safe and sustainable development, that is to ensure that development meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of the future generations to meet their own needs. Meeting the needs of the present world population without depleting or damaging the global resource base , and without causing adverse health and environmental consequences , requires knowledge and means to influence action.