10 Schools of Thought
S.No.School of Thought Process
1 The Design School strategy formation as a process of Conception
2 The Planning School strategy formation as a formal process
3 The Positioning Schoolstrategy formation as an analytical process
4 The EntrepreneurialSchoolstrategy formation as a visionary process
5 The Cognitive Schoolstrategy formation as a mental process
6 The LearningSchool strategy formation as an emergent process
7 The Power School strategy formation as a process of negotiation
8 The Cultural School strategy formation as a collective process
9 The Environmental Schoolstrategy formation as a reactive process
10 The Configuration Schoolstrategy formation as a process of transformation
What is Strategy
5Ps of Strategy
•Strategy as a Plan (intended)
•Strategy as a Pattern (realized)
Intended Strategy Emergent Strategy Realized Strategy
David McConnell aspired to
be a writer. When his
books weren’t selling he
decided to give out
perfume as a gimmick.
The perfumes McConnell
gave out with his books
were popular, inspiring the
foundation of the
California Perfume
Company.
The company changed its
name to Avon in 1939, and
its direct marketing system
remained popular for
decades. Avon is now
available online and in
retail outlets worldwide.
•StrategyasPosition
Strategy as Perspective
Strategy as Ploy
•specific "maneuver" intended to outwit an
opponent or competitor