3B Sacred Texts in Islam ISRA (The Hadith)

3B Sacred Texts in Islam ISRA (The Hadith)

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a) Structure, Revelation
b) Collection and Preservation
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2. Hadith
a) Reason for Hadith
b) Compilation
c) Examining Hadith extracts
d) Sunni-Shiite Differences

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In this topic, students will,
Specific for SoRand SaC
P4 examine significant aspects of religious traditions
P5 describe the influence of religious traditions in the life of adherents
P8 use appropriate terminology related to religion and belief systems

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?The Prophet Muhammad
is a guide for Muslims in
all aspects of Life
?Leader
?Father
?Husband
?Friend
?Teacher
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?There needed to be an
educational system

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?Collection of recorded
sayings of the Prophet
Muhammad
?Second source of
guidance for Muslims
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?System for educating
Muslims during his
time and after

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?Prophet Muhammad followed a
deliberate educational strategy
to propagate Islam and to
preserve it.
?Recording all matters in writing.
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?Administrative matters of the state
were put in writing. Census, treaties,
conscription lists, diplomatic letters
etc. were all preserved in writing.
?The Prophet (pbuh) had a
professional scribe, Abdullah bin-
Arkam, who would respond to
diplomatic letters from rulers in the
surrounding lands.

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?Next to the mosque in Medina, the
Prophet established a simple boarding
school or academy called Suffa.
?The Prophet himself looked after the
education and needs of students.
?He appointed teachers to take care of
newer students.
?More than 400 people graduated from
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lifetime.
?The Prophet also actively worked to
make sure a mosque was built in every
small or large settlement.
?In his lifetime, these numbered as
many as 40.

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?There are reports of a common
house that functioned as a night
tutorial centre.
?There were small suburban schools
called kuttabwhere appointed
teachers educated children on
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?The Prophet also tutored and
developed highly intelligent
individuals who later became the
leading scholars among the
companions of the
?Prophet, including Muaz bin Jabal,
Ali bin Abu Talib, Abdullah ibn
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?Every opportunity to
increase literacy among
people was utilisedto
its fullest extent.
?Eg, prisoners of war
from the battle of Badr
were set free without
compensation if any
taught ten people to
read and write.

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?Four phases
?Identification
?Collection
?Classification
?Refinement

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Abu Hurayra5375. He
dedicated his life to collecting and
narrating hadith. He followed the
Prophet (pbuh) nearly
everywhere.
Abdullah ibn Omar 2630. He
was a student in the Suffa
academy.
Anas ibn Malik 2286. He was a
servant and a student of the
Prophet (pbuh) for ten years.
Aisha 2210. She was a scholarly
wife of the Prophet (pbuh).
Abdullah ibn Abbas 1660. He
was known as the scholar of
Muslims. He mastered all religious
and literary sciences.

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?If a companion heard a hadith
narrated by someone and did
not hear it before, he or she
investigated it and asked for a
witness.
?Companions and others who
followed them in their footsteps
travelled great distances,
?to personally check the
accuracy of a narration,
?to get to know a narrator or
?to reduce the number of
people on the chain of
reference of a hadith.

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?A person was only allowed
to narrate once he or she
demonstrated his or herm
mastery by reciting from
memory all hadith learnt
from his hadith master.
?If found to be satisfactory,
gave the narrator a
certificate authorisingthat
person to narrate hadith
to others. (This is called
isnadsystem.)

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?Caliph Omar bin Abdulaziz(d.
721), 90 years after the Prophet
(pbuh), initiated a state-
sponsored collection of hadith
from all over the Muslim world
into one centre.
?He feared that unless hadith were
recorded firmly in books they
could be lost forever with the
death of great hadith masters.
?Hadith scholars in the capital
Medina, led by the famous hadith
master Zuhri, collected all
available hadith narrations into
volumes.

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?With the pool of hadith available in
writing, more work was required to
make it easier to utilise the vast pool of
narratives in teaching and Islamic law.
This was done in:
?Authenticating hadith in a critical
analysis
?Categorising hadith under subject
matters
?Hadith authentication considered two
main aspects of narratives:
?Content (matn)
?Reference (isnad)
??PDP0DOLNVMuwatta, was the first
hadith collection that
?included authenticated hadith
categorised in subject matters.

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?The narrator has to be a Muslim.
?The narrator has to be a mature
and intelligent person.
?The narrator has to be known for
his/her absolute truthfulness.
?The narrator has to be famous, that
is; at least two qualified narrators
must have received narrations from
him/her.
?His/her life and qualifications has to
be known.
?The narrator has to be an honest
and objective person and not hide
any shortcomings in narrations.

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?The narrator has to practice the
religion better than ordinary
Muslims.
?The narrator has to have firm faith
without having extreme views
about essentials of faith.
?The narrator has to be good in
keeping his written records and
memorisednarrations.
?There has to be no brake in the
chain of narrators.
?The narration (hadith) should not
be in conflict with verses from
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narrations.

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?Summarises the three
aspects of Islam
?Islam Practice
?5 Pillars (Expression of
Faith)
?Iman Belief
?6 Articles of Faith
(Principles of Belief)
?Ihsan -Excellence
Umar ibn al-Khattab reported: We were sitting with the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings
be upon him, one day when a man appeared with very white clothes and very black hair. There
were no signs of travel on him and we did not recognize him. He sat down in front of the Prophet
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Muhammad, tell me about Islam.
The Prophet said, Islam is to testify there is no God but Allah
and Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah, to establish
prayer, to give charity, to fast the month of Ramadan, and to
perform pilgrimage to the House if a way is possible.
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7KH3URSKHWVDLGFaith is to believe in Allah, his angels, his
books, his messengers, the Last Day, and to believe in
providence, its good and its evil.
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7KH3URSKHWVDLGExcellence is to worship Allah as if you see
him, for if you do not see him, he surely sees you.
7KH3URSKHWVDLGWRPHO Umar, do you know who he was??VDLG$OODKDQGKLV
PHVVHQJHUNQRZEHVW7KH3URSKHWVDLGVerily, he was Gabriel who came to
teach you your religion.
Sahih Muslim 8

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?Different criteria for
selecting Hadith
?Many common Hadith
between the two
?Different collections
?Al-Kafi
?TahdibAl Ahkam
?Al-Ibstibsar
?Man la Yadhurual-
Faqih

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?Direct word of God
?Contains guidance for
Muslims
?Carefully collected for
its authenticity to be
preserved
?Preservation
mechanisms still exist
to this day
?Narrations of the
Prophet Muhammad
(pbuh)
?From multiple sources
?Practical guidance for
Muslims
?Carefully collected
and preserved
mechanisms still exist

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used by Muslims.
?It is believed to be the direct word of
God.
?Great care has been taken to preserve
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through the angel Gabriel to Prophet
Muhammad (pbuh).
?The hadith are the collections of
recorded sayings of Prophet
Muhammad (pbuh).
?These are the second source of
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?Strict criteria were implemented to
collect and record the hadith.

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