3d printing in pharmaceuticals

3d printing in pharmaceuticals

1. 3D PRINTING IN PHARMACEUTICAL NITHISH KUMARAN G.K M.PHARM,1stYR SRIHER

2. Introduction 3d printing History Working of 3d printer 3d printing in pharmaceutical 3d printing innovations Types of 3d printer 3d bio printing Process of bio printing Advantages Disadvantages Conclusion Contents:

3. Three-dimensional space is a geometric setting in which three values are required to determine the position of an element. This is the informal meaning of the term dimension What is 3d?

4. The 3D printing technology are also known as additive manufacturing process. 3D printing or additive manufacturing is a process of making three dimensional solid objects from a digital file. The creation of a 3D printed object is achieved using additive processes. In an additive process an object is created by laying down successive layers of material until the entire object is created . 3d printing

5. Spare parts Decorative Automobile 3D printed materials

6. The first 3D printer, which used the stereolithography technique, was created by chuck. Hull in the mid-1980s Inventor of 3d printer

7. 1980: First patent by japanese Dr Kodama to Rapid prototyping 1983: charles hull invents first stereolithograpy apparatus 1986: charles hull is granted the first patent in 3d printing of SLA Machine 1988: First SLA-1 machine for commerical 1990s: Emergence of the Main 3D Printers Manufacturers & CAD tools

8. PROCESS It all starts with making a virtual design of the object you want to create. This virtual design is for instance a CAD (Computer Aided Design) file. This CAD file is created using a 3D modeling application or with a 3D scanner (to copy an existing object). A 3D scanner can make a 3D digital copy of an object. How 3d printers works?

9. software for 3d printing

10. A 3D model is prepared before it is ready to be 3D printed. This is what they call slicing. Slicing is dividing a 3D model into hundreds or thousands of horizontal layers and needs to be done with software. When the 3D model is sliced, you are ready to feed it to your 3D printer. 3D MODEL TO 3D PRINTER

11. 3D printing technology is a new chapter in pharmaceutical manufacturing and has gained vast interest in the recent past as it offers significant advantages over traditional pharmaceutical processes. Advances in technologies can lead to the design of suitable 3D printing device capable of producing formulations with intended drug release . The application of 3D printers is one of the most revolutionary and powerful tool for customization and personalization of pharmaceutical formulations. 3D printers have many advantages over the conventional manufacturing technologies for tablets 3D printing in pharmaceutical

12. PERSONALIZED DRUG DOSING 3D printing could add a whole new dimension of possibilities to personalized medicine. In its most simplistic form, the idea of experts and researchers is to produce personalized 3D printed oral tablets. doctor or a pharmacist would be able to use each patient’s individual information such as age, race and gender to produce their optimal medication dose, rather than relying on a standard set of dosages. PERSONALIZED DRUG DOSING Current and Projected Uses

13. SPRITAM ZipDose ® Technology platform, a groundbreaking advance that uses three-dimensional printing to produce a porous formulation that rapidly disintegrates with a sip of liquid ZipDose Technology enables the delivery of a high drug load, up to 1,000 mg in a single dose. SPRITAM enhances the patient experience - administration of even the largest strengths of levetiracetam with just a sip of liquid. Aprecia developed its ZipDose Technology platform using the 3DP technology that originated at Massachusetts Institute of Technology The ZipDose technique is based on layer-by-layer powder bed fusion system. The first layer consists of the active pharmaceutical ingredient and excipients required for the matrix tablet. Subsequently, a binder liquid is deposited for perfect integration and aggregation between all of the successive and identical layers 3D PRINTING INNOVATIONS  

14. ZIP DOSE MECHANISM • First, a powder blend is deposited as a single layer. Then, an aqueous binding fluid is applied and interactions between the powder and liquid bind these materials together. • This process is repeated several times to produce solid, yet highly porous formulations, even at high dose loading.

15. Inkjet Printing Stereolithographic 3D Printing Selective Laser Sintering 3D Printing Powder Based 3D Printing Nozzle-Based Deposition Systems Fused Deposition Modelling 3D Printing Types of 3d printers :

16. Printing-based inkjet systems encompass two types of techniques: continuous inkjet printing (CIJ) and drop-on-demand (DOD) printing. In continuous inkjet printing, the liquid ink is directed through an orifice of 50-80 μm diameter creating a continuous ink flow. The liquid is caused to flow and break into drops at a specified speed and size at regular intervals using a piezoelectric crystal. These parameters are controlled by creating an electrostatic field. Thus, the droplets are charged and separated by “droplets of guard” to minimize the electrostatic repulsion between them. The electrostatic field created directs the charged droplets to the substrate Inkjet printing

17. Inkjet printing

18. Stereolithographic 3D Printing This technique involves the curing of photosensitive material/s (photo-polymerization) to produces a 3D object. Scanning a focused Ultraviolet (UV) laser over the top of a photo polymerizable liquid in a layer by layer fashion, SLA employs a digital mirroring device to initiate a chemical reaction in the photopolymer which causes the gelation of the exposed area. This process is repeated layer after layer to build the entire parts of the object. Stereolithographic 3D Printing

19. Stereolithographic 3D Printing

20. Nozzle-based deposition systems consist on the mixing of drugs and polymers and other solid elements prior to 3D printing. The mixture is passed through a nozzle that definitely originates, layer by layer, the three-dimensional product. There are two types of printings according to the type of material used: Fused Deposition Modeling, which uses melted components, and Pressure-Assisted Micro syringes, which does not require the use of melted materials Nozzle-Based Deposition Systems

21. Nozzle-Based Deposition Systems

22. This is the extruding a thermoplastic filament through high temperature nozzle into semi-solid fused state filament in layer by layer fashion. The object is formed by layers of melted or softened thermoplastic filament extruded from the printer’s head at specific directions as dictated by computer software. The material is heated to just above its softening point which is then extruded through a nozzle, and deposited layer by layer, solidifying in a second Fabrication Drug loading in the filament is usually achieved through incubation in organic solvents Fused Deposition Modelling 3D Printing

23. Fused Deposition Modelling 3D Printing

24. Bio printers work in almost the exact same way as 3D printers, with one key difference. Instead of delivering materials such as plastic, ceramic, metal or food, they deposit layers of biomaterial, that may include living cells, to build complex structures like blood vessels or skin tissue. • Well, every tissue in the body is naturally made up of different cell types. So the required cells (kidney cells, skin cells and so on) are taken from a patient and then cultivated until there are enough to create the ‘bio-ink’, which is loaded into the printer This is not always possible, so, for some tissues, adult stem cells—which can develop to form the cells required in different tissues—can be used. 3D bio-printing

25. https://vimeo.com/316848296 Process of bioprinting :

26. High drug loading ability when compared to conventional dosage forms Accurate and precise dosing of potent drugs which are administered at small doses Reduces cost of production due to lesser material wastage Suitable drug delivery for difficult to formulate active ingredients like poor water solubility, drugs with narrow therapeutic window Medication can be tailored to a patient in particular based on genetic variations, ethnic differences, age, gender and environment. In case of multi drug therapy with multiple dosing regimen, treatment can be customized to improve patient adherence. As immediate and controlled release layers can be incorporated due to the flexible design and manufacture of this dosage form, it helps in choosing the best therapeutic regime for an individual Avoids batch-to-batch variations seen in bulk manufacturing of conventional dosage forms (25). 3D printers occupy minimal space and are affordable. Manufacture of small batch is feasible and the process can be completed in a single run. Integration of Personalized Medicine with Healthcare Advantages of A 3d Printed Drug Delivery

27. CyberRisk : The proliferation of counterfeit medicines is perhaps the industry’s greatest concern with 3D printing. Printers are much more vulnerable to hackers than traditional manufacturing processes, and the incredibly short production time magnifies the risk of counterfeits. Safety and efficiency of 3D printers: The traditional way of mass-producing medicines is subject to intense supervision from authorised agencies such as FDA. This guarantees the company and the consumers that the products are manufactured carefully.  Limited use of Materials Post Processing Design Inaccuracies Cost and reliability of hardware Speed Limitations and Challenges of 3d Printing Dosage Forms

28. 3D printing has become a useful and potential tool for the pharmaceutical sector, leading to personalized medicine focused on the patients’ needs. 3D Printing technology is emerging as a new horizon for advanced drug delivery with built-in flexibility that is well suited for personalized/customized medication. 3D Printing technology will revolutionize the pharmaceutical manufacturing style and formulation techniques. the near future 3D printing approach will be utilized to fabricate and engineer various novel dosage forms. Although commercial production of such novel dosage forms is still challenging; developing personalized medication, optimized drug release from dosage form, compacting or avoiding drug-drug incompatibilities, protection of biomolecules during manufacture, construction of multiple drug dosage form and multiple release dosage forms will be taken to a new era through 3D printing technology Conclusion :

29. 1. Jose PA, GV PC. 3D printing of pharmaceuticals–a potential technology in developing personalized medicine. Asian journal of pharmaceutical research and development. 2018 Jul 10;6(3):46-54. 2.Jacob S, Nair AB, Patel V, Shah J. 3D Printing Technologies: Recent Development and Emerging Applications in Various Drug Delivery Systems. AAPS PharmSciTech . 2020 Aug;21(6):1-6. 3. Alhnan MA, Okwuosa TC, Sadia M, Wan KW, Ahmed W, Arafat B. Emergence of 3D printed dosage forms: opportunities and challenges. Pharmaceutical research. 2016 Aug;33(8):1817-32. Referance :