4.0. Agro Biodiversity.pptx

Agro biodiversity

1. By Dr.Thirunahari Ugandhar Asst Prof of Botany Govt. Degree College Mahabubabad-506101 (T.S.)

2. UNIT-I 1. Plant diversity and its scope: A, Genetic diversity, Species diversity, B. Plant diversity at the ecosystem level, C. Agro biodiversity and cultivated plant taxa , wild taxa . 2. Values and uses of Biodiversity: Ethical and aesthetic values, Precautionary Methodologies for valuation , Uses of plants, Uses of microbes.

3. Components of Agrobiodiversity : Genetic resources for food and agriculture: Plants Genetic resources for food and agriculture: Animals Genetic resources for food and agriculture: Microbial and Fungi

4. How Many Species are there on Earth and How Many in India. Since there are published records of all the species discovered and named, we know how many species in all have been recorded so far, but it is not easy to answer the question of how many species there are on earth. According to the IUCN (2004), the total number of plant and animal species described so far is slightly more than 1.5 million, but we have no clear idea of how many species are yet to be discovered and described. Estimates vary widely and many of them are only educated guesses. For many taxonomic groups, species inventories are more complete in temperate than in tropical countries. Considering that an overwhelmingly large proportion of the species waiting to be discovered are in the tropics, biologists make a statistical comparison of the temperate-tropical species richness of an exhaustively studied group of insects and extrapolate this ratio to other groups of animals and plants to come up with a gross estimate of the total number of species on earth. Some extreme estimates range from 20 to 50 million, but a more conservative and scientifically sound estimate made by Robert May places the global species diversity at about 7 million.

5. 1.Genetic resources for food and agriculture: Plants 2.Genetic resources for food and agriculture: Animals 3. Genetic resources for food and agriculture: Microbial and Fungi

6. Components of Agro biodiversity

7. Our Common Cultivated Plants India is one of the countries with great diversity of plants.  Many of these have been domesticated as crops of various kinds, fruit trees, ornamentals and also medicinal plants. They have different growth forms as trees, shrubs, herbs and climbers. In hills, coastal areas, swamps and deserts, plants are quite different. Many plants brought from other countries are planted in forestry prac­tices. They are called “exotic plants”. In wild habi­tats species diversity is much more than planta­tion, crop fields and village orchards.

8. Cereals: Barley, finger millet, maize, oats, pearl millet, sorghum, wheat, and buckwheat, grain amaranth ( pseudocereals ), etc. Grain Legumes: Chickpea, field pea, French bean, grass pea, soybean, etc. Vegetables : Cabbage, carrot, cauliflower, chayote, chilli , cowpea, Cucurbita spp., leafy amaranth, leafy brassica , muskmelon/ Cucumis spp., onion, potato, sweet potato, tomato, etc. Fruits and Nuts: Apple, apricot, cherry, custard apple, grapes, guava, litchi, macadamia nut, papaya, peach, pear, pomegranate, sapota , etc. Oilseeds : Castor, groundnut, niger , rai , rapeseed, safflower, sesame, sunflower, etc. Fibre crops: Cotton, marida hemp, ramie, tossa jute, etc.

9. Forage/fodder crops: Alfalfa, barseem , buffalo grass, Cango grass, clover, Gamba grass, Guniea grass, salt bush, Setaria grass, Sudan grass, Tiosinte , etc. Spices/condiments: Aniseed, celery, clove, coriander, cumin, fennel, nutmeg, tamarind, vanilla, etc. Plantation crops Cashew nut, cocoa, coffee, oil palm, etc. Medicinal plants: Aloe barbadensis , anise, Atropa spp., Digitalis spp. ( tilpushpi ), Hyoscyamus spp., Liquorice , mentha , opium poppy, periwinkle, psyllium or isabgol , rose geranium, senna , Solanumviarum , etc.

10. Ornamental: Antirrhinum, Aster, Bougainvillea spp., Cactus spp., Calendula, Celosia, Chrysanthemum spp., Columnea , Cyclamen, Dahalia , Delphinium, Dianthus spp., Freesia, Gladiolus spp., Lilium spp., ornamental palms, Tagetes , Zinnia, etc. Agroforestry : Acacia spp., Alstoniavenenata , Australian red cedar, Delonixregia , Eucalyptus spp., Populus spp., etc. Others Cassava, guayule, hops, jojoba, mulberry, stevia , sugarbeet , tobacco, vilayati babul, etc.