4.1 INFECTIOUS AND NON-INFECTIOUS DISEASES

For education purposes only

1. 4.1 INFECTIOUS AND NON-INFECTIOUS DISEASES CIKGU JELLY

2. WHAT IS DISEASE? CIKGU JELLY An abnormal condition of body or mind that cause discomfort, difficulty to function or stress to an individual

3. INFECTIOUS DISEASE CIKGU JELLY Can be transmitted to other people Caused by infection of pathogens directly through mediums and vector Example: flu, ringworm, covid19

4. NON-INFECTIOUS DISEASE CIKGU JELLY Caused by genetic factor or lifestyle Cannot be transmitted to other people Example: asthma, cancer, diabetes

5. HOW INFECTIOUS DISEASE SPREAD CIKGU JELLY Spread by pathogens transmitted from an infected person (HOST) Vectors & mediums: water, air and contact Host is a victim who is weak and easily infected

6. AIRBORNE DISEASE CIKGU JELLY Droplet transmission Dust transmission Bacteria in the spit(SALIVA) dry up and form spores which can spread together with the dust in the air Pathogen-Containing droplet sprays from the mouth and nose through sneezing, coughing, or breathing

7. HOW TO PREVENT AIRBORNE DISEASE CIKGU JELLY Use face mask Cover the mouth and nose when sneezing, coughing and yawning Do not spit everywhere Avoid being in a crowded place Example of disease that can spread through air: Covid19, flu, chicken pox, Influenza A (H1N1), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)

8. WATERBORNE DISEASE CIKGU JELLY Happen in areas with inadequate water supply and poor sanitation A person can infected by pathogen when he/she drinks contaminated water Example: Someone uses toilet over a river, faecal pathogens enter the river and pollute the river

9. HOW TO PREVENT WATERBORNE DISEASE CIKGU JELLY Add chlorine into swimming pools and water supply systems Build toilets with good sanitation Boil drinking water properly Wash hands with soap after using toilet

10. INFECTIONS OF DISEASES THROUGH CONTACT CIKGU JELLY Ringworm & Tinea-caused by fungi; Touching the infected skin and sharing clothes with infected person can caused the infections occur Syphilis & gonorrhoea-spread through sexual intercourse; pathogens are present in body fluids such as semen and vaginal fluid AIDS/HIV-transmitted through sexual intercourse, blood as well as exposure to sharing among patients and drug addicts

11. INFECTIONS OF DISEASE THROUGH VECTOR CIKGU JELLY Some pathogens are transmitted from another host to another new host through animals Animals that transmit these pathogens called vectors DISEASE PATHOGEN VECTORS SYMPTOMS WAY OF INFECTION Malaria Plasmodium malariae Female Anopheles Mosquito Shivering, fever, sweating Mosquito bite Cholera Vibrio cholerae bacteria fly Diarrhea and vomiting Contaminated food and water Dengue Virus Aedes Mosquito Joint pain, fever, headache and watery eyes Mosquito bite Zika virus Aedes Mosquito Fever, rashes, joint pain and conjunctivitis Mosquito bite Typhoid Salmonella typhi bacteria Cockroach, fly Fever, intestinal bleeding and red rashes Contaminated food and water Leptospirosis Leptospira sp. bacteria rat Fever, headache and muscle pain Contaminated soil, food and water

12. HOW DO VECTORS SPREAD VIRUS CIKGU JELLY Fly lands on the dirt has pathogen on its legs and body The fly transmit pathogen to the food The pathogen enter the body of the person who eat the contaminated food

13. THE MECHANISM TO PREVENT THE SPREAD OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE CIKGU JELLY