4.Characteristics_of_Handwriting.ppt

Characteristics of Handwriting

1. CHARACTERISTICS OFHANDWRITING
Session-4

2. REAL DOCUMENT/GENUINE DOCUMENT
ADocumentwhichhasnoelementofforgeryand
doesnothaveanysignsofanyalterationandhas
beenissuedbythecompetentauthoritystands
genuinetillchallenged.
e.g.a)FrequencynotewoundbyFBI.
b)Aneducationalcertificateissuedbythe
compiledauthority.
c)Achequewrittenbytheholderofthe
chequebooks.

3. FORGED DOCUMENT
Aforgeddocumentisonewhereforgeryhasbeen
explainedbythedocumentexpertwithsufficientand
soundreasons.
Forgeddocumentsaremadeby
i)Anyalteration
ii)Anyaddition
iii)Erasures
iv)Transplantation
v)Replacement
vi)AhassingedforBits‘b’

4. PAPER LESS DOCUMENTS
Documentsmaybepaperless.Whennopaperis
involvedthedocumentwillbepaperless.
a) Writing on wall
b) Suicide note on a mirror written with soap
c) The name of the murderer written with blood on his
thigh /leg.

5. PERSONAL FEATURES
Handwriting is identified by a careful study of personal
features that are unique to the individual concerned.
These includes:-
a. General qualities
b. Writing habits
c. Individual characteristics

6. A. GENERALQUALITIES
Thegeneralqualitiesunderpersonalfeatures
consistofpictorialeffectinthehandwriting,
rhythmicaspects,thetypicalstylethatisused
whilewriting,movementofthepen,position
ofthepenwhenused,qualityoftheline
whetheritisstraightorwavyorslidingetc.
someofthesefeaturesaredescribedinthe
normalhandtoexecutethewriting,writingin
amovingtrainorinanunnaturalpositionor
byusingdefectivepen,paper,inkorsupport.

7. SOMEOFTHESEFEATURESAREDESCRIBED
INTHEFOLLOWINGSECTION
7
1.PICTORIAL EFFECT
2.RHYTHM
3.STYLE
4.MOVEMENT
5.PEN POSITION
6.PEN PRESSURE
7.LINE QUALITY
8.SKILL
9.TREMORS

8. Writinghabitsvaryagreatdealfromindividualto
individualduetothekindoftrainingthatthe
personhadhadinschoolsomechange,theearly
yearsoflife.
 Whileunderstandingandanalyzingthewriting
habitofaperson.Thefollowingpointsshouldbe
keptinmind.

9. 1.HEADINGS:Somewritersgiveheadingsnotonly
atthetopbuttotheparagraphsalso.
2.PETWORDSANDPHRASES:Certainphrases
andsentencesarefavoriteswithsomewriters.
Theirpresence,frequency,useormisuseisuseful
cluesespeciallyinpsycholinguisticanalysis.
3.PARAGRAPHING :Thisdependsmainlyonthe
educationanduseofthelanguage.

10. 4.SPACING:SPACINGOFTHEWORDS INALINE,OF
LINESINAPARAGRAPH ANDOFPARAGRAPHS INTEXTARE
VALUABLEPOINTSTOBESTUDIED.SPACESLEFTONTHE
RIGHTANDTHELEFTHANDSIDESARECHARACTERISTIC OF
THE INDIVIDUAL.
5.ALIGNMENT:ALIGNMENTOFWRITINGLINESWITHAN
IMAGINARYBASELINEANDWITHOTHERLINES,OFTHE
SIGNATURES WITHTHEBASELINESANDOFTHEVARIOUS
LINESINANADDRESSAREDISTINCTIVEFEATURES.

11. 6.PUNCTUATION:Theshapeofthepunctuation
marks,theirpositionandfrequency,thechoiceofa
particularpunctuationmark,under-scoring,bracketing
areallcharacteristicsofahandwriting.
7.FIGURESANDABBREVIATIONS :The
useandfrequencyofabbreviationsandthe
arrangementoffiguresareallproductsofhabit.

12. C. INDIVIDUAL CHARACTERISTICS
PENPRESSURE:
Thosewhowritingwithheavypressureareslow
writersandcauseindentationsinthewritingline.The
pressuremaybeuniform,graduatedorimpulsive.
Thosewriterswhowriteverylight,theirwritingsare
relativelysmootherandmorerhythmicthanthosewho
putpressureontheirwriting.

13. SHADING:
Shadingisnoteasytoimitate,becauseittypically
dependsontheindividual’swritinghabitandpractice.
Theparticularwriterinallmaterialsthatheorshe
writeswillusethisshading,whichthereforeis
extremelydifficulttoimitateandcouldbeoneofthe
bestcluesonecouldhaveinidentifyingawriter.The
forgertriestoimitatethisshadingidentifyingawriter.
Theforgertriestoimitatethisshadingthrough
retouching,whichinturncanbedetectedwiththe
helpofamicroscope.

14. 14
PENPAUSE:Penpausesinaforgeryareinthe
startingstroke,endingstroke,embellishmentsatdifficult
formationofthealphabetsconcernedandtheconnection
betweentwoalphabets.Thepenpausegenerallydepositextra
inkonthatspotconcerned,andthusaredetectedthrougha
magnifierofamicroscope.
PENLIFTS:Writersusuallylifttheirpenwhencertain
letterformationsaremetwith.Forexample:toputadot,to
crossa‘t’tocorrectshadingbyretouchingortomodifya
letterinacertainway.Penliftsingenuinewritingsarequite
conspicuous,whileinforgery,togivetheimpressionthatthe
writingiscontinuous,retouchingisoftenusedtocoverupthe
forgery.

15. STARTING AND ENDING STROKES:
Experiencedwritersstartwithaflourishofthepen
intheair.Whenthepentouchesthepaper,the
flourishcontinuesandgivesafinestartingline.
Thisisabsentinforgeries.Theendingstroke
tapersintoafinetip.Inforgeries,theendpoints
areblunt.
HESITATIONS:Inaforgery,thestartingandend
strokesshowhesitationsthroughtremorsorlackof
firmness.Incontrast,thestrokesingenuine
signaturesaredonerathermorefreelythanthe
restofthewriting.

16. RETOUCHING:Retouchinginagenuinehandwriting
istocomplete,clarifyortoproduceapictorialeffect
insomeletters.Retouchinginafraudulentwritingis
intendedtoimitatetheshadingpattern.
EMBELLISHMENTS :Theseareobservedinthe
startingorintheendingoflettersorwiththe
underscoringlineafterthesignatures.
ABBREVIATIONS:Experiencedwritersconsciously
orunconsciouslystartsimplifyinglettersandwords
anditbecomesacharacteristicfeatureofthe
handwriting.

17. PLACING:Thepositionofthedots,crossing-
strokesandplacingofpunctuationmarksare
highlycharacteristicinanyhandwriting.Every
personplacesthesemarksarehighly
characteristicinanyhandwriting.Everyperson
placesthesemarksaccordingtohisorherown
individualhabitsandstyle.Forinstancethe
commamaybeeitherbigorsmall;positionofthe
dotsmaybeexactlyoverthestemsof‘I’orthey
maybeplacedtowardstheleftorright.Similarly,
thecrossingsof‘t’maybetotheleftofthestemor
totheright,withouttouchingthestemoritmay
crossthestem.

18. SLOPE:Slantsoftheletterslike,‘f’,‘g’,‘h’,‘j’
,‘k’,‘p’,‘q’,‘t’,and‘y’,shouldbestudied.A
forgermaysucceedtochangetheslantofhis
naturalwritingifhehastowriteonlyafewwords.
Butifhehastowritealargerparagraph,the
forgertendstorevertbacktohisactualstyleof
writing.

19. SIZE:Thelength,breadth,andsizeofthe
curvesofvariouslettersandwordsarepersonal
characteristicfeatures,whichbecomefixedwith
thepassageoftimewithawriter.

20. CONNECTIVESTROKES:
Connectivestokeslikepen-lift,joiningofletters
etc.,isaverycharacteristichabit.Length,shape,
andpositioningcharacterizethestroke.