4. CHINESE LITERATURE.pptxgfffffffffffffffffffffffffff

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1. CHINESE LITERATURE Ms. Joanne Jane B. Rabano Afro-Asian Literature

2. Historical Background Shang Dynasty (1600 BC) Nature was inhabited by many powerful gods and spirits Bronze working Decimal system Twelve-month calendar Chinese Literature

3. Chou Dynasty (1100 BC – 221 BC) Longest dynasty of all China suffered severe political disunity and upheaval Known as Hundred Scholars period Historical Background Chinese Literature

4. Ch’in Dynasty (221 BC – 207 BC) Unification of China and strengthening of central government Formation of the Great Wall of China Chinese Literature Historical Background Historical Background

5. Han Dynasty (207 BC – AD 220) Most glorious era of Chinese history Introduction of Buddhism from India Chinese Literature Historical Background

6. T’ang Dynasty (AD 618-960) Fine arts and literature Golden Age of Chinese civilization Chinese Literature Historical Background

7. Sung Dynasty (AD 960 – 1279) Inferior in literary arts but great in learning Neo – Confucianism grew Chinese Literature Historical Background

8. Later Dynasties (AD 1260 – 1912) Overrun by Mongol invaders led by Genghis Khan Yuan Dynasty – first foreign dynasty Ming Dynasty Chinese Literature Historical Background

9. Traditional Chinese Government Imperial rule lasted for over 2000 years Emperor, Son of Heaven led Government career was established Civil service examinations Well-versed in literature and poetry Chinese Literature Historical Background

10. Chinese religions are based on the perception of life as a process of continual change in which opposing forces, such as heaven and earth or light and dark, balance one another. These opposites are symbolized by the Yin and Yang. Yin – passive and feminine force Yang – active and masculine force Chinese Literature Philosophy and Religion

11. CONFUCIANISM - CONFUCIUS Not a religion but makes individuals aware of their place in the world and the behavior appropriate to it. Confucian tenets: Jen/human heartedness/Ren – qualities or behaviors that set men above the rest of the life of earth. It is the unique goodness of man. Li – ritual, custom, propriety and manner. Meant to be which life should be regulated. Chinese Literature Philosophy and Religion

12. CONFUCIANISM The Analects of Confucius – moral education, building of harmonious family life, development of virtues, filial piety, social and religious rituals The Book of Changes – one of the Five Classics of Confucian philosophy; base on the concept of change Chinese Literature Philosophy and Religion

13. TAOISM – LAO TZU “The Tao” or “The Way” To follow the “ tao ” of to “go with the flow” is both wisdom and happiness. “Unhappiness comes from parting from the tao or from trying to flout it.” Individual needs to conform to nature rather than society. “Do nothing and everything else is done.” Chaos ceases, quarrels end, and self-righteous feuding disappears Chinese Literature Philosophy and Religion

14. BUDDHISM Stresses the importance of ridding oneself of earthly desires and of seeking ultimate peace and enlightenment through detachment. Chinese Literature Philosophy and Religion

15. Chuang Tzu – most important early interpreter of Taoism philosophy Lieh Tzu – Taoist teacher Chinese Literature Major Chinese Writers

16. Lui An – grandson of the founder of the Han Dynasty; produced a collection of essays on metaphysics, cosmology, politics and conduct Ssu -ma Ch’ien – greatest of China’s Grand Historians Major Chinese Writers Chinese Literature

17. Li Po – Taoist, drawing sustenance from nature and his poetry was often worldly and ecstatic. He is said to have made thousands of poems and made them into paper boats which he sailed along the streams. Tu-Fu – Confucian moralist, realist, and humanitarian Chinese Literature Major Chinese Writers

18. Wang Wei – known for the pictorial quality of his poetry and for its economy Li Ch’ing-chao – China’s greatest woman poet and one of the most liberated women of her days; her poems were about the celebrated happiness of her married life and expression of her loneliness when her husband was away. Major Chinese Writers Chinese Literature

19. Po – Chu I – poems about bitterness against social and economic problems that were plaguing China Chou-Shu-Jen – “Father of Modern Chinese Short Story”; also known as Lu Shun whose stories deals with social concerns, problems of the poor, women and intellectuals. Chinese Literature Major Chinese Writers