4. Orbital_Diagrams_Presentation gen math.pptx

4. Orbital_Diagrams_Presentation gen math

1. Drawing Orbital Diagrams Representing the Electronic Configuration of Atoms

2. What is an Orbital Diagram? A visual way to show how electrons fill atomic orbitals. Uses boxes (or lines) to represent orbitals. Uses arrows (↑↓) to represent electrons with opposite spins.

3. Rules for Filling Orbitals 1. Aufbau Principle – electrons enter the lowest energy orbital first. 2. Pauli Exclusion Principle – each orbital holds max of 2 electrons with opposite spins. 3. Hund’s Rule – electrons fill orbitals singly before pairing.

4. Exampl e: 1. Hydrogen (H) Atomic number: 1 Configuration: 1s¹ Orbital Diagram: 1s: ↑

5. Example : 2. Helium (He) Atomic number: 2 Configuration: 1s² Orbital Diagram: 1s: ↑↓

6. Example : 3. Oxygen (O) Atomic number: 8 Configuration: 1s² 2s² 2p⁴ Orbital Diagram: 1s: ↑↓ 2s: ↑↓ 2p: ↑ ↑ ↑↓

7. Sample Problems: Sodium (Na) 11 Phosphorus (P) 15 Iron (Fe) 26

8. Seatwork # 205: Solve for the Orbital Diagram in each of the following elements Nitrogen (N) 7 Neon (Ne) 10 Magnesium (Mg) 12 Titanium ( Ti ) 22 Iodine (I) 53

9. Step-by-Step Guide 1. Write the atomic number. 2. Find the electron configuration. 3. Draw boxes/lines for each orbital. 4. Add arrows (electrons) following the rules.

10. Practice Activity Draw orbital diagrams for: Carbon (C) Neon (Ne) Magnesium (Mg)

11. Summary Orbital diagrams show how electrons fill orbitals. Follow the 3 rules: Aufbau, Pauli, Hund’s Rule. Useful for understanding bonding and magnetism.