427638793-Types-of-Communicative-Strategies.pptx

oral communication

1. TYPES OF COMMUNICATIVE STRATEGIES

2. Since engaging in conversation is also bound by implicit rules,Cohen (1990) states that strategies must be used to start and maintain a conversation.Knowing and applying grammar appropriately is one of the most basic strategies to maintain a conversation.The following are some strategies that people use when communicating.

3. 1.NOMINATION A speaker carries out nomination to collaboratively and productively establish a topic.Basically,when you employ this strategy,you try to open a topic to people you are talking to.When beginning a topic in a conversation,especially if it does not arise from a previous topic,you may start off with news inquiries and news announcement as they promise extended talk.Most importantly,keep the conversational environment open for opinions until the prior topic shuts down easily and initiates a smooth end.

4. Example “Do you have anything to say?” “Have you heard the news about the most pretty girl in school?” “ Now,its your turn to ask questions.” “Does that make sense to you?”

5. 2. RESTRICTION Restriction in communication refers to any limitation you may have as a speaker. When communicating in the classroom,in the meeting,or while hanging out with your friends,you are typically given specific instruction that you must follow.This instruction confine you as a speaker and limit what you can say.

6. Example In your class,you might be asked by your teacher to brainstorm on peer pressure. When you were asked to deliver a speech in a specific language.

7. 3. TURN-TAKING EXAMPLE Can we all listen to the one who talk in front of us “Go on with your ideas.I’ll let you finish first before I say something.” Sometimes people are given unequal opportunities to talk because others take much time during the conversation.Turn -taking pertains to the process by which people decide who takes the conversational floor. There is a code of behavior behind establishing and sustaining a productive conversation,but the primary idea is to give all communicators a chance to speak.

8. 4. TOPIC CONTROL

9. Topic control covers how procedural formality or informality affect the development of the topic in conversations.For example ,in the meeting,you may only have a turn to speak after the chairperson directs you to do so.Contrast this with a casual conversation with friends over lunch or coffee where you may take the conversational floor anytime. Remember that regardless of the formality of the context,topic controls achieved cooperatively.

10. EXAMPLE “One of the essential lesson I gained from the discussion is the importance of sports and wellness to a healthy lifestyle.”

11. 5. TOPIC SHIFTING

12. Topic shifting,as the name suggest,involves moving from one topic to another.In other words,it is where one part of a conversation ends and where another begins. When shifting from one topic to another,you have to be very intuitive.Make sure that the previous topic was nurtured enough to generate adequate views.You may also use effective conversational transition to indicate a shift like “By the way”,”In addition to what you said”,”Which reminds me of”, and the like.

13. EXAMPLE: “By the way there’s a new shop opening at the mall” “In the addition to what you said about the beautiful girl is that she is smart

14. 6. REPAIR Repair refers to how speaker address the problems in speaking,listening,and comprehending that they may encounter in a conversation.For example,if every body in the conversation seems to talk at the same time,give way and appreciate other’s initiative to set the conversation back to its topic. Repair is the self-righting mechanism in any social interaction ( Scheloff al, 1977).If there is a problem in understanding the conversation ,speaker will always try to address and correct it.

15. EXAMPLE “Excuse me,but there are 5 Fuctions of Communication not 4.” I’m sorry, the word should be pronounced as Pretty not priti .”

16. 7. TERMINATION Termination refers to the conversation participant’s close-initiating expression that end a topic in a conversation.Most of the time,the topic initiator takes responsibility to signal the end of the discussion as well. Although not all topics may have clear ends,try to signal the end of the topic through concluding cues.You can do this by sharing what you learned from the conversation.Aside from this soliciting agreement from the other participants usually completes the discussion of the topic.

17. EXAMPLE “Best regards to your parents!See you around! “It was nice meeting you.” “That is all of today class,goodbye !”