4Correction.pptxS CDSZACVHZXHCZHGCIZJbCHBSuHBC

cORRECTION

1. Correction Pillar

2. Lesson Learning Outcomes At the end of the chapter, you should be able to: Discuss the correctional process. Critique on different correctional ideologies and models Classify prisoners, Compare and contrast early and contemporary forms of punishment, Differentiate jail and prison, Make a timeline in the development of national prisons in the Philippines, and Appreciate the goals of sentencing

3. What is correction?

4. Corrections refers to the implementation and execution of sentences imposed by the courts: the system that administer those sentences. In addition, Hess and Orthman (2012) stated that correction refers to "the programs services, agencies and institutions responsible for supervising individuals charged with or convicted inmates”

5. Introduction CORRECTION PILLAR is responsible for the incarceration and rehabilitation of the convicted person to prepare for eventual reintegration in the community serve as a place for detention for those prisoners undergoing investigation, awaiting trial or final judgment, and a place rehabilitation tor those prisoners who serving their sentences.

6. The Two Correctional Processes Correctional process is a means by which the government deals with offenders . This process when given to the offender is often commensurate with the offense committed. In the Philippines, there are two correction processes.

7. Institutional correction. This correctional process placed the offender in a correctional institution such as jail or prison and other special institutions and facilities if he is found to be a threat to the security and safety of the people. This means that the rehabilitation of the criminal takes place inside prison or jail. Non-institutional correction. In this process, the offender is given correctional programs of reformation activities usually community-based program) , which should be complied directly within the community where the offender resides (e.g. probation). This means that the rehabilitation of rehabilitation of the criminal takes place in the free community and not in jail or prison.

8. Early Forms of Punishments (Schmalleger 2009: Madelo Jr. 2013) Death penalty is done by burning, beheading, hanging, breaking at the wheels. pillory and other forms of medieval executions. Flogging is the whipping of a stick, rope, or leather to a person who violates the law. The famous whip was the Russian knot made out of leather thongs tipped with fishhook like wires. A few strides with the knot produced serious lacerations and often resulted in much blood loss. Another type of whip is the cat-o-nine tails, which is made of nine strands of leather or rope.

9. Death penalty Beheading hanging breaking at the wheels

10. Flogging Cat-o-nine tails

11. 3. Mutilation is the cutting of some parts of t the offender's body Schmalleger (2009) cited suffered broken fingers. He further added that extensive mutilation which includes bIinding , cutting of the ears, and ripping out the tongue, was instituted in eleventh century 1n Britain and imposed upon hunters who poached on royal lands. 4. Branding was used as a lesser form of mutilation, the Romans, Greeks, French, British and many other societies have all used branding In 1829 the British parliament officially eliminated branding as a punishment of a crime. Offenders who are branded have identifying marks on the hand If violation was repeated, the marking is placed at the forehead.

12. Mutilation Branding

13. 5. Public humiliation gives an opportunity of the members of the community to take its vengeance Offenders are sent to the stock or pillory found themselves as captive and on public display. They will be heckled and spit upon by passers-by. 6. Exile or banishment is practiced by the ancient Hebrew periodically who forced a sacrificial goat symbolically carrying the tribe's sin into the wilderness, a practice which has given us the modern word "scapegoating'" Since then, many societies have banished "'sinners directly. The French sent criminal offenders to devil's island. The Russian's had used Siberia as the land where banished people are sent. England sent their prisoners to America beginning in 1618, the British program of exile, is known as transportation.

14. Public humiliation Exile or banishment

15. Contemporary forms of punishment ( Manwong 2008))   Imprisonment is done by putting the offender in prison for the purposes of protecting the public against criminal activities and at the same time rehabilitating the prisoners by institutional treatment programs. Parole is a conditional release of a prisoner after serving part of his/her sentence in prison for the purpose of gradually re-introducing him/her to free life under the guidance and supervision of a parole officer

16. 3. Probation is a disposition whereby a defendant after conviction of the offense, the penalty of which does not exceed six years of imprisonment, is released subject to the conditions imposed by the releasing court under the supervision of a probation officer 4. Fine is an amount given as a compensation fora criminal act, 5. Destierro Is a penalty of banishing a person from the place where he committed a crime, prohibiting him to get near or enter the 25-kilometer perimeter.  

17. Goals of Sentencing:   According to Hess and Orthmann {2012), the primary purposes of corrections are retribution, deterrence, incapacitation, and rehabilitation.   Retribution is the act of taking revenge upon a criminal perpetrator. Incapacitation is the use of imprisonment or other means to reduce the likelihood that an offender will be capable of committing future offenses. Deterrence is a means, which seeks to prevent others from committing crimes or repeating criminality. Rehabilitation is the attempt to reform a criminal offender, the state in which a reformed offender is said to be rehabilitate Restoration is a goal which attempts to make the victim wholesome again ( Madelo Ir. 2013)  

18. Theories Justifying Penalty (Reyes 2012, Madelo Jr. 2013)   Prevention the state must punish the criminal to prevent or suppress the danger to the state arising from the criminal acts of the offender.   Self-defense- the state has a right to punish the criminal as a measure of self-defense so as to protect society from the threat and wrong inflicted by the criminal.   Reformation - the object of punishment in criminal cases is to correct and reform the offender.   Exemplarity or deterrence- the criminal is punished by the state as an act to deter others from committing crimes.   Justice - that crime must be punished by the state as an act of retributive justice , a vindication of absolute right and moral violated by the criminal.

19. Three-fold Purpose of Penalty (Reyes 2012, Madelo Jr. 2013)   1. Retribution or Expiation- the penalty is commensurate with the gravity of the offense as a matter of payment for the damage done.   2. Correction or Reformation - as shown by the rules which regulate the execution of the penalties consisting in deprivation of liberty, thereby giving chance for his reformation.   2. Social Defense - as shown by its inflexible severity to recidivist and habitual delinquents. Society must provide the welfare of the people against any disorder in the community.  

20. Different Juridical Conditions of Penalty (Reyes 2012)   Must be productive of suffering, without however affecting the integrity of the human personality. Must be commensurate with the offense -different crimes must be punished with different penalties. Must be personal - no one should be punished for the crime of another Must be legal - it is the consequence of a judgment according to rules Must be certain -no one may escape its effects. Must be equal for all. Must be correctional.

21. What is Jail?   The term jail is derived from old English term, gaol (also pronounced as jail) which originated in 1166 AD, through a declaration by Henry II of England (Champ, 2005). In the Philippines, it refers to a place for locking- up persons who are convicted of minor offenses or felonies who are to serve a short sentence imposed by a competent court , or for confinement or persons who are awaiting trial or investigation of their cases.

22. The Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP) has direct control and supervision over all municipal jails, city jails, and district jails while provincial jails are under the control and finance by the its respective provincial government.

23. Types of Jail ( Guererro 2013, Garcia 2004)   Lock-Up jails are security facility, common to police stations, used for temporary confinement of an individual held for investigation.   Ordinary Jails are commonly used to detain a convicted criminal offender to serve sentence less than three years.   Workhouses, jail farms or camp. This is a facility that houses minimum custody offenders who are serving short sentences or those who are undergoing constructive work programs . It provides full employment of prisoners, remedial services and constructive, leisure time activities.

24. BUREAU OF CORRECTIONS is an agency under the Department of Justice that is charged with custody and rehabilitation of national offenders, that is, those sentenced to serve a term of imprisonment of more than three (3) years.

25. (7) operating units located nationwide, The New Bilibid Prison in Muntinlupa City; The Correctional Institution for Women (CIW) in Mandaluyong City; Iwahig Prison and Penal Farm in Puerto Princesa City, Palawan; Sablayan Prison and Penal Farm in Occidental Mindoro; San Ramon Prison and Penal Farm in Zamboanga City; Leyte Regional Prison in Abuyog , Leyte; and Davao Prison and Penal Farm in Panabo , Davao Province.

26. jail VS Prison Jails are under the control and supervision of the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP), except provincial in jails which are under the management of the provincial government while prisons are managed and controlled by the Bureau of Corrections ( BuCor )

27. In addition, BJMP is the Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG) while BuCor is under the Department of Justice (DOJ). Moreover, prisoners confined in prison are serving more than three (3) years of imprisonment while prisoners in jail are serving an imprisonment of three (3) years and below.

28. Four Classes of Prisoners Insular or national prisoner – one who is sentenced to a prison term of three years and one day to death; 2. Provincial prisoner – one who is sentenced to a prison term of six months and one day to three years; 3. City prisoner – one who is sentenced to a prison term of one day to three years; and 4. Municipal Prisoner – one who is sentenced to a prison term of one day to six months.

29. Three Types of Detainees 1. Those undergoing investigation; 2. those awaiting or undergoing trial; and 3. those awaiting final judgment.

30. The Old Bilibid Prison Or new bilibid prison or manila city jail The Old Bilibid Prison was located at Oroquieta Street in Manila the main insular penitentiary designed to house the prison population of the country This prison was known as the "Carcel y Presidio Correccional " and could accommodate 1,127 prisoners The Carcel was designed to house 600 prisoners segregated according to class, sex and crime while the Presidio could accommodate 527 prisoners.

31. The San Ramon Penal Colony San Ramon Prison was established in Southern Zamboanga Established during the tenure of Governor General Ramon Blanco the facility was originally established for persons convicted of political crimes Also, this is a banishment site for political non-conformists coming from the Luzon and the Visayas. It s considered as the oldest penal facility in the country today. Aside from coconuts, rice, corn, papaya and other crops were cultivated. Its principal product copra which is one of the biggest sources of income.

32. The Iwahig Penal Colony during the Spanish regime that Puerto Princessa was designated as a place where offenders sentenced to banishment were exiled. originally served as a depository for prisoners who could not accommodated at the Bilibid Prison in Manila. the colony became a successful settlement. A merit system was devised for the prisoners and vocational activities were offered. These included farming. fishing. forestry, carpentry and hospital paramedical work. Prisoners could choose the vocational activities they wanted one of the most open penal institutions in the world today and known as the “Prison Without Walls” homesteaders lots were distributed to released inmates who desired to live in the settlement.

33. The Davao Penal Colony The Davao Penal Colony is the first penal settlement founded and organized under Filpino administration Located at Panabo and Tagum, Davao del Norte, The colony has been engaged in joint venture with the Tagum Development Company (TADECO) and has a land 3,000 hectare banana plantations ( Madelo Jr. 2013: Vilaluz et al. 2013 Foronda 2007). the main source of income by the Bureau of Prisons from its vast production of abaca, rice and other agricultural products. It is now the biggest abaca plantation in the country homesteaders

34. The Leyte Regional Prison situated in Abuyog , Southern Leyte, While its plantilla and institutional plan were almost ideal, lack of funds made the prison unable to realize its full potential and its facilities are often below compared with those other established penal farms. The prison admits convicted offenders from Region VI and from the national penitentiary in Muntinlupa. It has an inmate capacity of 500 ( Manwong 2014; Peckly & Eduardo 2010).

35. Correctional Institution for Women CIW was born via the signing of Act No. 3579 on November 1929, which authorized the transfer of all-women inmates of the Old Bilibid Prison in Manila to a new facility. Some 270 female inmates were transferred on February 1931 to a building in Mandaluyong (then part of Rizal) that was initially called the Women's Prison.

36. SABLAYAN PRISON AND PENAL FARM Nearer to Manila than other penal colonies, the Sablayan Penal Colony is located in Occidental Mindoro and relatively new.  Established on September 26, 1954 by virtue of Presidential Proclamation No. 72, the penal colony has a total land area of approximately 16,190 hectares. Prison records show that the first colonists and employees arrived in Sablayan on January 15, 1955.  Since then several buildings have been constructed, including the colonists�?dormitories, employees quarters, guardhouse, schoolhouse, chapel, recreation hall, and post exchange. is a facility where prisoners from NBP are brought for decongestion purposes.  It follows the same colony standards as other penal farms.