4D Printing in Pharmaceuticals GARIMA KUMARI.pptx

4DP is a breakthrough in 3D printing, having several advantages over 3DP.

1. 4D PRINTING: THE SHAPESHIFTING TECHNOLOGY PRESENTED BY GARIMA KUMARI M.PHARM 1 ST SEM (PHARMACEUTICS) ROLL NO.: 05 NEMCARE GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS

2. 4D printing represents a breakthrough in three-dimensional (3D) printing, enabling a static structure to undergo gradual shape shifts through self-folding/unfolding when exposed to external stimuli like water, pH, light, temperature, mechanical stress, and magnetic fields. Items made of smart materials and fabricated through 3DP processes are often considered as smart devices, since they can change their morphology in a programmed way over time. This is the reason why they are categorized as 4D printed systems- being the shapeshifter, involved in their definition. Administration: Oral; Implants; Microneedles; Transdermal. INTRODUCTION TO 4D PRINTING

3. 3D V/S 4D

4. Process of 4D Printing

5. Shape memory polymers (SMPs): types of smart materials that are capable of memorizing. Ex: Polyurethanes. Shape changing materials (SCMs): stimulation is removed, the materials revert to their original position, meaning they are reversible. Ex: Liquid crystal elastomers. Shape memory alloys (SMAs): converts thermal energy into mechanical force. Ex: Nickel- Titanium (NiTi). Shape memory hydrogels (SMHs): have the ability to self-fold or self-unfold in response to stimuli. Ex: Alginate + Methylcellulose. Shape memory materials (SMMs): does not need any predetermined transformation as prepared. They can “memorize” permanent shapes, transformation occurs when the material is stimulated. Ex: Crystalline trans-polyisoprene. Shape Memory

6. APPLICATIONS

7. The inadequate availability and suitability of manufacturing technology. For 4D printing, only two 3D printing technologies named as PolyJet technology for produce multi- material parts and selective laser melting (SLM) technology for producing metallic components are being used. Oxidation and changes in the phase transformation behavior, microstructural defects, rapid solidification, and directional cooling can be counted as some of the problems due to the smart materials properties. Understanding the effects of the scale of structural patterns and the mechanics of the transformations will allow for more flexibility and applicability, which shows the promise of widespread use and future opportunities in the field of 4D-printing. Challenges and outlook

8. Two Indian researchers from the Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology, Burla, Odisha, have developed two 4D printed prototypes, which the researchers claim, are the world's strongest prototypes built to date. The prototypes are made from Polylactic acid material which is embedded with shape memory alloys (SMA) Ni-Ti. The Ni-Ti sheet adds strength to these 4D printed parts. The first is a simple "self-folding origami structure” The second one is "3 Jaw robotic gripper" 4D printing in India

9. 4D printing is a novel concept, which allows the advancement of 3D printing technology to formulate smart time-dependent products. 4D printing technology has shown promising potential in the medical sciences because of the capability to alter the shape of printed constructs against numerous external stimuli. The future of 4D printing in pharma holds immense potential for transforming personalized medicine, enabling the creation of smart drug delivery systems that adapt to physiological conditions for precise and controlled release. As the technology evolves, it will drive new regulatory frameworks and ethical considerations, integrating with digital health to create responsive, patient-centered healthcare solutions. Conclusions and future aspects

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