4G-MobileCommunicationsMobileCommunications

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2. Introduction to wireless communication
Types of wireless communication networks
Wireless applications and services
Towards next generation an overview
Comparison between 3g, 4g and 5g
Conclusion

3. Ultimate goal is to communicate with any type
of information with anyone, at anytime, from
anywhere. This is possible with the aid of
WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY

4. 1.CELLULAR NETWORK
Evolved from mobile telephone as voice
conversation and communication tools for private
and business uses
2.WIRELESS LOCAL AREA NETWORK
Emerged from computer network. It helps business
user to expand their service areas by using LAN
(faster data transport)

6. WIRELESS APPLICATION
Wireless applications are those which use
free space as the transmission medium
and do not involve cabling like fiber or
copper

7. Wireless solutions for business and
industry including:
 
  
- Department stores, and warehouse.
 
   - Trucking and movement of goods
 
   - Car rental billing and tracking

8. Wireless solutions for schools
 
   - In the classroom
 
   - Remote schools
 
   - Mobile access for students and student
services

Wireless solutions for people on the go
 
   - Real Estate Agents
 
   - Stock Brokers
 
   - Doctors
 
   - Service personnel
 
   - Airplane Pilots

10. Developed in 1980s and completed in early
1990’s
1G was old analog system and supported the
1
st
generation of analog cell phones speed up
to 2.4kbps
Advance mobile phone system (AMPS) was
first launched by the US and is a 1G mobile
system
Allows users to make voice calls in 1 country

11. Fielded in the late 1980s and finished in the
late 1990s
Planned for voice transmission with digital
signal and the speeds up to 64kbps
2G was the digital handsets that we are used
today, with 2.5G representing handsets with
data capabilities over GPRS

12. Developed in the late 1990s until present
day
Japan is the first country having
introduced 3G nationally, and in Japan
the transition to 3G is being largely
completed during 2005/2006

13. Services include:
Global roaming
Superior voice quality and video conference
Data always add–on services (e-mail, personal
organizer, etc.)
Information for web surfing, music, news,
corporate intranet, transportation service etc.
Purchasing – on-line shopping / banking, ticketing,
gambling, games, etc.

14. Transmission speeds from 125kbps to 2Mbps
In 2005, 3G is ready to live up to its
performance in computer networking
(WCDMA, WLAN and Bluetooth) and
mobile devices area (cell phone and GPS)

15. According to Nokia, 3G applications can be divided into:
Wireless Advertising
Mobile Information
Business Solutions
Mobile Transactions
Mobile Entertainment
Person-to-Person Communications
Bearer Entrance and Periodics

19. High input fees for the 3G service licenses
Great differences in the licensing terms
Current high debt of many telecommunication
companies, making it more of a challenge to build the
necessary infrastructure for 3G
Health aspects of the effects of electromagnetic waves
Expense and bulk of 3G phones
Lack of 2G mobile user buy-in for 3G wireless service
Lack of coverage because it is still new service
High prices of 3G mobile services in some countries

20. Where are we?
Where do we Want to go?
 3G vs 4G
4G Process
Challenges

21. Hyper Lan- set of wireless Lan
1G-First Generation
Speech
2G-Second Generation
SMS , MMS
CDMA , GPRS , EDGE
Voice Mail
3G-Third Generation
Wireless Internet
Video Calling
 Mobile TV

22. High transfer rate
Internet access any where
Ability to move around with the same IP address
Utilization of Smart antennas
High resolution Mobile TV

23. GSM/TDMA
Time Division Multiplexing based access
CDMA
Code Division Multiplexing based access
OFDM
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing

24. Technology 3G 4G
Data Transfer Rate 3.1MB /sec 100MB/sec
Internet services Broadband Ultra Broadband
Mobile -TV ResolutionLow High
Bandwidth 5 - 20 MHz 100 +MHz
Frequency 1.6- 2 GHZ 2 – 8 GHz
Network ArchitectureWide Area Network Hybrid Network
3G Vs 4G

26. Machine-to-machine transmission
-Sensors (measure parameters)
-Tags (read/write equipment)
Consented to achieve 500bit/s/Hz/km2

-HSDPA (High Speed Download Packet Access)
-MIMO
WWI agreed peak rates of 100Mbit/s in mobile
situations1Gbit/s in nomadic/pedestrian situations

Service Evolution and Service Evolution and ConsensusConsensus

27. To operate large number of users
- Parent coverage
- Pico-cell coverage

28. Mobile IP
VoIP
Ability to move around with the same IP address
IP tunnels
Intelligent Internet
Presence Awareness Technology
Knowing who is on line and where
Radio Router
Bringing IP to the base station
Smart Antennas
Unique spatial metric for each transmission

29. Key Technologies Required for 4G
 OFDMA
-Time domain
-Space domain
-Frequency domain

30.  MIMO
Signal multiplexing between antennas
-Smart antennas
Well suited to OFDM

31. Coverage
Parent coverage ------ Pico-cell coverage

32. Supporting heterogeneous multitude of
systems
Includes multiple networks:
▪Cellular telecommunication systems
▪Digital video broadband
▪Digital audio broadband
▪Wireless LAB, Bluethood-based networks
Open communication network: infrastructure
independent which can access to any services and
applications (now and in the future!)
Complete compatibility between wireless and
wired networks through gateways

33. Supporting statistical multiplexing of heterogeneous
data over-the-air
Latency, noisy environment, unpredictable discontinuities
and loss, etc.
High-speed wireless transmission over the air
High performance physical layer
▪20Mbps (2G: 28Kbps, 3G: 2Mbps)
Scarce bandwidth availability
▪Efficient frequency spectrum utilization
▪Efficient hand off
▪Dynamic bandwidth allocation
▪Advanced digital transmission technology (modulation, low power
devices, etc.)

34. IP Addressing
Mobile IPv6 protocol provides unbroken
connectivity between mobile nodes
Architecture
Horizontal communications between different
access technologies using gateways
Including local-area access technology (3G only
covers wide-area packet switched cellular
technology)

35. Hand off
Fast hand off due to high-speed transmission
High reliability
QoS framework
Interoperability between wireless and wired
networks
QoS classes: Conversational (most delay sensitive),
streaming, interactive, background (least delay
sensitive)
Fair bandwidth allocation
Class-based QoS over the air

36. Security and billing
Essential in e-commerce
More than just authentication and encryption (as in
3G)
End-to-end security mechanisms between the
Internet server (wired) and the mobile terminal
▪No translation and decomposition of the data at the
gateways
Usage fee
Volume based or time-based?

37. TCP performance in wireless / mobile
communications
Research shows unmodified standard TCP is not
well aligned with cellular boundaries
New protocols have been developed: Snoop, Split
connections, other end-to-end protocol families
▪Using Snoop agent the exchange of TCP packets and
ACKs are monitored and performs local retransmissions
as needed (OBS-like!)
▪Split-connections deals with wireless and wired network
inconsistencies (gateways, translations, etc.)
▪Two separate connections between fixed and mobile hosts
▪End-to-end protocols deal with retransmission timeout
causing the TCP window to shrink too often

38.  Sufficient spectrum with associated sharing mechanisms.
 Coverage with two technologies.
 Caching technology in the network and terminals.
 OFDM and MIMO.
 IP mobility.
 Multi-technology distributed architecture.
 Fixed-mobile convergence (for indoor service).
 Network selection mechanisms.

39. Life-Saving: Telemedicine
Video Conferencing
Telegeoprocessing: GIS,GPS
Better Usage of Multimedia Applications
Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) for IPv6

41. Paramedic assisting a
victim of a traffic
accident in a remote
location could access
medical records
(X-rays) and
establish a video
conference so that a
remotely based
surgeon could
provide ‘on-scene’
assistance.

43. A remote database will contain
the graphical representation of
streets, buildings and physical
characteristics of a large
metropolis.
Blocks of this database will be
transmitted in rapid sequence to a
vehicle, where a rendering
program will permit the
occupants to visualize the
environment ahead.
They may also ‘virtually’ see the
internal layout of buildings to
plan an emergency rescue or
engage hostile elements hidden in
the building

44. VoIP systems 
controls and set-up
and tear-down the
audio codecs which
encode speech and
allow user to
transmission over an
IP network as digital
audio using audio
devices. This
technique is used by
Skype, Yahoo!, GMail
and some other
social network sites.

45. Mobile Intelligent Internet and multi media applications
Seamless Roaming, substantially high and selectable user
bandwidth, customized QoS, Intelligent and responsive user
interface
Mobile IP, Radio Routers, smart Antennas
Continued advances and challenges from 1G -> 4G
Modulation techniques, transreceiver advances, fast
manipulations, user interfaces, IP tunelling and firewalls
Spectrum usage, regulatory decisions, “one” standard,
authentication and security, multi disciplinary co-operation
Packing so much intelligence in smaller and smaller physical
space, esp. User Equipment (UE)
IP + WPAN + WLAN + WMAN + WWAN + any other
stragglers = 4G

46. Any Queries?