5 2 -pinus

1. ANCILLARY BOTANY
PLANT DIVERSITY
5-2
GYMNOSPERMS
-PINUS
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2. GYMNOSPERMS -PINUS
POINTS TO REMEMBER
⚫It is Conifer Tree.
⚫It is commonly called Pine Tree.
⚫It is Forest Makers of the World.
⚫It is Ever Green Tree.
⚫Dimorphic Branches –Long Shoot and Dwarf Shoot.
⚫Dimorphic Leaves –Foliage Leaves and Scale Leaves.
⚫Foliage Leaves are called Pine Needles.
⚫Dwarf Shoot with Foliage Leaves is called Spur Shoot or Foliar Spur.
⚫Presence of Mycorrhizal Symbiotic Root.
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3. GYMNOSPERMS -PINUS
POINTS TO REMEMBER
⚫The seed germination is Hypogeal or Hypocotyl in Pinus.
⚫Turpentine is obtained from Pinus.
⚫Seeds of Pinus are roasted or boiled and Edible.
⚫Wine is prepared from the seeds of Cycas revolute.
⚫Wood Alcohol is extracted from Pinus.
⚫Timber of Pinus used for making Packing cases, Pencils, Match Boxes,
Match Sticks, Building Materials, Furniture etc.,
⚫Turpentine and Resin are extracted from Pinus roxburghii
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4. GYMNOSPERMS
PINUS
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5. GYMNOSPERMS
PINUS –MALE CONES
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6. GYMNOSPERMS
PINUS –FEMALE CONES
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7. GYMNOSPERMS
PINUS
SYSTEMATIC POSITION
⚫DIVISION : GYMNOSPERMAE
⚫CLASS : CONIFEROPHYTA
⚫ORDER : CONIFERALES
⚫FAMILY : PINACEAE
⚫GENUS : PINUS
⚫SPECIES : 105
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8. GYMNOSPERMS -PINUS
STRUCTURE OF PLANT BODY OF PINUS
STRUCTURE OF PLANT BODY OF PINUS (or)
STRUCTURE OF PINE TREE (or)
SPOROPHYTIC BODY OF PINUS
⚫It is a Conical, Tall, and Evergreen Tree
⚫The Plant Body is Diploid Sporophyte, consists of
▪Root
▪Stem and
▪Leaves
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9. STRUCTURE OF PINUS
.
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MAIN STEM
PINUS
ROOT
STEM
MYCORRHIZAL ROOT
LEAVES
TAP ROOT SYSTEM
BRANCHES
SCALE LEAVES
FOILAGE LEAVES
(PINE NEEDLES)
BRANCHES OF LIMITED
(DWARF SHOOT)
BRANCHES OF UNLIMITED
(LONG SHOOT)

10. GYMNOSPERMS -PINUS
STRUCTURE OF PLANT BODY OF PINUS
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ROOT
•TheRootSystemisTap
Root withnumerous
LateralRoots.
•Some Young Lateral
RootsareSymbioticand
AssociatedwithFungus
toformMycorrhizae.

11. GYMNOSPERMS -PINUS
STRUCTURE OF PLANT BODY OF PINUS
STEM
⚫TheStemconsistsof
▪MainStemand
▪Branches.
⚫TheGrowthofMainStemisContinuousbyApicalBudandProduces
BranchesinWhorls.
⚫TheMainStemiscoveredbyScaleLeaves.
⚫TheLowerBranchesareLongerthanUpperBranchesinthePine
Tree,thisarrangementgivesConicalShape.SotheTreesarecalled
Conifers.
⚫TheBranchesareDimorphic(TwoTypes)namely
▪LongShootsand
▪Dwarfshoots
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12. GYMNOSPERMS -PINUS
STRUCTURE OF PLANT BODY OF PINUS
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LONG SHOOT
•TheLongShootsdevelops
fromtheaxilofScaleLeaves
ofMainStem.
•TheGrowthofLongShootis
ContinuousbyApicalBud.So
itiscalledBranchesof
UnlimitedGrowth.
•TheLongShootsarecovered
byScaleLeaves.

13. GYMNOSPERMS -PINUS
STRUCTURE OF PLANT BODY OF PINUS
DWARF SHOOT or SPUR SHOOT
⚫TheDwarfShootsdevelopsfromtheaxilofScaleleavesofLong
Shoot.
⚫TheGrowthofDwarfShootisRestrictedbythelossofApicalBud.
SoitiscalledBranchesofLimitedGrowth
⚫TheDwarfShootsarecoveredbyScaleLeavesandEndwithFoliage
LeavesorPineNeedles.
⚫TheDwarfShootwithmanyPineNeedlesiscalledSpurShootor
FoliarSpur
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14. GYMNOSPERMS -PINUS
STRUCTURE OF PLANT BODY OF PINUS
LEAVES
⚫The Leaves are Dimorphic ie Two types namely
⚫Foliage Leaves and
⚫Scale Leaves
FOLIAGE LEAVES
⚫Foliage Leaves are Green and Needle like.
⚫Also called Pine Needle.
⚫Involved in Photosynthesis.
SCALE LEAVES
⚫Scale Leaves are Brown and Membranous.
⚫Also called Cataphylls.
⚫Gives Protection to Buds.
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15. INTERNAL STRUCTURE
T.S OF PINUS NEEDLE
INTERNAL STRUCTURE
OFPINUSLEAF(Or)T.S
OFPINUSNEEDLE
TheT.SPinusNeedle
shows
•Epidermis
•Mesophylland
•Stele
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16. INTERNAL STRUCTURE
T.S OF PINUS NEEDLE
EPIDERMIS
⚫It is an outer most multicellular unilayer.
⚫It is made up of thick walled Parenchyma
⚫Presence of thick Cuticle
⚫Stomata are Sunken
⚫It gives protection to the internal tissue.
MESOPHYLL
⚫It is a tissue present below the epidermis
⚫It consists of
▪Outer Hypodermis
▪Middle Arm Parenchyma and
▪Inner Endodermis
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17. INTERNAL STRUCTURE
T.S OF PINUS NEEDLE
⚫TheOuterHypodermismadeupof2-3layersofSclerenchyma,
interruptedbyAir-CavitiesintheplaceofStomata
⚫TheMiddleParenchyma cellsarefoldinwardlikearmsand
toformArmParenchyma,containmanyChloroplasts.
⚫TheInnerParenchymacellsarearrangedinalayercalled
Endodermis
⚫TheMesophyllalsocontainTwoResinCanals
⚫ItisinvolvedinPhotosynthesis.
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18. INTERNAL STRUCTURE
T.S OF PINUS NEEDLE
STELE
⚫It is an inner most Conductive Tissue
⚫It consists of
▪Pericycle and
▪Vascular Bundle
⚫Pericycle is Multicellular, Multilayered and made up of Three
types of Cells namely
⚫Albuminous Cells
⚫Tracheidal Cells and
⚫Transfusion Tissue
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19. INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF PINUS
T.S OF PINUS NEEDLE
VASCULAR BUNDLE
⚫Vascular Bundles are Two and embedded in the Transfusion Tissue
⚫It is Open and Collateral
⚫It consists of
▪Xylem
▪Cambium and
▪Phloem
⚫Phloem towards Upper side, Xylem towards Lower side and Cambium
present between Xylem and Phloem
⚫The Tracheidal Cells associate with Xylem and involved in
conduction of Water and minerals
⚫The Albuminous Cells associate with Phloem and involved in
conduction of Food.
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20. INTERNAL STRUCTURE
T.S OF YOUNG ROOT OF PINUS
INTERNALSTRUCTURE
OFROOT(Or)T.SOF
YOUNGROOTOFPINUS
TheT.SofYoungPinus
Rootshows
Epidermis
Cortex
Steleand
Pith
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21. INTERNAL STRUCTURE
T.S OF YOUNG ROOT OF PINUS
EPIDERMIS
⚫ItisanOutermostMulticellularUnilayer.
⚫SomeEpidermalcellsExtentOutsidestoformUnicellularRootHairs
forAbsorption.
⚫ItGivesProtectiontotheInternalTissues.
CORTEX
⚫ItisaTissuePresentBelowtheEpidermis.
⚫ItismadeupofParenchymaCells.
⚫ItisEndwithSingleLayercalledEndodermis.
⚫ItisInvolvedinStorage.
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22. INTERNAL STRUCTURE
T.S OF YOUNG ROOT OF PINUS
STELE
⚫It is a Conductive Tissue consists of
▪Pericycle and
▪Vascular tissue
⚫The Pericycle is a Multicellular and Multilayered and it encloses the
vascular tissue.
⚫The Lateral Roots are develops from Pericycle.
⚫The Vascular Tissue consists of 2-6 Vascular Bundles.
⚫Each Vascular bundle is Radial, in which Xylem and Phloem arranged
in different Radii.
XYLEM
⚫Xylem is Y-shaped and Resin Canals are present between the Arms
of Xylem.
⚫Xylem is made up of
▪Tracheids and
▪Xylem parenchyma
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23. INTERNAL STRUCTURE
T.S OF YOUNG ROOT OF PINUS
⚫Xylem is consists of
▪Protoxylem and
▪Metaxylem
⚫Xylem is Exarch,in which the Metaxylem present at the Centre and
Protoxylem towards outside.
⚫Xylem is Diarchin which the Protoxylem ends with Two Points.
PHLOEM
⚫Phloem is made up of
▪Sieve Cells and
▪Phloem Parenchyma.
PITH
⚫It is a Tissue Present at the Centre.
⚫It is Very Small and made up of Parenchyma Cells.
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24. INTERNAL STRUCTURE
T.S OF OLD ROOT OF PINUS
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T.S OF OLD ROOT OF PINUS
(Or) SECONDARY GROWTH
OF PINUS ROOT
TheT.Sof(Secondary
Growth) PinusOldRoot
shows
Cork
SecondaryCortex
VascularTissueand
Pith

25. INTERNAL STRUCTURE
T.S OF OLD ROOT OF PINUS
CORK
⚫It is an Outermost Layer.
⚫It Develops from the Primary Cortex by Crushing of Cells.
⚫It Gives Protection to the Internal Tissues.
SECONDARY CORTEX
⚫It is a Tissue Present Below the Cork.
⚫It is made up of Parenchyma Cells.
⚫It contains some Resin Canal.
⚫Also contains Stone Cells.
VASCULAR TISSUE
⚫It consists of
⚫Primary Phloem
⚫Secondary phloem
⚫Secondary Xylem and
⚫Primary Xylem
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26. INTERNAL STRUCTURE
T.S OF OLD ROOT OF PINUS
PRIMARY PHLOEM
⚫It is Formed from Cambium of vascular bundle towards outside
during Primary Growth.
⚫It is Crushed during Secondary Growth.
SECONDARY PHLOEM
⚫It is Few Layered.
⚫It is made up of
⚫Sieve Tubes
⚫Sieve Plates
⚫Phloem Parenchyma and
⚫Albuminous Cells.
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27. INTERNAL STRUCTURE
T.S OF OLD ROOT OF PINUS
SECONDARY XYLEM
⚫It is well developed.
⚫It is made up of Tracheids.
⚫It is Separated by Uniseriate Medullary Rays.
PRIMARY XYLEM
⚫It is Y Shaped
⚫It is Diarch and Exarch
PITH
⚫It is crushed
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28. INTERNAL STRUCTURE
T.S OF PINUS YOUNG STEM
INTERNAL STRUCTURE
OFSTEM(Or)T.SOF
PINUSYOUNGSTEM
TheT.SofYoung
PinusStemshows
Epidermis
Cortex
Steleand
Pith
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29. INTERNAL STRUCTURE
T.S OF PINUS YOUNG STEM
EPIDERMIS
⚫ItisanOuterMostMulticellularUnilayer.
⚫ItisanIrregularOutlineduetothePresenceofScaleLeaves.
⚫CuticleisPresent.
⚫ItGivesProtectiontotheInternalTissues.
CORTEX
⚫ItisaTissuePresentBelowtheEpidermis.
⚫Itismadeupof
▪OuterHypodermis
▪MiddleParenchymaand
▪InnerEndodermis.
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30. INTERNAL STRUCTURE
T.S OF PINUS YOUNG STEM
⚫TheOuterHypodermismadeupof2-3LayersofSclerenchymaCells
GivesMechanicalSupport.
⚫TheMiddlemanyLayersofParenchymaCellsInvolvedinStorage
andalsocontainsmanyResinCanals.
⚫EachResinCanalissurroundedbyalayerofGlandularEpithelial
CellsthatSecreteTurpentine.
⚫TheInnerParenchymaCellsarrangedinSingleLayercalled
Endodermis.
STELE
⚫Itisaconductivetissueconsistsof
▪Pericycleand
▪VascularTissue.
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31. INTERNAL STRUCTURE
T.S OF PINUS YOUNG STEM
⚫ThePericycleisaMulticellularandFewLayeredanditenclosesthe
vasculartissue.
⚫TheVascularTissueconsistsof5-8VascularBundlesSeparatedby
MedullaryRays.
⚫TheVascularBundlesarearrangedinaRing.
⚫EachVascularBundleisOpeninwhichtheCambiumisPresent
BetweenXylemandPhloem.
⚫EachVascularBundleisCollateralinwhichtheXylemandPhloem
arrangedinSameRadius.
XYLEM
⚫Xylemismadeupof
▪Tracheidsand
▪Xylemparenchyma
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32. INTERNAL STRUCTURE
T.S OF PINUS YOUNG STEM
⚫Xylemconsistsof
▪Protoxylemand
▪Metaxylem
⚫XylemisEndarchinwhichthemetaxylemtowardoutsideandthe
protoxylemtowardinsideofStem.
PHLOEM
⚫Phloemismadeupof
▪SieveCells
▪SievePlatesand
▪PhloemParenchyma.
PITH
⚫ItisaTissuePresentattheCentre
⚫ItismadeupofParenchymaCellsconnectedwithcortexby
MedullaryRays.
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33. INTERNAL STRUCTURE
T.S OF PINUS OLD STEM
T.SOFOLDSTEMOF
PINUS(Or)SECONDARY
GROWTHOFPINUSSTEM
TheT.Sof(Secondary
Growth)PinusOldStemshows
Bark
Secondary Cortex
Vascular Tissue and
Pith
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34. INTERNAL STRUCTURE
T.S OF PINUS OLD STEM
BARK
⚫It is an Outer Most Dead Cork Tissue.
⚫It is Formed from Cork Cambium or Phellogen Towards Outside.
⚫Cork Cambium or Phellogen is a Lateral Meristematic Tissue formed
from the outer cells of Cortex during Secondary Growth.
SECONDARY CORTX
⚫It is Present Below the Bark.
⚫It is made up of Parenchyma Cells.
⚫Some cells Filled with Tannin.
⚫It also contains some Resin Canal.
⚫It is Formed from Cork Cambium or Phellogen Towards Inside.
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35. INTERNAL STRUCTURE
T.S OF PINUS OLD STEM
VASCULARTISSUE
Itconsistsof
▪PrimaryPhloem
▪SecondaryPhloem
▪SecondaryXylemand
▪PrimaryXylem
PRIMARYPHLOEM
⚫ItisFormedfromCambiumofVascularBundleTowardsOutside
duringPrimaryGrowth.
⚫ItisCrushedduringSecondaryGrowth.
⚫CambiumisaLateralMeristematicTissuepresentbetweenXylem
andPhloemofVascularBundle
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36. INTERNAL STRUCTURE
T.S OF PINUS OLD STEM
SECONDARY PHLOEM
⚫TheSecondaryPhloemformedfromCambialRingtowardsoutside
duringSecondaryGrowth
⚫Itconsistsof
▪SieveTubesand
▪PhloemParenchyma
⚫TheCambialRingisaLateralMeristematicTissueformedfromthe
extensionofIntrafascicularCambiumofVascularBundlesandjoins
toformcontinuousRingcalledCambialduringSecondaryGrowth
SECONDARY XYLEM
⚫TheSecondaryXylemisalsocalledWood
⚫TheSecondaryXylemformedfromCambialRingtowardsinside
duringSecondaryGrowth
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37. INTERNAL STRUCTURE
T.S OF PINUS OLD STEM
⚫Itconsistsof
▪Tracheidsand
▪XylemParenchyma
⚫ItisTransversebySecondaryMedullaryRays.
PRIMARYXYLEM
⚫ItisformedfromcambiumofvascularbundleduringPrimaryGrowth
⚫ItisEndarch
PITH
⚫ItisaTissuepresentattheCentre.
⚫ItisMadeupofsmallandParenchymatousCells.
⚫ManycellsfilledwithTannin.
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38. PINUS
REPRODUCTION
REPRODUCTION OFPINUS(or)
ASEXUALREPRODUCTION OFPINUS(or)
REPRODUCTION OFSPOROPHYTIC BODYOFPINUS
⚫ThePlantBodyofPinusisaDiploidSporophyte
⚫ItReproducesAsexuallybySporesthroughtheSpecialStructurecalled
Cones.
⚫ConesareTwotypes
▪MaleConeand
▪FemaleCone
⚫PinusisUnisexualieMaleandfemaleConesareSeparated
⚫PinusisaHeterosporesieitproducestwotypesofsporesnamely
▪Microsporesand
▪Megaspores.
⚫PinusisaMonoeciousandieMaleandfemaleConesareproducedin
SeparatedbranchesoftheSamePlant
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39. ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION OF PINUS
.
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PINUS (2n)
MALE CONE FEMALE CONE
POLLENS (n)
(MICROSPORES) MEGASPORES (n)
MICROSPOROPHYLLS MEGASPOROPHYLLS
MICROSPORANGIA
OVULES
(MEGASPORANGIA)
MICROSPORE MOTHER CELLS (2n)
MEGASPORE MOTHER CELL (2n)

40. PINUS
REPRODUCTION
MALECONE
⚫ItisaMaleReproductiveOrganandalso
calledStaminateStrobilus.
⚫MaleConesareformedinClustersinthe
axilsofScaleLeavesattheTipofLongShoot.
⚫EachConehasCentralConeAxiswith
NumerousSpirallyArrangedMicrosporophylls
⚫EachMicrosporophyllhasasmall
StalkwithterminalLeafyExpansion.
⚫EachMicrosporophyllProducesTwoMicrosporangiaonitslower
side.
⚫TheMicrosporangiumconsistsof
▪ArchesporialCellsand
▪MicrosporangialWall
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41. PINUS -MALE CONE
.
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42. PINUS
REPRODUCTION
⚫TheInnerArchesporialCellsdividestoformmanyMicrospore
MotherCells(PollenMotherCells)
⚫TheOuterMicrosporangialWallisMultilayeredinwhichthe
InnermostLayeriscalledTapetum
⚫Later,EachMicrosporeMotherCellundergoesMeiosistoform
FourHaploidWingedPollens(Microspores).
⚫ThePollenDevelopsintoMaleGametophytes.
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43. PINUS
REPRODUCTION
.
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MICROSPORES (POLLENS)
TheMicrosporesareSmall,SphericalandUnicellular.
EachMicrosporeconsistsof
MicrosporeWalland
Protoplasm.

44. PINUS
REPRODUCTION
⚫TheouterMicrosporewallisoftwolayered,namely
▪OuterExineand
▪InnerIntine.
⚫TheInnerProtoplasmcontainsMoreCytoplasmandaHaploid
Nucleus
⚫TheOuterExineisRigid,madeupofCutinanditExpandsLateral
SidestoformTwoWings.
⚫TheOuterExineisnotContinuousanditLeaveaGapiscalled
PollenPore.
⚫TheInnerIntineisElastic,ContinuousandmadeupofCelluloseand
itExtentOutwardstoformPollenTubeduringPollenGermination.
⚫WingsareUsedfortheDispersalPollenbyWind.
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45. PINUS
REPRODUCTION
FEMALECONE
⚫ItisaFemaleReproductiveOrgan
andalsocalledOvulateStrobilus.
⚫FemaleconesareformedinFewinthe
axilsofScaleLeavesattheBaseofLong
Shoot.
⚫EachConehasCentralConeAxiswith
NumerousSpirallyArrangedMegasporophylls
⚫EachMegasporophyllhasTwokindsofScales,namely
▪BractScaleand
▪OvuliferousScale
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46. PINUS -FEMALE CONE
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47. PINUS
REPRODUCTION
⚫TheBractScaleisSmall,Thin,Membranousanddevelopsfrom
ConeAxis.
⚫TheOvuliferousScaleisStout,Thick,Woodyanddevelopsfrom
thebaseofuppersurfaceofBractScale.
⚫TheOvuliferousScaleproducesTwoMegasporangiaorOvulesat
thebaseonitsuppersurface
⚫TheMegasporangiumproducesonlyoneFunctionalMegaspore.
⚫TheMegasporedevelopsintoFemaleGametophytewithinthe
Ovule.
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48. PINUS
STRCTURE OF OVULE
STRCTUREOFOVULE
⚫TheMegasporangiumorOvuleconsistsof
▪Integumentand
▪Nucellus
⚫TheOuterIntegumentismadeupofThreeLayered,namely
▪OuterFleshyLayer
▪MiddleStonyLayerand
▪InnerFleshyLayer.
⚫TheInnerNucellusisaNutritiveTissue.
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49. PINUS-OVULE
.
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50. PINUS
STRCTURE OF OVULE
⚫TheIntegumentLeavesanOpeningiscalledMicropyle
⚫DuringtheDevelopmentofOvule,acellinNucellusnearto
MicropyleisDifferentiateandactasMegasporeMotherCell
⚫TheMegasporeMotherCellundergoesMeiosistoformFourHaploid
MegasporesinLinearTetrads.
⚫Inwhich,ThreeMegasporesareDisintegratetowardsMicropyleand
RemainingOneisFunctional.
⚫TheFunctionalMegasporedevelopsintoFemaleGametophytewith
intheOvule.
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51. GAMETOPHYTIC BODY OF PINUS
STRUCTURE and REPRODUCTION
GAMETOPHYTIC BODY
⚫TheGametophyticBodyofPinusisSmallandHaploid
⚫TheGametophyticBodyofPinusisDioeciousinwhichtheMaleand
FemaleGametophyticBodiesareSeparated.
REPRODUCTION OFGAMETOPHYTIC BODY
⚫TheGametophyticBodyReproducesbySexualMethod.
SEXUALREPRODUCTION
⚫SexualReproductionisOogamoustype.
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52. SEXUAL REPRODUCTION OF PINUS
.
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EMBRYO
MALE GAMETOPHYTE FEMALE GAMETOPHYTE
ARCHEGONIA
ZYGOTE
EGG
SPERM
SEED

53. GAMETOPHYTIC BODY
-SEXUAL REPRODUCTION OF PINUS
STRUCTURE OF MALE GAMETOPHYTE
MALEGAMETOPHYTE
⚫MicrosporeorPollenGerminatesintoMaleGametophyte.
⚫ThedevelopmentofMaleGametophyte startsinsidethe
MicrosporangiumorPollenSacandendsonthesurfaceofNucellus.
⚫ThePollenFirstdividestoformaSmallFirstProthallialCellanda
LargeCell
⚫TheLargeCellfurtherdividestoformaSecondProthallialCellanda
LargeAntheridialCell
⚫TheAntheridialCellfurtherdividesintoaGenerativeCellandaTube
Cell.
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54. DEVELOPMENT OF MALE GAMETOPHYTE
.
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LARGE
CELL
PROTHALLIAL
CELL-II
GENERATIVE
CELL
TUBE CELLANTHERIDIAL
CELL
STALK CELL
PROTHALLIAL
CELL-IPOLLEN
BODY
CELL
SPERM
SPERM

55. STRUCTURE OF MALE
GAMETOPHYTE
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•Inthis4-CelledCondition,
thePollenReleasedfrom
theMicrosporangium of
MaleConeandtransferto
theOvulebyWind,this
processcalledPollination.
•AtthetimeofPollination,
theNucellussecretes
mucilagePollinationDrops
thatReceivesandBrings
thePollensintoPollen
Chamber.

56. GAMETOPHYTIC BODY
-SEXUAL REPRODUCTION OF PINUS
STRUCTURE OF MALE GAMETOPHYTE
⚫FurtherdevelopmentofPollentakesplaceontheNucellusbythe
formationofPollenTube.
⚫ThePollenTubePenetratestheNucellusandgrowstowardsthe
ArchegoniumbythedirectionofTubeCell.
⚫Atthesametime,theGenerativeCelldividesintoBodyCellanda
StalkCell,theyalsoenteredintopollentube.
⚫Finally,aweekbeforetheFertilizationtheBodyCelldividesintotwo
unequalMaleGametescalledSperms.
⚫TheSpermsareSmallHaploid,ShortLivedandNon-MotileMale
Gametes.
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57. GAMETOPHYTIC BODY
-SEXUAL REPRODUCTION OF PINUS
STRUCTURE OF FEMALE GAMETOPHYTE
FEMALEGAMETOPHYTE
⚫TheMegasporeGerminatesintoFemaleGametophyte.
⚫ThedevelopmentofFemaleGametophytetakesplaceinsidethe
NucellusofMegasporangiumorOvule.
⚫TheMegasporedividesbyMitotictoformFemaleGametophyte
Consistsof2000Cells.
⚫TheMatureFemaleGametophyteproduces3to5FemaleSexOrgans
calledArchegoniatowardstheMicropylarend.
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58. PINUS-FEMALE GAMETOPHYTE
.
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59. GAMETOPHYTIC BODY
-SEXUAL REPRODUCTION OF PINUS
STRUCTURE OF FEMALE GAMETOPHYTE
ARCHEGONIA
⚫ArchegoniaareFemaleSexOrgans
⚫ArchegoniaareEmbeddedinFemaleGametophytetowardsthe
Micropylarend.
⚫EachArchegoniumisFlaskShapeanditconsistsof
▪Venterand
▪Neck
⚫VenterisaBasalSwollenPartandithas
▪AVentralCanalCelland
▪AEgg
⚫EggisHaploidandNon-MotileFemaleGamete.
⚫NeckisaShortUpperPartHasNoNeckCanalCell.
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60. GAMETOPHYTIC BODY
-SEXUAL REPRODUCTION OF PINUS
POLLINATION
POLLINATION
⚫TheProcessofTransferofPollens(Microspores)from
MicrosporangiaofMaleConestoOvules(Megasporangia)inPinusis
calledPollination.
⚫InPinus,thePollinationistakeplacebyWind.So,itiscalled
Anemophillous.
⚫AfterMature,theMaleConesReleasesEnormousYellowColoured
PollensintotheAir,itisLookLikeSulphurRain.
⚫AfterMature,theFemaleConesallowsthePollensBetween
MegasporophyllsbytheElongationofConeAxis.
⚫AttheSameTime,theNucellusofMatureOvuleSecretesMucilage
PollinationDropsthroughtheMicropylethatReceivesandBringthe
PollensintoPollenChamber.
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61. GAMETOPHYTIC BODY
-SEXUAL REPRODUCTION OF PINUS
FERTILIZATION
FERTILIZATION
⚫FertilizationtakesplaceafteroneyearofPollination.
⚫ThePollenTubecarriestheTubeCell,StalkCelland2Spermsinto
theArchegonium.
⚫TheTipofPollenTubeisDissolveandDischargedthecontentinto
theVenterofArchegonium.
⚫OneoftheFunctionalSpermfusewithEggtoformDiploidZygote.
⚫TheTubeCell,StalkCellandtheSecondSpermDegenerateand
Disappear.
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62. GAMETOPHYTIC BODY
-SEXUAL REPRODUCTION OF PINUS
DEVELOPMENT OF EMBRYO
.
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DEVELOPMENT OFEMBRYO
•TheZygotedevelopsthick
walltoformOospore.
•TheOosporedividesFour
TimesbyMitosistoform16
celledPro-Embryo.
•The16cellsPro-Embryo
arrangedin4TiersofFour
Cellseach.

63. GAMETOPHYTIC BODY
-SEXUAL REPRODUCTION OF PINUS
DEVELOPMENT OF EMBRYO
⚫TheFourthInnerMostTieriscalledEmbryonicTierinwhichthefour
cellsareseparateanddevelopsintofourembryo,thisconditionis
calledPolyembryonyandalsocalledCleavagePolyembryony.
⚫TheThirdTieriscalledSuspensorTierinwhichthecellselongate
andpushtheembryointotheFemaleGametophyticbodyor
Endosperm.
⚫TheMatureEmbryoisStraightandconsistsof
▪Radicle
▪Plumule and
▪Many Cotyledons.
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64. GAMETOPHYTIC BODY
-SEXUAL REPRODUCTION OF PINUS
SEED
.
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SEED
•TheFertilizedOvuleofPinusiscalledSeed
•TheSeedhasastraightEmbryosurroundedbyEndospermand
aSeedCoat.

65. GAMETOPHYTIC BODY
-SEXUAL REPRODUCTION OF PINUS
SEED
⚫TheMatureEmbryoconsistsof10-18Cotyledons,aPlumule,a
RadicleandaHypocotyl.
⚫TheFemaleGametophytethatprovidesfoodforthedevelopmentof
Embryo.
⚫SeedCoatisformedfromtheIntegumentofOvule
⚫ThePinusseedhasWingsitsderivedfromtheOvuliferousScalethat
usedforSeedDispersal.
⚫TheseedgerminationisHypogealorHypocotylinPinus.
⚫Duringseedgermination,theradiclegivestaproottheplumulegives
shootofunlimitedgrowthwithprimarypineneedleleavesand
cotyledonsretainunderthesoil
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66. LIFE CYCLE OF PINUS
LIFECYCLE
⚫LifeCycleiscalledAlternationsofGeneration.
⚫ItconsistsofTwoBodiesnamely
▪SporophyticBodyand
▪GametophyticBody
⚫InwhichthesporesproducingSporophyticbodyandgametes
producingGametophyticbodyareDependseachotherandAlternate
withoneanother.
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67. LIFE CYCLE OF PINUS
.
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MALE CONE FEMALE CONE
POLLENS (n)
(MICROSPORES)
MEGASPORES (n)
EMBRYO
MALE GAMETOPHYTE
(n)
FEMALE GAMETOPHYTE
(n)
ARCHEGONIA
ZYGOTE
(2n)
EGG SPERM
SEED
MICROSPOROPHYLLS
MEGASPOROPHYLLS
MICROSPORANGIA
OVULES
(MEGASPORANGIA)
SPOROPHYTIC BODY (2n)
(PINUS -PLANT BODY)