5. ACNE AND ACNEIFORM ERUPTIONS.ppt slid share

Dermatology

1. ACNE AND ACNEIFORM
ERUPTIONS
Dr. Owen Ngalamika

2. •Acne vulgaris is one of the most common
dermatologic conditions worldwide
•The pilosebaceous unit made up of a follicle,
sebaceous gland, and a vellus hair is the target
organ affected in acne
•The face, chest, and back are areas with the
greatest concentration of pilosebaceous follicles,
corresponding to areas most commonly affected
by acne lesions

3. •The primary lesion is the microcomedo
which is a result of obstruction of the
sebaceous follicles by sebum and
abnormally differentiated and
desquamated keratinocytes that may
produce large comedones
•There can be white or black comedones
depending on whether they are exposed to
the atmosphere or not

7. Pathophysiologic factors in acne
•Blockage of the pilosebaceous duct
•Inflammation (inflammatory events may precede
the hyperkeratinization of the follicle)
•Sebaceous gland hyperplasia with excess
sebum production
•Altered follicular epithelial growth and
differentiation
•Propionebacterium acnes colonization of the
follicle

8. Acne subtypes
•Acne vulgaris (most common form)
•Neonatal acne
•Infantile acne
•Perioral dermatitis
•Acne rosacea
•Acne conglobata
•Pyoderma faciale

9. Topical therapy
•Retinoids are the single most important
topical medications used to treat acne
(e.g. adapalene, tazarotene, and tretinoin):
12 weeks may be required for maximum
benefit
•Benzoyl peroxide
•Topical antibiotics (erythromycin,
clindamycin)
•Αlpha-hydroxy acids and salicylic acid

10. Oral antibiotic therapy
•Antibiotics are indicated in patients with
inflammatory lesions (red papules,
pustules, or nodules) of moderate to
severe grade
•Tetracyclines and macrolides are most
effective
•Antibiotics should never be used as
monotherapy in acne (antibiotic
resistance)

11. Systemic retinoid therapy
•Isotretinoin is the mainstay of therapy for
severe acne
•It is indicated for patients with severe,
scarring, nodulocystic acne and those with
moderate to severe acne who have failed
an adequate trial (3 to 6 months) of
conventional therapy
•It should be used as monotherapy and can
be given for 5 to 6 months

12. Thanks