5.formal informal comm channels

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1. CHANNELS OF COMMUNICATION FORMAL AND INFORMAL COMMUNICATION

2. Formal communication The process of sharing official information with others who need to know it, according to the prescribed patterns depicted in an organization chart .

3. Formal Communication President Vice President Vice President Manager Manager Manager Manager Efforts at coordination Information Instructions and directives

4. Types of Formal Communication Downward communication : Supervisory communication initiated by upper management Flows downward through hierarchy of command Instructions, directions, orders Upward communication : Flow of information from lower levels to higher levels within an organization in the form of data required to complete projects status reports suggestions for improvement, new ideas

5. Horizontal communication Communication between two or more persons who are working at the same level. It seeks coordination and cooperation Diagonal Communication flowing between people belonging to different levels of hierarchy and having no direct reporting relationship. It quickens the information flow and improves understanding

6. Formal Communication Modes TYPE OF FORMAL COMMUNICATION MODE USED Downward Memo, Letters, Handbooks, Pamphlets, Policy statements, Procedures Upward Reports, complaints and suggestions, open door policy etc Horizontal/Lateral interdepartmental meetings and written communications Diagonal/Crosswise company newspaper or magazine, Bulletin boards, General notices, Formal conferences

7. Informal Communication Information shared without any formally imposed obligations or restrictions Deviation from the planned communication Based on personal relations Usually follows through an informal Chat or Grapevine

8. 11/18/2003 Informal Networks: Grapevine Y D C B A Chain A J B D H I K F G E C Gossip A F B D J H C E K G I X Probability A C D F J I B Cluster

9. Chain every member passes on information, but to just one person Gossip one person passes on information to all the others that he encounters Probability Chain no structure A is very talkative and outgoing type, passes on information to random contacts Cluster information is passed on to selected persons most common pattern selectivity: pass on information to people with whom you are in close contact