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1. Q2 MODULE 1: FREEDOM AND RESPONSIBILITY

2. QUESTIONS 1. What is the story all about? 2. What are the consequences did he have to face as a result of his actions? 3. Has he accepted responsibility for his actions? How? 4. What is the moral lesson of the story?

3. FREEDOM the power or right to act, speak, or think as one wants without  hindrance  or  restraint . The emphasis is on understanding freedom importantly the dynamism of choices and consequences. As learners who will face bigger decisions soon, it is important to see how your choices are made.

4. RESPONSIBILITY the state or fact of having a duty to deal with something or of having control over someone.

5. OBLIGATIONS an act or course of action to which a person is  morally   or legally bound; a duty or commitment.

6. CONSEQUENCES a result or effect of an action or condition.

7. The most fundamental personal freedoms are the  freedom of speech, expression, movement, thought, consciousness, religion and the right to a private life . 

8. According to John Mothershead , freedom and obligation are two indispensable conditions for morality to occur. Freedom is understood to be present when one is choosing a course of action, and he or she is taking full responsibility for consequence of his actions. Importantly, this is anchored to the individual’s moral and rational capacity to discern what is right and wrong.

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10. Freedom – one of the most abused and misunderstood words during these times. A well-loved concept which ancestors fought for, yet poorly understood by the present generation. There is always something in being free. People associate freedom with one’s ability to do whatever he or she wants to do.

11. Some claim to be free means to do anything, regardless of their actions’ consequences. Some say freedom is the ability to exercise one’s will towards the good. Others even say there is no such thing as freedom – that we are governed by natural law.

12. Question: Do you make decisions based on their impending consequences or you simply do it because it is what the present situation is asking from us?

13. HUMAN ACTIONS VS ACTS OF MAN Acts of man are actions shared by humans and other animals. Human acts refer to the appropriate actions of human beings. What makes an act performed by a human being distinctively a human act is that it is voluntary, that is, an act in some way under the control or direction of the will, which is proper to man.

14. Voluntary Actions - these are acts originating from the individual performing the act using knowledge about the situations of the act. Aristotle’s Distinction of Voluntary and Involuntary Actions

15. Classifications of Voluntary Actions A. Voluntary – actions are performed from will and reason. B. Related to Compulsion - it is considered as mixed of voluntary and involuntary. It is more voluntary if the desire and choice has been performed and involuntary if it has considered preferences or alternatives. Example: You are asked to perform a crime and your options are; either you do it and your family survives or you don’t do it but they will be murdered.

16. You kidnap a child because you wanted to. Related to Compulsion You kidnap a child because you don’t do it your family will be murdered. Voluntary Action Voluntary Action Related to Compulsion

17. Classifications of Involuntary Actions A. Under Compulsion – circumstances which are beyond the control of the agent and contributes none to the action. Example: A person was kidnapped, hence impossible to resist. B. Through Ignorance of Particular Circumstances. Example: a man steals and ignorant of the law, arrow or gun shot by mistake.

18. Involuntary Actions – are acts done under a) force or coercion and b). ignorance where the doer failed to understand the effect and feels sorry on the result.

19. A person was kidnapped, hence impossible to resist. Arrow or gun shot by mistake. Involuntary action Under Compulsion Involuntary action Through Ignorance of Particular Circumstances.

20. FOUR TYPES OF ACTION 1. Clearly voluntary actions 2. Actions which are voluntary yet influenced by compulsion 3. Actions did beyond the control of an agent. 4. Actions did out of ignorance of a circumstances

21. Jims Story

22. Jim is a man down on his luck looking for work at a local dockyard. It just so happens there is a merchant ship leaving soon for America who are looking for crew. Jim decides to join up. Jims Story Would we say Jim’s action is voluntary ? Why?

23. Whilst sailing for America, the ship is caught in a terrible storm. The ship is blown far off course and the crew is no longer able to deliver their goods on time. Jims Story 2 What would we say about Jim’s situation (as a member of the crew) in this case?

24. Unfortunately the storm gets worse and worse. Jim makes the decision to start throwing some of the cargo overboard in an effort to make the ship lighter and avoid sinking. Jims Story 3 Was Jim acting voluntarily here? Why?

25. One of the boxes that Jim threw overboard happened to contain some extremely valuable (yet heavy) gold statues. Jim was unaware of this as it was not on the ships manifest. Yet when told he doesn’t regret the action. It was pulling the ship down! Jims Story 4 What can we say about Jim’s action here? Why?

26. 1. In our first example, Aristotle would argue that Jim’s actions are voluntary . This is because he made the internal decision to take the job on the ship, and this was reflected in his actions. 4 Different Types of Action 3. In our third example we might say that Jim is acting in a mixed way (both involuntarily and voluntarily). It was never his long-term intention to dump the cargo, but unfortunately the origin of the action did lie within him, as he made the decision in order to save their lives. 4. Aristotle classes this action as non-voluntary , whilst Jim was ignorant of all the facts when he carried the action out, he doesn’t regret doing it. This seems to show that had Jim known about the statues, he still would have thrown the box overboard. 2. The second example is simple, Jim had no choice in his actions. Despite what he (and the rest of the crew may have wanted) they have ended up miles from their intended course, their action is definitely involuntary.

27. Jim is a man down on his luck looking for work at a local dockyard. It just so happens there is a merchant ship leaving soon for America who are looking for crew. Jim decides to join up. 1. In our first example, Aristotle would argue that Jim’s actions are voluntary . This is because he made the internal decision to take the job on the ship, and this was reflected in his actions.

28. Whilst sailing for America, the ship is caught in a terrible storm. The ship is blown far off course and the crew is no longer able to deliver their goods on time. 2. The second example is simple, Jim had no choice in his actions. Despite what he (and the rest of the crew may have wanted) they have ended up miles from their intended course, their action is definitely involuntary under compulsion

29. Unfortunately the storm gets worse and worse. Jim makes the decision to start throwing some of the cargo overboard in an effort to make the ship lighter and avoid sinking. 3. In our third example we might say that Jim is acting in a mixed way (both involuntarily and voluntarily) related to compulsion. It was never his long-term intention to dump the cargo, but unfortunately the origin of the action did lie within him, as he made the decision in order to save their lives.

30. One of the boxes that Jim threw overboard happened to contain some extremely valuable (yet heavy) gold statues. Jim was unaware of this as it was not on the ships manifest. Yet when told he doesn’t regret the action. It was pulling the ship down! 4. Aristotle classes this action as non-voluntary through ignorance , whilst Jim was ignorant of all the facts when he carried the action out, he doesn’t regret doing it. This seems to show that had Jim known about the statues, he still would have thrown the box overboard.

31. Responses

32. Intellectual choice usually refers to answers for hypothetical moral issues. Practical choice usually pertains to choices for an actual moral dilemma. Involuntary actions are excused from moral examination. Without freedom, obligation does not exist.

33. Answer the following questions in a one whole sheet of paper. 1. In this situation what are you going to do? 2. Considering your choice. How do you categorized this choice; Practical or Intellectual Choice explain your answer. 3.Was there freedom on your part in facing the situation? 4. What are your considerations for saying that your choice is the right thing?