548626620-Planning-Emerging-Theories.pdf

Planning Emerging Theories

1. Arch 231 EMERGING THEORIES
EMERGING THEORIES
PART 1 : PUDs EUDs TODs & TNDs

2. Arch 231 EMERGING THEORIES
SPRAWL
Suburban Sprawl
brought about by:
the automobile
the industrial revolution
petroleum interests
early urban design
movements

3. Arch 231 EMERGING THEORIES
mortgage systems
shortsightedness of
civic officials
voracity of developers
the “American Dream”
SPRAWL
Suburban Sprawl
brought about by:

4. Arch 231 EMERGING THEORIES
SUBURBAN SPRAWL
Suburban patterns

5. Arch 231 EMERGING THEORIES
Landscapes dominated by
parking lots….
SUBURBAN SPRAWL

6. Arch 231 EMERGING THEORIES
…and strip malls
SUBURBAN SPRAWL

7. Arch 231 EMERGING THEORIES
SUBURBAN SPRAWL
…and strip malls

8. Arch 231 EMERGING THEORIES
SUBURBAN SPRAWL
…and strip malls

9. Arch 231 EMERGING THEORIES
Cities, towns, districts, and
neighborhoods connected by
a maze of freeways
SUBURBAN SPRAWL

10. Arch 231 EMERGING THEORIES
Disrupted districts
SUBURBAN SPRAWL

11. Arch 231 EMERGING THEORIES
Suburban developments at
the edge of freeways
Low-density monotonous
suburban developments
SUBURBAN SPRAWL

12. Arch 231 EMERGING THEORIES
SUBURBAN SPRAWL
Suburban developments at
the edge of freeways
Low-density monotonous
suburban developments

13. Arch 231 EMERGING THEORIES
SUBURBAN SPRAWL
Suburban developments at
the edge of freeways
Low-density monotonous
suburban developments

14. Arch 231 EMERGING THEORIES
The garage becomes the
main feature of suburban
homes
SUBURBAN SPRAWL

15. Arch 231 EMERGING THEORIES
The garage becomes the
main feature of suburban
homes
SUBURBAN SPRAWL

16. Arch 231 EMERGING THEORIES
SUBURBAN SPRAWL
The garage becomes the
main feature of suburban
homes

17. Arch 231 EMERGING THEORIES
TRAFFIC!
SUBURBAN SPRAWL

18. Arch 231 EMERGING THEORIES
SEGREGATION
Social segregation
Pedestrian- vehicle
segregation
SUBURBAN SPRAWL

19. Arch 231 EMERGING THEORIES
Suburban Sprawl creates:
an automobile
dominated landscape
economic losses
environmental degradation
a fractured social and cultural fabric
SUBURBAN SPRAWL

20. Arch 231 EMERGING THEORIES
PLANNED UNIT
DEVELOPMENTS
(PUDs)
EMERGING
THEORIES
- descendant of the
Barbican Development

21. Arch 231 EMERGING THEORIES
PUDs usually consists of a
variety of uses, anchored by
commercial establishments
and supported by office and
residential space
PUDs

22. Arch 231 EMERGING THEORIES
Planned unit developments
have a comprehensive
development plan, with
more common than private
space.
A development project that
is owned and maintained
by an association of
property owners (or by the
developer).
PUDs

23. Arch 231 EMERGING THEORIES
PUDs are cluster zones;
areas that are being
intensively developed where
ordinary zoning regulations
can be suspended PUDs

24. Arch 231 EMERGING THEORIES
PUDs
PUDs are cluster zones;
areas that are being
intensively developed where
ordinary zoning regulations
can be suspended

25. Arch 231 EMERGING THEORIES
EMERGING
URBAN
DISTRICTS (EUDs)
New Urban Growth
Centers independent of
CBDs, with mixed uses, and
commonly anchored by
office parks like BPOs or
financial institutions
EMERGING
THEORIES

26. Arch 231 EMERGING THEORIES
TRANSIT ORIENTED
DEVELOPMENTS
(TODs)
a mixed use community with
an average 600 - 700 meter
distance of a transit stop and
commercial core area.

TODs mix residential, retail,
office, open space, and
public uses in a walkable
environment, making it
convenient for residents and
employees to travel by
transit, bicycle, foot, or car.
EMERGING
THEORIES

27. Arch 231 EMERGING THEORIES
located directly on the trunk
line transit network: at light
rail, heavy rail, or express
bus stops. They should be
developed with high
commercial intensities, job
clusters, and moderate to
high residential densities
TODs
URBAN TODs
Optimum density= 18 du / ac

28. Arch 231 EMERGING THEORIES
on a local or feeder bus line
within 10 minutes transit
travel time (no more than 3
miles) from a trunk line
transit stop. They should
place an emphasis on
moderate density
residential, service, retail,
entertainment, civic, and
recreational uses.
NEIGHBORHOOD
TODs
density= 12-15 du / ac
TODs

29. Arch 231 EMERGING THEORIES
The local street system
should be recognizable and
interconnected, converging
to transit stops, core
commercial areas or open
spaces
STREETS and
CIRCULATION
TODs

30. Arch 231 EMERGING THEORIES
Streets must be pedestrian
friendly
A healthy walking
environment can succeed
without transit, but a
transit system can not exist
without pedestrians
TODs
The local street system
should be recognizable and
interconnected, converging
to transit stops, core
commercial areas or open
spaces
STREETS and
CIRCULATION

31. Arch 231 EMERGING THEORIES
TODs should be located to
maximize access to core
commercial areas.
TODs with major
competing retail centers
should be spaced a
minimum of 1 mile apart
and should be distributed to
serve different
neighborhoods.
DISTRIBUTION
TODs

32. Arch 231 EMERGING THEORIES
The most efficient and
practical transit system
TRANSIT SYSTEMS
This can be above
ground, underground, or
along the surface, which
is most economical
LIGHT RAIL / RAPID
TRANSIT
TODs

33. Arch 231 EMERGING THEORIES

34. Arch 231 EMERGING THEORIES
TODs
TRANSIT SYSTEMS
LIGHT RAIL / RAPID
TRANSIT

35. Arch 231 EMERGING THEORIES

36. Arch 231 EMERGING THEORIES
EXPRESS BUS
TODs
TRANSIT SYSTEMS

37. Arch 231 EMERGING THEORIES
TODs
EXPRESS BUS
TRANSIT SYSTEMS

38. Arch 231 EMERGING THEORIES
TODs
HIGH OCCUPANCY
VEHICLES (HOVs)
TRANSIT SYSTEMS

39. Arch 231 EMERGING THEORIES
TRADITIONAL
NEIGHBORHOOD
DEVELOPMENTS
(TNDs)
A complete neighborhood
or town using traditional
town planning principles.

TNDs may occur in infill
settings and involve
adaptive reuse of existing
buildings, but often
involves all-new
construction on previously
undeveloped land.
EMERGING
THEORIES

40. Arch 231 EMERGING THEORIES
TNDs
To qualify as a TND, a
project should include a
range of housing types, a
network of well-connected
streets and blocks, humane
public spaces, and have
amenities such as stores,
schools, and places of
worship within walking
distance of residences.

41. Arch 231 EMERGING THEORIES
EMERGING THEORIES
PART 2 : NEW URBANISM

42. Arch 231 EMERGING THEORIES
NEW URBANISM
Formed by the CONGRESS
for NEW URBANISM
(CNU)
Founders: Andres Duany ,
Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk,
Peter Calthorpe, Peter
Katz, Daniel Solomon,
among others

43. Arch 231 EMERGING THEORIES
“The Congress for the New Urbanism
views disinvestment in central cities,
the spread of placeless sprawl,
increasing separation by race and
income, environmental deterioration,
loss of agricultural lands and
wilderness, and the erosion of society's
built heritage as one interrelated
community-building challenge”.
The CHARTER of
NEW URBANISM

44. Arch 231 EMERGING THEORIES
Cities and towns should be
shaped by physically
defined and universally
accessible public spaces and
community institutions;
PARK GREEN
SQUARE PLAZA
We advocate the
restructuring of public
policy and development
practices to support the
following principles:
The CHARTER of
NEW URBANISM

45. Arch 231 EMERGING THEORIES
Urban places should be
framed by architecture and
landscape design that
celebrate local history,
climate, ecology, and
building practice.
The CHARTER of
NEW URBANISM
We advocate the
restructuring of public
policy and development
practices to support the
following principles:

46. Arch 231 EMERGING THEORIES
Infill development which
conserves environmental
resources, economic
investment, and the social
fabric, while reclaiming
marginal and abandoned
areas, should be
encouraged.
The CHARTER of
NEW URBANISM
We advocate the
restructuring of public
policy and development
practices to support the
following principles:

47. Arch 231 EMERGING THEORIES
Cities and towns should
bring into proximity a
broad spectrum of public
and private uses to support
a regional economy that
benefits people of all
incomes.
The CHARTER of
NEW URBANISM
We advocate the
restructuring of public
policy and development
practices to support the
following principles:

48. Arch 231 EMERGING THEORIES
Affordable housing should
be distributed throughout
the region to match job
opportunities and to avoid
concentrations of poverty.
The CHARTER of
NEW URBANISM
We advocate the
restructuring of public
policy and development
practices to support the
following principles:

49. Arch 231 EMERGING THEORIES
The NEIGHBORHOOD,
the DISTRICT, & the
CORRIDOR
neighborhoods are
urbanized areas with a
balanced mix of human
activity
districts are areas
dominated by a single
activity
corridors are connectors
and separators of
neighborhoods and districts
these three are the
fundamental organizing
elements of New Urbanism

50. Arch 231 EMERGING THEORIES
The STREET, the
BLOCK, & the
BUILDING
streets are not the dividing
lines within a city, but are
to be communal rooms and
passages
blocks are the field on
which unfolds both the
building fabric and the
public realm of the city
buildings are the smallest
increment of growth in the
city
the form of New Urbanism
is realized by the deliberate
assembly of streets, blocks,
and buildings

51. Arch 231 EMERGING THEORIES
The neighborhood has a
discernible center and/ or a
focal point
Most of the dwellings are
within a five-minute walk
of the center, an average of
roughly 600 to 700 meters
(2,000 feet)
NEW URBANISM
GUIDELINES

52. Arch 231 EMERGING THEORIES
Within neighborhoods, a
broad range of housing
types and price levels can
bring people of diverse
ages, races, and incomes
into daily interaction,
strengthening the personal
and civic bonds essential to
an authentic community.
NEW URBANISM
GUIDELINES

53. Arch 231 EMERGING THEORIES
A mix of land uses should
be provided for energy
efficiency and practical
convenience
NEW URBANISM
GUIDELINES

54. Arch 231 EMERGING THEORIES
A grid pattern disperses
traffic by providing a variety
of pedestrian and vehicular
routes to any destination
Interconnected networks of
streets should be designed
to encourage walking,
reduce the number and
length of automobile trips,
and conserve energy.
NEW URBANISM
GUIDELINES

55. Arch 231 EMERGING THEORIES
Schools should be sized and
located to enable children to
walk or bicycle to them.
NEW URBANISM
GUIDELINES

56. Arch 231 EMERGING THEORIES
A range of parks, from tot-
lots and village greens to
ballfields and community
gardens, should be
distributed within
neighborhoods
NEW URBANISM
GUIDELINES

57. Arch 231 EMERGING THEORIES
Streets and sidewalks
should be covered with
rows of trees and other
landscaping elements that
provide shade to
pedestrians and create an
overall pleasant
environment
On-street parallel parking
should be encouraged
NEW URBANISM
GUIDELINES

58. Arch 231 EMERGING THEORIES
Sidewalks should be wide,
at least 3.0 meters, and free
from dangerous
obstructions except for
landscaping elements and
street furniture that invite
pedestrians to sit.
Storefronts should be built
close to the sidewalk, with
wide window openings and
visible entrances that are
inviting to the pedestrian
NEW URBANISM
GUIDELINES

59. Arch 231 EMERGING THEORIES
Buildings in the
neighborhood center are
placed close to the street,
creating a well-defined
“outdoor room”.
Prominent sites at the
termination of street vistas
or in the neighborhood
center are reserved for civic
buildings.
NEW URBANISM
GUIDELINES

60. Arch 231 EMERGING THEORIES
Parking lots and garage
doors should not front the
street. Parking is relegated
to underground, to multi-
level structures, or to the
rear of buildings, accessed
by alleys.
NEW URBANISM
GUIDELINES

61. Arch 231 EMERGING THEORIES
Where there are bays, lakes,
and rivers, build facing the
water
NEW URBANISM
GUIDELINES

62. Arch 231 EMERGING THEORIES
The neighborhood is
organized to be self-
governing. A formal
association debates and
decides matters of
maintenance, security and
physical change. NEW URBANISM
GUIDELINES

63. Arch 231 EMERGING THEORIES
Fosters a strong sense of
community with a variety
of dwelling units built
close to each other,
complete neighborhood
amenities, open spaces,
terminating vistas, etc.
•  Walton County, Florida
•  80 acres
•  DPZ architects
SEASIDE
CASE STUDIES

64. Arch 231 EMERGING THEORIES

65. Arch 231 EMERGING THEORIES
Terminating vistas give
importance to public
buildings.
Architectural guidelines
include the requirement for
porches facing the road
CASE STUDIES
•  Walton County, Florida
•  80 acres
•  DPZ architects
SEASIDE

66. Arch 231 EMERGING THEORIES
CASE STUDIES
•  Walton County, Florida
•  80 acres
•  DPZ architects
SEASIDE
Terminating vistas give
importance to public
buildings.
Architectural guidelines
include the requirement for
porches facing the road

67. Arch 231 EMERGING THEORIES
•  Sacramento County,
California

•  1,045 acres

•  Peter Calthorpe
and Associates
LAGUNA WEST
CASE STUDIES

68. Arch 231 EMERGING THEORIES
A system of public spaces is
the organizing structure of
the community
The town center is located
at the terminus of radial
boulevards which originate
in neighborhood parks
CASE STUDIES
•  Sacramento County,
California

•  1,045 acres

•  Peter Calthorpe
and Associates
LAGUNA WEST

69. Arch 231 EMERGING THEORIES
•  Gaithersburg, Maryland
•  355 acres
•  DPZ architects
KENTLANDS
Contains buildings from
the original Kentlands
farm, many varieties of
residences, a commercial
and civic district, amidst
open space, including
protected natural areas and
pocket parks.
CASE STUDIES

70. Arch 231 EMERGING THEORIES
various residential units
CASE STUDIES
•  Gaithersburg, Maryland
•  355 acres
•  DPZ architects
KENTLANDS

71. Arch 231 EMERGING THEORIES
CASE STUDIES
•  Gaithersburg, Maryland
•  355 acres
•  DPZ architects
KENTLANDS
various residential units

72. Arch 231 EMERGING THEORIES
Neo traditional downtown
CASE STUDIES
•  Gaithersburg, Maryland
•  355 acres
•  DPZ architects
KENTLANDS

73. Arch 231 EMERGING THEORIES
redevelopment plan to
protect historical downtown
from unplanned,
uncontrolled growth
•  Riviera Beach, Florida
•  1600 acres
•  Mark Schimmenti
RIVIERA BEACH
CASE STUDIES

74. Arch 231 EMERGING THEORIES
Redevelopment begins at
the building level…..
CASE STUDIES
•  Riviera Beach, Florida
•  1600 acres
•  Mark Schimmenti
RIVIERA BEACH

75. Arch 231 EMERGING THEORIES
…then at the street level
CASE STUDIES
•  Riviera Beach, Florida
•  1600 acres
•  Mark Schimmenti
RIVIERA BEACH
Redevelopment begins at
the building level…..

76. Arch 231 EMERGING THEORIES
Redevelopment of an
underutilized industrial site
•  San Jose, California
•  75 acres
•  Peter Calthorpe and
Associates
JACKSON
TAYLOR
Design presents three
different block types
CASE STUDIES

77. Arch 231 EMERGING THEORIES
BLOCK 1:
mixed use commercial-
office-residential
BLOCK 2:
high density residential
BLOCK 3:
lower density residential
CASE STUDIES
•  San Jose, California
•  75 acres
•  Peter Calthorpe and
Associates
JACKSON
TAYLOR

78. Arch 231 EMERGING THEORIES
CASE STUDIES
•  San Jose, California
•  75 acres
•  Peter Calthorpe and
Associates
JACKSON
TAYLOR
BLOCK 1:
mixed use commercial-
office-residential
BLOCK 2:
high density residential
BLOCK 3:
lower density residential

79. Arch 231 EMERGING THEORIES
GREEN CITY
•  Metro Manila
•  1000 acres (405 HA)
•  Peter Calthorpe and
Associates
Design client:
Town and Villas, Inc.
CASE STUDIES

80. Arch 231 EMERGING THEORIES
Design completed in 1997
CASE STUDIES
GREEN CITY
•  Metro Manila
•  1000 acres (405 HA)
•  Peter Calthorpe and
Associates
Design client:
Town and Villas, Inc.

81. Arch 231 EMERGING THEORIES
Located between the
foothills of Taal and the
area surrounding Manila
Bay with 2 town centers
within a 10-min walk
DOS RIOS
•  Laguna
•  140 Ha
•  DPZ - Architects
CASE STUDIES

82. Arch 231 EMERGING THEORIES
CASE STUDIES
CAMELLA DOS RIOS
An expansive 20-hectare
Mediterranean-inspired
development. Close to
industrial parks which
house multinational
corporations. The Country
Club Golf Course as well
as Enchanted Kingdom are
just a stone’s throw away.
DOS RIOS

83. Arch 231 EMERGING THEORIES SUBURBAN SPRAWL
TRADITIONAL
NEIGHBORHOODS

84. IMAGES
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