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1. HEAT
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3
RD
GRADE SCIENCE

2. Essential Questions
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What is heat and how is it measured?
How does thermal energy move?
How is thermal energy used?

3. Vocabulary Preview
Temperature
Celsius
Thermal Energy
Heat
Conductor
Insulator
Insulation
Friction

4. What is temperature?
How is it measured?
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Temperature – how hot or cold something is
Temperature can measured with a
thermometer
Temperature can be measured on two scales:
Fahrenheit
Celsius

5. Celsius
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Scientists usually use the Celsius scale
Water boils at 100 degrees C and it
freezes at 0 degrees C

6. Thermal Energy and Heat
Thermal energy – the form of energy that moves particles of
matter
If particles are moving very fast – the temperature is high,
and the particles have more energy
The movement of thermal energy is called heat
Thermal energy flows from hotter to cooler objects

7. Questions:
What happens when you heat up a solid – such as an
ice cube?
What happens when you heat up a liquid?

8. Controlling Thermal
Energy in our bodies
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Sweating – As the sweat on your skin begins to
change into a gas – it carries heat AWAY from
your body. This makes you feel cooler.
Shivering: If you get too cold – you may shiver.
This motion helps warm you up.
People use sweating and shivering to help
control their body temperatures.

9. Controlling Temperature:
_______________________________
People use a thermostat to control the
temperature in a room
Heat
Air-conditioning

10. How Does Thermal Energy Move?
The are 3 ways that thermal energy can move:
1.Thermal energy can move from one particle to
another in a solid.
2.Thermal energy can travel through space.
3.Particles of a gas or liquid can carry thermal
energy from one place to another.

11. Conduction and Conductors
•Conduction: the movement of thermal energy between objects that touch each other
•Example: When you cook food in a pan on the stove, heat moves from the burner, to the pan,
to the food by conduction.

12. Conductors
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Conductor: an object that thermal energy can
move through easily
A pan is used for cooking because it is made of
metal – such as iron or copper.
Thermal energy moves easily through most
metals.

13. Insulators
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Insulator – an object that doesn’t conduct
heat well
Example: When you pick up a hot pan, you
use a potholder because it is a good insulator.
Wood, cloth, and plastic are good insulators.
Air is a good insulator too.

14. Insulation
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Insulation is a material that is used to slow the
movement of heat.
Insulation may be found in:
oWalls of your home
oA thick jacket
oA thermos or cooler

15. Insulation Cont…
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**Thermal energy moves form WARMER objects to COOLER objects.
In winter, insulation helps keep warm air inside a home.
In summer, insulation helps keep hot air from getting into the home.

16. What is friction?
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Friction – a force between moving objects
Friction slows the moving objects and produces
heat.
What are some examples of friction?

17. Ways we use Thermal Energy
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Sitting by a fire to get warm
Taking a warm shower or bath – thermal energy
is used to heat the water
Solar panels on homes—to cool or heat the
home or to power electronics

18. Ways thermal energy can be
produced:
_______________________________
From electricity
Mixing of chemicals
Friction
The sun

19. Vocabulary Review
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Temperature – the measure of how hot or cold something is
Celsius – the metric scale for measuring temperature
Thermal energy – the form of energy that moves particles of matter
Heat – the movement of thermal energy form hotter to cooler objects
Conductor – an object that heat can move through easily

20. Vocabulary Review Cont.
_______________________________
Conduction – the movement of heat between
objects that are touching each other
Insulator – an object that doesn’t conduct
heat well
Insulation – material used to slow the
movement of heat
Friction – a force between two objects that
slows the objects and produces heat

21. Review – Answer the following
questions:
_______________________________
What is heat and how is it measured?
How does thermal energy move?
How is thermal energy used?