5G and 6G.pptx

5g technology

1. 5G & 6G Technology Submitted by: Somaia Al- Bahri Nassmah Al- Matari Fatima Al- Hadi Zahra Rajeh Submitted to: Prof. Ammar Zahary 2023 Sana'a University Faculty of Computer & IT Master Information Technology 2nd semester

2. Contents 01 5 Generation (5G) Evolution from 1G to 6G Introduction to 5G technologies in 5G 02 6 Generation (6G) Introduction to 6G Features Advantages 03 Conclusion Comparison Conclusion

3. 5G

4. Evolution From 1G to 6G

5. 5G TECHNOLOGY (5G As Nano Core) The evolution of 5G has progressed smoothly since 3GPP standardized the first release, Release 15, in the middle of 2018. Release 16 was completed in early July 2020. 10 times more capacity than others. Expected speed up to 1 Gbps. More faster & reliable than 4G. Lower cost than previous generations. Wearable devices. IPv6, where a visiting care of mobile IP address is assigned according to location & connected network. One unified global standard. Smart radio. The user can simultaneously be connected with several wireless access technology.

6. Hardware & Software of 5G 5G Hardware: • Uses UWB (Ultra Wide Band) networks with higher BW at low energy levels • BW is of 400 Mbps, which is 40 times faster than today’s wireless networks • Uses smart antenna • Uses OFDMA 5G Software: • 5G will be single unified standard of different wireless networks, including LAN technologies, LAN/WAN, WWWW- World Wide Wireless Web, unified IP & seamless combination of broadband • Software defined radio, encryption, flexibility, Anti-Virus

7. The most prominent 4 technologies in 5G 1- Millimeter Wave 2- Small Cells 3- Massive MIMO 4- Beamforming

8. Millimeter Wave Higher-Frequency Operation Higher data rates (multi-Gbps) drive the need for greater bandwidth systems, and the available bandwidth in the spectrum up through 6 GHz is not sufficient to satisfy these requirements. This has moved the target operating frequency bands up into the millimeter wave range for the next generation of wireless communication systems. As well as the millimeter wave (mmWave) spectrum at 28 GHz and 39 GHz, showcasing the unified 3GPP-based 5G NR (new radio) design across diverse spectrum bands. High frequencies will provide larger bandwidth availability and smaller antenna dimensions for a fixed gain, or higher gain for a given antenna size. However, this increases modem complexity in baseband and RF designs. Band: (low=600,700&800 MHz), (Mid=2-6 GHz), (High=24.25, 29.5, 37-43.5 GHz) Channel BW =100MHz and 400MHz with mmWave Uplink =10Gbps and Downlink =20Gbps You can move with velocity 500km/ hr and still connected, latency=0.5ms Connected devices= 1 Million per Km square.

9. Features Description Data rate 10 Gbps or higher. Bandwidths 10 subcarriers of 100 MHz each will be able to provide 1GHz bandwidth due to carrier aggregation sub 40 GHz frequency. 500 MHz to 2 GHz bandwidth can be achieved without carrier aggregation. Frequency Bands The bands are split into “less than 40 GHz” and “40GHz to 100 GHz” frequency ranges. Modulation types CP-OFDMA < 40GHz SC > 40GHz Distance coverage 2 meters (indoor) to 300 meters (outdoor). Frame topology TDD Latency About 1 ms MIMO type Massive MIMO is supported. Antennas are small; hence, approximately 16 antenna arrays will be available in 1 square inch. Characteristics of 5G mmWave

10. Small Cells Small Cells and 5G:  5G small cells are base stations that cater to a small segment of a macro site. They are usually deployed in dense urban areas such as downtown, stadiums, train stations, malls, and areas with high data capacity requirements and coverage.

11. Massive MIMO: More Antennas Another key technology for achieving greater spectral efficiency is massive MIMO. Massive MIMO, sometimes referred to as large-scale MIMO, is a form of multiuser MIMO in which the number of antennas at the base station is much larger than the number of devices per signaling resource. The large number of base station antennas relative to user devices results in a channel response that is quasi-orthogonal and has the potential to yield huge gains in spectral efficiency.

12. Beamforming Beamforming and MU MIMO work together to deliver 5G’s demanding throughput and connection densities. Beamforming is used in tandem with MIMO to focus the beams more tightly towards individual UE, enabling higher connection densities and minimizing interference between individual beams. Beamforming is used with phased array antennae systems to focus the wireless signal in a chosen direction, normally towards a specific receiving device. This results in an improved signal at the user equipment (UE), and also less interference between the signals of individual UE.

13. 6G

14. 6G Next Generation Mobile Technology Introduction to 6G technology A 6G network is defined as a cellular network that operates in untapped radio frequencies and uses cognitive technologies like AI to enable high-speed, low-latency communication at a pace multiple times faster than fifth-generation networks. 6G networks are currently under research and development, yet to be released.  The exact working of 6G is not yet known, as the specification is yet to be fully developed, finalized, and released. However, depending on previous generations of cellular networks, one can expect several core functionalities: Making use of free spectrum : For 6G, engineers are attempting to transfer data across waves in the hundreds of gigahertz (GHz) or terahertz (THz) ranges. These waves are minuscule and fragile, yet there remains a massive quantity of unused spectrum that could allow for astonishing data transfer speeds.

15. Improving the efficiency of the free spectrum : 6G might boost the efficiency of current spectrum delivery using sophisticated mathematics to transmit and receive on the same frequency simultaneously. Taking advantage of mesh networking : 6G might use machines as amplifiers for one another’s data, allowing each device to expand coverage in addition to using it. Integrating with the “new IP: The “new IP” packet would be comparable to a fast-tracked courier package with navigation and priority information conveyed by a courier service.

16. General information about 6G China successfully launched the world's first 6G satellite. The satellite uses Terahertz waves that could send data at speeds several times faster than 5G. Research activities have been kickstarted by some telecom companies such as Samsung, Ericsson, and Nokia since FCC opened a 6G spectrum for research in March 2019. There are many others who are working on it but have not come out openly in public. Beyond supporting mobile, 6G will support technology like automated cars and smart-home networks, helping create seamless connectivity between the internet and everyday life.

17. 6G networks could offer speeds of 1TB/ second or 1,000 gigabytes or 8,000 gigabits per second. 6G will be significantly more energy-efficient, turning off components and scaling down capacity when the demand is lower. Energy efficiency will be a major design criterion in 6G along with the other metrics such as capacity, peak data rate, latency, and reliability. 6G will significantly improve download speeds, eliminate latency, and reduce congestion on mobile networks. In development for 2030, 6G will support advancements in technology, such as virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), metaverse , and artificial intelligence (AI) Frequency 5.8 GHz. Bandwidth 1 Gbps . More storage capacity.

18. What technology does 6G use? The most important technologies that will be the driving force for 6G are : the terahertz (THz) band, AI, optical wireless communication (OWC), 3D networking, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), and wireless power transfer.

19. Necessary foundations and associated analytical tools for 6G:

20. Advantages of 6G Networks Enforces security: 6G networks will have safeguards against threats like jamming. Privacy concerns must be addressed when creating new mixed-reality environments that include digital representations of actual and virtual objects. Supports personalization : The AI-powered RAN will allow operators of mobile networks to provide users with a bespoke network experience based on real-time user data gathered from multiple sources. Extends the capabilities of 5G apps: This degree of bandwidth and responsiveness will enhance 5G application performance. It will also broaden the spectrum of capabilities to enable new and innovative wireless networking, cognition, monitoring, and imaging applications. Drives the development of wireless sensing technologies: The network will become a repository of situational data by collecting signals reflected from objects and detecting their type, shape, relative position, velocity, and possibly material qualities.

21. Inspiring new technology innovations: More advanced data centers Nano-cores that replace traditional processor cores Saves costs through reduced software dependency: Additional 6G components, like the media access control (MAC) and physical (PHY) layers, will be virtualized. Improves cellular network penetration: Among the many advantages of 6G networks is their vast coverage area. This implies that lesser towers are necessary to cover a given amount of space.  Optimizes indoor network usage: The majority of cellular traffic today is produced indoors, yet cellular networks were never built to properly target indoor coverage. 6G overcomes these obstacles using femtocells (small cell sites) and Distributed Antenna Systems (DASs). 

22. 6G Applications : There are four key aspects of 6G networks – real-time intelligent edge computing, distributed artificial intelligence, intelligent radio, and 3D intercoms – and some promising emerging technologies in each area, along with the relevant security and privacy issues. Connected Robotics and Autonomous Systems (CRAS) A primary driver behind 6G systems is the imminent deployment of CRAS including drone-delivery systems, autonomous cars, autonomous drone swarms, vehicle platoons, and autonomous robotics. The introduction of CRAS over the cellular domain is not a simple case of “yet another short packet uplink IoE service”. Blockchain and Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLT) Blockchains and DLT will be one of the most disruptive IoE technologies. Blockchain and DLT applications can be viewed as the next-generation of distributed sensing services whose need for connectivity will require a synergistic mix of URLLC and massive machine type communications ( mMTC ) to guarantee low-latency, reliable connectivity, and scalability.

23. When will 6G become available? the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), a non-profit society for technology standardization, ratifies this dateline in its peer-reviewed paper titled “ 6G Architecture to Connect the Worlds .” Stated that the commercial debut of 6G internet is anticipated to go live around 2030-2035.

24. Differences between 5G and 6G network

25. the communication architecture scenario toward envisioning the 6G communication systems:

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