6.10.2024(PERIOD 9)computer networks.pptx

components of data communication

1. COMPUTER NETWORKS

2. LEARNING OBJECTIVES Understand the basic concept of data communication. Identify and explain the components of data communication. Measure the capacity of communication media using bandwidth and data transfer rate. Understand the role and structure of IP addresses.

3. DATA COMMUNICATION Communication means sending or receiving information between different devices of network.

4. COMPONENTS OF DATA COMMUNICATION Sender: A device or a computer that sends the data. Receiver: A device or a computer that receives the data. Message/data: This is the information to be communicated. It may be text, image, audio or video. Transmission Medium/Channel: A transmission medium is a physical path through which the data flows sender to receiver. A cable or wire or radio waves can be the medium. Protocol: It means set of rules for data transmission. It represents the communication methods which are to be followed by the sending and receiving devices. Such as TCP/IP, http, smtp .

5. COMPONENTS OF DATA COMMUNICATION

6. Data communication terminologies Channel Physical medium like cables over which information is exchanged is called channel. Transmission channel may be analog or digital. As the name suggests, analog channels transmit data using analog signals while digital channels transmit data using digital signals In popular network terminology, path over which data is sent or received is called data channel. This data channel may be a tangible medium like copper wire cables or broadcast medium like radio waves.

7. Data communication terminologies Bandwidth The maximum amount of data that can be transferred through communication channel one point to another. Bandwidth can be used in two different context with two different measuring values: BANDWIDTH IN HERTZ: is the range of frequencies contained in a composite signal or the range of frequencies a channel can pass. It is measured as Hz (Hertz), KHz(Kilo), MHz(Mega) BANDWITDH IN BITS PER SECOND: number of bits per second that a channel, link, or network can transmit. It is measures as bps, Kbps, Mbps, etc .

8. Data communication terminologies Data Transfer Rates: It defines the number of data elements (bits) sent in 1 second. The unit is bps (bits per second) Kbps (Kilo bits per second) Mbps (Mega bits per second) Gbps (Giga bits per second) Tbps ( Tera bits per second)

9. IP ADDRESS IP (Internet Protocol) Address An IP, or Internet Protocol address, is a unique set of numbers assigned to each device connected to a network, like the Internet. It’s like an address for your computer, phone, or any other device, allowing them to communicate with each other. When you visit a website, your device uses the IP address to find and connect to the website’s server. Types of IP Addresses IPv4 (Internet Protocol Version 4) IPv6 (Internet Protocol Version 6)

10. IPV4 ADDRESS IPV4 ADDRESS IPv4 addresses consist of two things: the network address and the host address. It stands for Internet Protocol version four. IPv4 addresses are 32-bit integers that have to be expressed in Decimal Notation. It is represented by 4 numbers separated by dots in the range of 0-255, which have to be converted to 0 and 1, to be understood by Computers. For Example, An IPv4 Address can be written as 189.123.123.90. IPv4 Address Format IPv4 Address Format is a 32-bit Address that comprises binary digits separated by a dot (.).

11. IPV6 ADDRESS IPV6 ADDRESS IPv6 is based on IPv4 and stands for Internet Protocol version 6. It was first introduced in December 1995 by Internet Engineering Task Force. IP version 6 is the new version of Internet Protocol, which is way better than IP version 4 in terms of complexity and efficiency. IPv6 is written as a group of 8 hexadecimal numbers separated by colon (:). It can be written as 128 bits of 0s and 1s. IPv6 Address Format IPv6 Address Format is a 128-bit IP Address, which is written in a group of 8 hexadecimal numbers separated by colon (:).

12. ACTIVITY All students will create a flowchart illustrating the process of data communication, including all components.

13. RECAPITULATION What are the key differences between IPV4 and IPV6 ? What are the key components of data communication? Define Bandwidth and Data transfer rate.

14. HOMEWORK Identify a real-world scenario where data communication takes place (e.g., sending an email). Describe all the components involved (sender, receiver, message, media, protocols ). Create a list of the five components of data communication (sender, receiver, message, communication media, protocols). Write a simple definition for each component (1-2 sentences ). Complete the following sentences: The __________ is the device that sends the information. The __________ is the information being communicated. An example of __________ media is a cable.