6. Ballast hsuebdhdbsbhdhebdydbdbdhfbdbdh

Hahahahahah dbyrr hehe eheur dhurhrvdydhebdhru rheurbr ahmedabad e dhhevdhdhdv

1. E-Learning Material for Civil Engineering Students (IV Year) Railways, Airways & Waterways (RCE-076) Unit 1 Topic : Ballast (Affiliated to Dr. A.P.J Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh) Shaping Young Minds with Skill Oriented & Value Based Education Department of Civil Engineering KIET Group of Institutions Delhi-NCR, Meerut Road (NH-58) Ghaziabad – 201206 www.kiet.edu

2. Standard Ballast Profile

3. Advantage of Traditional Ballasted Track Advantage Relatively low construction costs. High elasticity. High maintainability at relatively low costs. High noise absorption.

4. Disadvantage of Traditional Ballasted Track Disadvantage Over time, track tends to ‘float’, in both longitudinal and lateral direction, as a result of non linear, irreversible behaviour of the materials. Limited non-compensated lateral acceleration in curves, due to limited lateral resistance offered by the ballast. Ballast can be churned up at high speeds, causing serious damage to the rails and wheels. Reduced permeability due to contamination, grinding down of ballast and transfer of fine particles from sub grade. Ballast is relatively heavy, leading to an increase in costs of building bridges and viaducts, if they are to carry continuous ballasted track. ballasted track is relatively high , this direct consequences on tunnel diameter and access points.

5. Advantage of Ballastless Track Reduced Height Lower maintenance requirement and hence, higher availability for train operation Increased service life Lack of suitable ballasted material A requirement for track to cause(even) less noise and vibration nuisance

6. Ballastless tracks are the good options for high speed heavy haul trains; but on the other hands they are costly also.