6.literature review lecture .PhD Education 2016

PhD

1. Literature Reviews
Find out what is known
about the subject
Find out whether the
research has been
done before
Build a base for
carrying out research
Show your expertise in
the subject

2. Literature Reviews: Field Work
Projects
Read a chapter of a well known textbook
Note references
Formulate some questions
Use questions to direct further reading
Jot down answers to questions
Use answers to build an argument

3. Literature Reviews: Development
Projects
Read general textbook to identify key
concepts, authorities
Carry out an author/subject search
Read a number of books, papers and
synthesise key points
Write up what you have found out
and explain how it relates to YOUR
project

4. Research Methods: Field Work
Projects
Surveys
Case Studies
Action Research
Scientific Experiments

5. Surveys
A means of data collection, usually in
the form of a questionnaire or
interview schedule, that enables a
large amount of data to be gathered
about a particular subject

6. When to Use Surveys
To explore a topic about which
relatively little is known
To replicate/test/extend findings of a
piece of research
To collect large amounts of data so
that statistical analysis can be carried
out
To make generalisations based on
quantifiable findings

7. Case Studies (1)
“A strategy for doing research which
involves an empirical investigation of a
particular contemporary phenomenon
within its real life context using multiple
sources of evidence”
(Robson, 1993, p.52)

8. Case Study (2)
A case study can be conducted
at any level of analysis
An individual
Pairs, groups
Sections, departments, divisions within a
company
An entire company or several companies in the
same or different sectors
Different industrial sectors
Entire nations

9. Case Studies (3)
Use multiple methods of data
collection
Observation
Questionnaires
Interviews
Document Analysis
Diary Method

10. Action Research
A research method that involves
researcher(s) and practitioner(s)
collaborating to bring about a
change/improve a particular
situation

11. Plagiarism –Just Don’t Do IT!
Plagiarism involves:
Intentionally copying someone else’s
ideas or words and not attributing them
Colluding(work together) with other
students on work when prohibited from
doing so
Cutting and pasting text from the
Internet and passing it off as your own
Purchasing someone else’s work and
describing it as your own