6-Medical Terminology.ppsx

MEDICAL TERMNILOGY

1. Medical Terminology
-Medical terminology is the words that make up
the language of medicine.
-The majority of medical terms are based on Latin
or Greek.
Latin wordGreekword
CardiKardia(heart)
GastrGaster(stomach)
HepatHepar(liver)
NephrNephros(kidney)
OsteOsteon(bone)

2. How does medical terminology work?
Component parts of medical terminology
Prefix Root suffix Linking Vowel
-Any given medical term may contain one, some or
all of these parts.

3. Component parts of medical terms
-prefix
-root
-suffix
-linking
vowel
-It is a word beginning.
-It usually indicates number, time, position, direction, color or
sense of negation.
-It is the main part or stem which contains the essential
meaning of a word and usually derived from Latin or Greek.
-It indicates a body part.
-Most of medical terms have one or more roots.
-It is a word ending.
-It indicates condition, disease, or part of speech.
-It is added between roots and suffixes, or roots and other
roots, but NOT between prefixes and roots
-it is used to help with pronunciation.
-The most used vowel is “o”. “i” and “a” are also used.

4. Examples
1-Pericarditis
Peri-card-itis
prefix root suffix
surrounding heart inflammation
= an inflammation of the area around the heart.
2-Bradycardia
Brady-card-ia
prefix root suffix
slow heart abnormal state
=abnormal state of slow heart.
3-sternocleidomastoid
stern-o-cleid-o-mastoid
root lv. root lv. root
=a muscle that has attachments at the sternum, the clavicle and the mastoid.
4-Myocarditis
myo-card-itis
root root suffix
muscle heart inflammation of
=inflammation of the heart muscle.
5-Supra-scapular
prefix root
above shoulder blade
=the area above the shoulder blade.

5. Combining forms
-The combining form is a word root plus a vowel ,
usually an “o”.
Word root +”o” combining form
-Like the word root, the combining form indicates
a body part.
Meaning Combining formCombining
vowel
Word root+
Heartcardi/o+o=cardi/
StomachGastr/o+o=Gastr/
LiverHepat/o+o=Hepat/
KidneyNephr/o+o=Nephr/
Bone Oste/o+o=Oste/

6. Some examples of root words and their combining forms
1-derm-, derma-, dermat-, dermot-, dermo-, =root word for skin and its combining form
Ex. *Dermatitis
dermat(skin) & -itis(inflamation) = inflammation of the skin
*Dermatology
dermat(skin) & -ology(branch of knowledge or science of=Medical specialty of diagnosis and treatment of skin diseases
*Pyoderma
pyo(pus) & derma(skin)=skin infection involving pus
2-cardio-, cardi-, = the root word for heart and its combining vowels
Ex.*cardiovascular
cardio(heart)& vascular(blood vessels)= pertaining to heart and vessels
*cardiocentesis
Cardio(heart) & centesis(surgical puncture)= surgialpuncture of the heart
3-hem-, hema-, hemo-, haem-, and hemato-= root word for blood and its combining forms
Ex.*hematology
hemat(blood) & -ology(branch of knowledge or science of) = science of blood & blood-forming
tissues
*hemorrhage
hemo( blood) & -rrhage( bursting forth)= escape of blood from tissues
4-hepat-, hepatico-, hepato-= root word for liver and its combining forms
Ex.*hepatoma
hepat(liver) & -oma(tumor or neoplasm)= tumor of the liver
*hepatotoxic
hepato(liver) & -toxic (poisonous) = toxic to liver cells

7. Some common prefixes
Look at pages 97, 98, 99, 100,108 &109
examplemeaningprefix
autoimmune, autogenousselfAuto-
antisepsis, antibioticagainstAnti-
dehydrate, defibrillatereverse, removalDe-
dyspnea, dysuriaabnormal, difficultDys-
Contraception, contraindicationopposedContra-
hypertensive, hyperglycemiaabove , excessive Hyper-
Anemia=lack of RBCswithout/lackofAn-, A-
Bilateral Wilm’s= tumourin both kidneystwo/bothBi-
Ectopic pregnancy=outside uterine cavityoutsideEcto-
Endoscope=tolook inside the body cavities…insideEndo-
Intercostals=between theribsbetweenInter-
Parathyroid=beside the thyroid glandBeside,about, nearPara-

8. Some examples of root words
ExampleMeaningComponent
Blastoma=a cancer made of immature cellsGerm,immature cellsBLAST-
Carcinogenic=cancer causingCancerCARCIN-
Cardio toxicity=toxicityto the heartHeartCARDIO-
Cytotoxic= toxic to the cellCellCYTO-
Dermatitis= inflammation of the skinSkinDERMAT-
Histology = study of tissueTissueHISTIO-
Hepatoblastoma= liver cancerLiverHEPAT-
Malignant= growing or spreadingBad/harmfulMALIGN-
Nephrotoxic= harmful to the kidneysKidneyNEPHRO-
Neuroblast= an immature nerve cellsNervesNEURO-
Oncology=the study of cancerMass/tumourONCO-
Osteosarcoma= bone cancerBone/bony tissueOSTEO-
Pediatriconcology= study of childhood cancerChildPAED-
Sarcoma= tumor of bone, muscle or connectivetissueTissueSARCO-
Toxicology= study of poisonspoisonTOXO-

9. Some examples of suffixes
ExampleMeaningComponent
Leukemia= cancer of blood cellsCondition of blood-AMIA
Hepatitis= inflammation of the liverInflammation-ITIS
Cytology= the study of cellsStudy/science of -OLOGY
Retinoblastoma= tumor of theeyeTumor-OMA
Neuropathy= diseaseof the nervous systemDisease-PATHY
Neurosis= dying cellsDisease/ condition-OSIS
Cerebral= pertaining to cerebrum (the largest part of the brain)
Cephalic= pertaining to cephal( head )
Pertainingto-AL / -IC
thyroidectomySurgicalremoval/excision-ECTOMY
angioplastySurgicalrepair-PLASTY
Colonostomy
Surgical creation of new opening-STOMY
ElectrocardiographyRecording instrument-GRAPH
endoscopeVisually examine inst.-SCOPE
chemotherapytreatment-THERAPY