6-Paddy seed production.pptkgkkpkgpkpkpkpkpkp

very good presentation

1. Seed production in rice

2. Rice…
Self-pollinated crop, CP 0-4%
Inflorescence –Panicle
Basipetal
Pollination –9-12 am
4 days after panicle emergence
completes within 8-10 days
stigma receptivity 3 days
pollen grains viable for 10 min.
Basipetal –flowering downward

3. •Short duration
ADT 36, ADT 37, ADT 41, ADT 42, ADT 43, ADT(R) 45,
ADT (R) 47, ADT (R) 48, ADT(R)H 1, CO(R)H 1, IR 36,
IR 64, ASD 16, ASD 20, ASD 18, MDU 5, TRY 2, CO(R)H 3
•Medium duration
IWP, ADT 38, ADT 39, ADT (R) 46, TRY 1, CO 43, CO 45,
IR 20, CO(R)H 2, ASD 19
•Long duration
ADT 40, ADT(R) 44, CR 1009
Varieties / Hybrids
SD: <120 days, MD: 120-140 days, LD: >140 days

4. Openpollination
Favourable climatic conditions during flowering for higher seed set
‹Daily mean temp. 24-30°C
‹RH ranging from 70-80%
‹Difference between day & night temp. 8-10°C
‹Sufficient sun shine & moderate wind velocity ( 2-3 m/sec)
‹Free from continuous rain for above 10 days during peak flowering
Varietal seed production
Hybrid seed yield is higher in Rabi (January -April)

5. Seasons in TN
Month of sowing Season Durationofthe
variety
December-JanuaryNavarai Below 120 days
April -May Sornavarai Below 120 days
May –June Kar Below 120 days
June –July Kuruvai Below 120 days
July –August Early samba 130 –135 days
August Samba 130 –135 & above
September –
October
Late samba or
Thaladi or Pishanum
130 –135 days
October-
November
Late Thaladi 115 –120
November –
December
Late pishanum 130 -135

6. Land requirement
Landshouldbefertile
befreefromvolunteerplants
havegoodsunlight&aeration
haveassuredirrigation
beisolatedfromothervarietiesofthesamecrop
Favourableseason
Avoidhighlyalkalineandacidicsoil
(eg.)underacidicconditionironisfixedsotheplantcannottakeFe,
whichreducesthegrowthanddevelopmentofseeds.
Fieldshouldnotgrownwiththesamecropinthepreviousseason.Ifgrown,it
shouldbetheproductionofsameclassofseedforthesamevariety

7. Isolation
Isolation distance : 3 m
space isolation is not possible, time isolation of over 21 days or barrier
isolation with polythene sheets of 2m height or barrier crops like sesbania,
sugarcane and maize covering a distance of 3 m
Seedrate
Short durationcrop–50 kg / ha
Medium duration crop –40 kg /ha
Long duration crop–30 kg /ha
500 to 600 g / bed
Seeds should be from authenticated source with seed tag and
purchase bill

8. Seed upgrading
Egg floatation technique
Before sowing, upgrade the seeds by density grading
Nacl (Common salt) solution with 1.13 specific gravity (1.5 kg of salt
dissolved in 10 lit. water)
Take water in bucket with an egg (immersed)
Add salt & stir to dissolve in water
Egg floats & exposed (1.5 cm dia. / 50 p coin size)
Remove the egg & add the seeds in the bucket
Collect only heavy seeds that sink at the bottom of the container
wash thoroughly with good water 4-5 times
Remove floaters
Sinker soaked in water for sowing
High germination percentage
Quick and uniform seedling emergence
Higher survival of seed

9. Egg floatation technique

10. Pre-sowing seed treatment
Micro nutrient
Seeds soaked in 1% KCl for 10 hours in 1:1 ratio and then dried back
to original moisture content (10-11%)
In MN deficient soils, seeds soaked for 10 hrs in any one of MNie.
2%MnS04 or 1% FeSo4
Fungicidetreatment
Dry treatment :Seeds treated with carboxin or carbendazim @ 2 g/ kg
Wet treatment :Treat the seeds in carbendazim or Tricyclazol
solution @ 2ml / lit of water for 1kg of seed.Soak the seeds for 2
hours and then drainthe solution.
Wet treatment protect the seedling up to 40 days from seedling
disease such as blast, wet seed treatment is better than dry seed
treatment
Biofertilizertreatment
Seeds with Azospirillum/Azotobacter @ 3 pockets/acre seeds

11. Sparse sowing in nursery beds @ 1 kg / cent
Basal application of DAP @ 2 kg/cent
10 days prior to pulling apply gypsum @ 4 kg / cent
Short duration variety: 18 –22 days
Medium duration variety: 25 –30 days
Long duration variety: 35 –40 days
Nursery
Age of the seedling

12. Transplanting
Breeder seed production
Single seedling / hill in paired row planting with 20 x 10 cm spacing
Advantages
facilitates easy examination during rouging
facilitates easy cultural operation.
provides better opportunity to express the character
panicle of the plant in this paired row bends on the opposite side
giving much scope to observe boot leaf and panicle character
Pest and diseases also less
Foundation and certified seed
Spacing depends on the duration of the crop
SDV-15 x 10 cm
MDV-20 x 10 cm
LDV -20 x 15 cm
In foundation stage, for every 4 feet rows,a rouging space of 30 cm spacing
should be given.Where as in the case of certified class for every 8 feet a
rouging space of 30 cm is given
Gap filling should be within 9-10 days

13. Farmyard manure : 12.5 t/ha
NPK : 150:50:50 kg NPK /ha
(75:50:50: kg NPK given as basal.Remaining 75kg N applied in
2 splits @ 40 kg at tillering and 35 kgN at flowering)
zinc deficiency : 25 kg/ha ZnSO4 as basal or 0.5% foliar
spray at 30, 40 & 50 DAP
Fertilizer application
Weed management
Pendimethalin 2.5 lit / ha used as pre-emergence application,
mixed with 50 kg of sand and applied after 3-4 days of
transplanting
One hand weeding 30-35 DAP

14. Removal of unwanted plants or offtype plants, diseased, sick and
weak plants and some designated objectionable weed plants
In paddy Oryzasativavar. fatuais an objectionableweed plant and
it is a wild rice
Vegetative phase up to harvest
Remove the plants based on pigmentation, internodes colour, angle
of the boot leaf,colour of foliage, plants differing in the panicle, early
& late flowering plants, grain type, glume tip, seed character and
glume colour
Rouging

15. Nursery
Armyworm: Spray chlorpyriphos 20 EC 80 ml or endosulfan 35 EC
80 ml during late evening
Thrips : Monocrotophos 36 WSC 40 ml or endosulfan 35 EC 80 ml
Greenleaf hopper: Phosphomidon 85 WSC 25 ml / quinolphos 25 EC 80 ml
Main field
Brown plant hopper: Spray 5% NSKE (25 kg ) or neem oil 3% (15 litres) or
Dichlorvas 76 WSC 350 ml
Leaf folder : Monocrotophos 36 WSC 1000 ml or 5% NSKE 25 kg
Disease
Blast : Treat the seeds with P. f. @ 10 g / kg of seeds or spray 500 g/ha
dissolved in 500 lit of water
Brown spot : Spray mancozeb 100 g/ha
Pest & Disease management

16. Physiologicalindices
Seeds turned to straw yellow colour
Moisture content 20-29%
Earheads should be harvested 28 & 31 days respectively for
short and medium duration varieties after the 50% of
spikelets in the panicle flowered
Harvesting

17. Threshinganddrying
Harvested plants stacked in a cleaned threshing floor
Threshed in wooden bench, when the MC 15-18% and
dried in tarpaulin to a safe MC of 10-13%

18. Chaff, ill filled, under sized seeds are removed to maintain physical purity
Long slender (Ponni, White Ponni) :1/16 x ¾ (1.3 mm x19 mm
Slender (IR 50) : 1/15 x ¾ (1.4mm x19 mm)
Medium slender (IR 20 / CO 43) : 1/14 x ¾ (1.5 mm x 19mm
Short bold (ADT 36, 37, 38, 39, TKM 9):1/13 x ¾ (1.8 mm x 19 mm)
Seedyield
Varies from 50-60 q/ha depending upon the varieties
Processing

19. Seedtreatment
Seeds treated with thiram / bavistin @ 2 g/kg as slurry treatment &
packed in polylined gunny bag
Storage
Short term
Moisture pervious containers (gunny bags /cloth bags)
Medium term
Moisture resistant containers (polythene bags)
Stored up to 1-2 year with 80% germination, provided
seeds free from rice moth
Long term
Moisture vapour proof containers
>3 years, provided 8 % initial moisture

20. Characters Maximum permitted (%)
Foundation
Seed
Certified
seed
Off types (max) 0.05 0.20
Objectionable weed plants-wild rice
(max)
0.01 0.02
Field standards

21. S.noFactor Standards for each class
Foundation Certified
1. Pure Seed (Min.) 98.0% 98.0%
2. Inert matter (Max.) 2.0% 2.0%
3. Huskless seeds (Max.) 2.0% 2.0%
4. Other crop seeds (Max.) 10/kg 20/kg
5. Other distinguishable varieties
(Max.)
10/kg 20/kg
6. Total weed seeds (Max.) 10/kg 20/kg
7. Objectionable weed seeds
(Max.)
2/kg 5/kg
8. Germination (Min.) 80% 80%
9. Moisture (Max.)
a. Pervious container 13% 13%
b. Vapour proof container 8% 8%
Seed standards

22. Rice Hybrids
CO RH 1 : IR 62829 A x IR 10198-66-2R
CO RH 2 : IR 58025 A x C-20 R
CO RH 3 : TNAU CMS 2A x CB 87 R
ADTRH 1 : IR 58025 A x IR 66 R
Hybrid seed production
Cytoplasmic genic male sterility system(CGMS)
3linebreedingsystem-A,B&Rlines
‘A’line(cmsline) -malesterilefemaleparent
‘B’line(maintainerline)-malefertile(isogenicto‘A’lineinallaspects
exceptmalefertility)
‘R’line(restorerline)-malelineinactualhybridproduction
restoresfertilityof‘A’line

23. Three line hybrid seed production
Breeder & foundation stages
‘A’ line multiplied with the use of ‘B’ line & produced in
isolation from ‘R’ line which is multiplied as that of variety
Certified stage
‘A’ line & ‘R’ line crossed to produce actual hybrid seed
CGMS system involves three steps
Multiplication of CMS line (A x B)
Multiplication of B and R line
Production of hybrid (A x R)

24. Two Line Breeding
Environmental Genic Male Sterility
Only two lines viz. female and male
lines are required for developing
hybrids and therefore this approach is
called Two Line Breeding
Genotype that exhibit sterility/fertility
with respect to temperature are called
Thermo-Sensitive Genic Male Sterility
(TGMS)line
The lines showing sterility/fertility
with respect to photoperiod are
named Photoperiod Sensitive Genic
Male Sterlity (PGMS)lines.
Eg. i. TSGMS -23.3
0
C –Pei-Ai 645-rice
ii. PSGMS-23-29
0
C-113hr 45min day length

25. Advantages
No need for maintainer line
Any genotype can be utilized as pollinator
parent
Greater flexibility in the choice of parental line

26. Season
Kharif –2nd fortnight of May
Rabi –2nd fortnight of December
Climaticcondition
Favourable climatic conditions during flowering for higher seed set
‹Daily mean temp. 24-30°C
‹RH ranging from 70-80%
‹Difference between day & night temp. 8-10°C
‹Sufficient sun shine & moderate wind velocity ( 2-3 m/sec)
‹Free from continuous rain for above 10 days during peak flowering

27. Isolation
Spaceisolation
100 m for certified seed
200 m for foundation seed
Timeisolation
25 days
Barrierisolation
Vegetative barrier like maize, sesbania, sugarcane etc.
Artificial barrier –Plastic sheets above 2 m in height

28. Female and male (A x R) seedlings raised in separate beds
Sparse sowing in nursery beds @ one kg/cent
Application of DAP @ 2 kg/cent
Seedlings of 20-25 days old have to be planted
Seed rate
A –20 kg/ha
R –10 kg /ha
Nursery management
Main field preparation
N P K
Basal 50 60 20
Tillering 50 - 20
Panicle 50 - 20
Total 150 60 60

29. Staggered sowing
 To extend the pollen supply, male parent sown twice or thrice
at an interval of 3-4 days
 Three methods can be used to determine the difference in
seedling date for synchronization between male & female
parents
(i) Growth duration difference (GDD)
(ii) Leaf number difference (LND)
(iii) Effective accumulated temperature (EAT)
Among 3 methods, LND method is reliable one. GDD method is mostly
followed since it is rather simple and easy to adopt
Three staggering
CORH 3Sowing of R line 0, 3rd and 6th day

30. Row ratio
Row ratio -8:2 (A line : R line)
Factors influencing row ratio
Plant height of the pollinator (R line)
Growth and vigour of the pollinator
Size of the panicles
Stigma exertion of CMS lines
Duration of floret opening in CMS lines
Transplantingofthe‘R’line
Transplanting should be done in the wind directions
R line should be planted in paired rows of 30 cm apart
Transplantingofthe‘A’line
Transplant the ‘A’line seedlings in blocks of 8 rows in between
the paired rows of ‘R’line seedlings
Transplant one (or) two seedlings / hill with the spacing of 15 cm

31. Row ratio of 8:2

32. R line
A line
CO(R)H 3

33. Fertilizer application
 N delays panicle development
 K and P promotes
 Split application of N and K gives more and larger
panicles shorter flag leaves and uniform heading
 More splits of N to male line prolong pollen supply
to female line
Irrigation
‘R’line will respond more to water regulation.
Predictionofheadingdate
The development of the panicle classified into 8
developmental stages
Usually and parent will take 27 and 32 days
respectively from panicle initiation to heading in 8
stages

34. Developmental stage of panicle to flowering
Developmental stages Approx. days before flowering
1.Panicle primordial 30
2.Primary branch primordia 27
3.Secondary branch primordia 24
4.Stamen and pistil primordia 20
5.Pollen mother cells 17
6.Meiotic division 12
7.Mature pollen 6
8.Ripe stages of pollen 4
9.Completed spikelets 2-1
10.Flowering -

35. Criteria for good synchronization of flowering
Optimum standard of synchronization flowering is that
the female parent should be 1-2 days earlier than the
male parent
Flowering adjustment
 Spray 2% urea to advancing parent to delay
flowering
 Spray 2% DAP to delaying parent to enhance
flowering
 Draining of water delays panicle development in
R line
 Giving more irrigation will advance the flowering
in R line
 Adjustment tech. will be effective if it is done in
earlier stages

36. GA3 Application
 Panicle exertion in female parent
 GA
3
@ 50 g/ha spraying at 15-20% flowering stage
 Knapsack sprayer at 500 lit. of spray solution per hectare
 Two split doses in consecutive days
 Morning 8 am to 10 am & evening 5-6 pm ideal for spraying
Advantages of GA3
Enhances panicle and stigma exertion
Adjusts plant height of seed and pollen parents
Speeds up the growth of late tillers & increases the
effective tillers
Sets uniform panicle layer
Increases flag leaf angle
Increases 1000 grain weight
Reduces unfilled grains
Remarkably enhances seed setting & seed yield
1 g of GA3 in 10-20 ml of alcohol

37. Supplementary pollination
Rope pulling / rod drivingSupplementary pollination
•Supplementary pollination is artificially
shaking the canopy of the pollen parent
at flowering to increase cross
pollination.
•Supplementary pollination
–causes anthers to shed all of their pollen.
–disperses pollen grains uniformly over the
seed parent plants.
–increases seed set in the seed parent.
Rope pulling at 30 min interval during flowering time for
about 5 times daily b/w 10-12 noon for 7-10 days

38. Rouging
At maximum tillering
At flowering
Before harvest
At flowering stage, pollen shedders from CMS line

39. Harvest & post harvest
Pollen and seed parents should be harvested separately
Harvest and thresh the pollen parent first and later the seed
parent can be harvested and threshed
Preferable moisture for threshing 15-18%
Properly dried and bagged
Safe moisture content for storage 10-12% Harvesting A & R line

40. Guidelines for successful seed production
-Selection of seed & pollen parent with synchronized anthesis
-Selection of seed parent with long exerted stigma, longer
duration and wide angle of flower opening
-Selection of pollen parent with a high percentage of residual
pollen per anther after anther exertion
-Synchronization of flowering
-Use of optimum row ratio on b/w A and B/R line
-Use of seed and pollen parent with short horizontal flag leaf
or long erect flag leaves
-Use of GA3 to improve panicle exertion and prolong anthesis
-Planting of seed parent rows across the prevailing wind
direction
-Supplementary pollination
-Selection of optimum time of flowering of parental lines in
seed production plots

41. Problems in Hybrid rice seed production
Problems in parental lines and hybrid seeds
At present, IR 58025 Ais the only CMS line mainly used for
the development of rice hybrids in India
Low storage potential of parental lines and hybrid seed.
(Eg.) 58025 A –viable for 6-7 months only

42. Field standardsMaximum permitted (%) Factors
Foundation Certified
Off type in seed parent 0.050 0.20
Off types in pollinator 0.050 0.20
Pollen shedding earheads in seed parent 0.050 0.10
** Objectionable weed plants 0.010 0.020
* Standards shall be met at any inspection conducted at and after flowering
** Objectionable weed shall be : wild rice (Oryza sativa L. var. fatua Prain)

43. ?