One Eleven First 1st January November Two Twelve Second 2nd February December Three Thir teen Third 3rd march Four Fourteen Fourth 4th April Five Fifteen Fifth May Six Sixteen Sixth June Seven Seventeen Seventh July Eight Eighteen Eighth August Nine Nine teen Ninth September Ten Twenty Tenth October Zero (o) Month / Day / Year April 6th 1984 (19/84) April 1st 1999 (19/99) February 9th 1975 (19/75) November 22nd 2008 (20/08) 2020 (20/20) 2023 (20/23)
PRESENT SIMPLE AFFIRMATIVE I play You play She play s // She Watch es // She go es He play s // He fix es // He miss es // He stud ies It play s We play You play They play
NEGATIVE I don’t work // I do not work // I don’t do You don’t work He does n’t work // He does not work She does n’t work // She doesn’t do It does n’t work We don’t work You don’t work They don’t work
INTERROGATIVE Do I eat ? Do You eat ? Does He eat ? Does She eat ? Does It eat ? Do We eat ? Do You eat ? Do They eat ?
CONTEXT Infinitive verb To work , to speak , to talk , to read , to play Noun Car, house , problem , weather , day , year , time Adjectives Small, red, big , tall , beautiful , perfect , happy , sad , false Red car Big house Emergency exit Operation system
ARTICLES SINGULAR PLURAL SPECIFIC THE The class , the city THE The dogs , the kids GENERAL A A house , an umbrella SOME Some songs , some days
Cognates Spanish English Spanish English Doctor Doctor Factor Factor Idea Idea Artificial Artificial Video Video Hotel Hotel Bar Bar General General Coffee Coffee Actor Actor Hospital Hospital Supervisor Supervisor Automático Automatic Base Base Club Club Importancia Importance Balance Balance Universal Universal Digital Digital Imposible Impossible Banano Banana urgente Urgent
TO BE PRESENT AFFIRMATIVE I am a professor // I‘m teach ing You are in Medellín // You’re listen ing He is an engineer // He’s danc ing She is a manager // she’s run ning It is stop ping // it’s a race car We are work ing // we’re workers You are the students // You’re study ing They are eat ing // they’re the chef
NEGATIVE I am not a professor // I‘m not teach ing You aren’t in Medellín // You’re not listen ing He isn’t an engineer // He’s not danc ing She is not a manager // she’s not run ning It isn’t stop ping // it’s not a race car We aren’t work ing // we’re not workers You are not the students // You’re not study ing They are not eat ing // they’re not the chef
INTERROGATIVE Am I a professor ? // how am I teach ing ? Are You in Medellín? // what are You listen ing ? Is He an engineer ? // where is He danc ing ? Is She a manager? // why is she run ning? Is It stop ping ? // which is it a race car? Are We work ing ? // where are we workers ? Are You the students ? // where are You study ing ? Are They eat ing ? // who are they ? WH QUESTIONS What / Why / when / where / who / which / how
HERE THERE SINGULAR THIS THAT PLURAL THESE THOSE SEBASTIAN IS HERE IN BOGOTÁ SANDRA IS THERE IN BARRANCABERMEJA WE ARE IN THIS CLASS JULIANA IS IN THAT CLASS, WITH THE OTHER PROFESSOR THESE POLITICIANS ARE THE BEST THOSE ACTORS IN HOLLYWOOD THESE PEOPLE ARE THE WORST THERE IS A PROBLEM WITH THE INTERNET // There’s not THERE ARE 47 STUDENTS IN THIS CLASS
PRESENT SIMPLE (DO, DOES) TO BE PRESENT (AM, ARE, IS) I EAT IN THE RESTAURANT SHE EATS IN THE RESTAURANT I’M EATING IN THE RESTAURANT SHE’S EATING IN THE RESTAURANT I DON’T EAT IN THE RESTAURANT SHE DON’T EAT IN THE RESTAURANT I’M NOT EATING IN THE RESTAURANT SHE’S NOT EATING IN THE RESTAURANT DO I EAT IN THE RESTAURANT? WHAT DOES SHE EAT IN THE RESTAURANT? AM I EATING IN THE RESTAURANT? IS SHE EATING IN THE RESTAURANT?
VERB SUBJECT Dance dancer Watch Watcher Listen Listener Speak Speaker Drive driver Run runner Write Writer Fight Figher Lead leader Use user Work worker
BUILDING COMPLEX SENTENCES (TO) I like to play (infinitive) I like play ing She likes run ning She likes to run We don’t like to swim You’re trying to learn English Huber is fixing the microphone to speak better ( infinitive+preposition ) Nury is going to the office ( preposition ) Sebastian is calling Diana to talk about businesses Richard trains to compete in the championship Sandra is too tired to work
SUBJECT PRONOUNS OBJECT PRONOUNS I ME YOU YOU HE HIM SHE HER IT IT WE US YOU YOU THEY THEM SUBJECT OBJECT I like to play it Sebastian loves her Huber is looking for a job Sandra is listening to him I need you to call me I want to travel with her I have to make the report Ana wants Carlos to buy something to her Daniel has to talk to Laura to explain math ? we don’t have to contact to them Do they need to call us ?
PAST SIMPLE (ED) (DID) AFFIRMATIVE I work ed in the goverment You dance d last night He stud ied management She plan ned the wedding It flew over the mountain We went to Medellin You ate in the restaurant They drank too much
NEGATIVE I did n’t work in the goverment // I did not work You did n’t dance last night He did n’t study management She did n’t plan the wedding It did n’t fly over the mountain We did n’t go to Medellin You did n’t eat in the restaurant They did n’t drink too much
INTERROGATIVE Did I work in the goverment ? Why did You dance last night ? Did He study management ? Where did She plan the wedding ? Did It fly over the mountain ? When did We go to Medellin ? Did You eat in the restaurant? Why did t hey drink too much ?
REGULAR VERBS(ED) // IRREGULAR VERBS Dance Danc ed Run ran Watch Watch ed Eat Ate Walk Walk ed Speak Spoke Listen Listen ed Buy Bought Work Work ed See Saw Play Play ed Go Went Understand Understood Think Thought Do Did Drink Drank Read Read Cut Cut Fly Flew Have Had
TO BE PAST ( was , were ) AFFIRMATIVE I was travel ing with my family to NY You were my best friend He was in my party last night She was the CEO of Google It was a Good movie We were driv ing for five hours yesterday You were pray ing to pass the exam They were drink ing coffee in the club
NEGATIVE I was not travel ing with my family to NY // I wasn’t You weren’t my best friend He wasn’t in my party last night She was not the CEO of Google It wasn’t a Good movie We were not driv ing for five hours yesterday You weren’t pray ing to pass the exam They weren’t drink ing coffee in the club
INTERROGATIVE Where Was I travel ing with my family ? Why Were You my best friend ? Was He in my party last night ? Was She the CEO of Google? Was It a Good movie ? Where Were We driv ing for five hours yesterday ? Were You pray ing to pass the exam ? Were They drink ing coffee in the club?
PRESENT SIMPLE (DO, DOES) PAST SIMPLE (DID) TO BE PRESENT (AM, ARE, IS) TO BE PAST (WAS, WERE) I pray to pass the exam She pray s to pass the exam I pray ed to pass the exam She pray ed to pass the exam I’m pray ing to pass the exam She’s pray ing to pass the exam I was pray ing to pass the exam You were pray ing to pass the exam I do n’t pray to pass the exam She does n’t pray to pass the exam I did n’t pray to pass the exam She did n’t pray to pass the exam I’m not pray ing to pass the exam She’s not pray ing to pass the exam I wasn’t pray ing to pass the exam You weren’t pray ing to pass the exam Do I pray to pass the exam ? Does She pray to pass the exam ? Did I pray to pass the exam ? Did She pray to pass the exam ? Am I pray ing to pass the exam ? Is She pray ing to pass the exam ? Was I pray ing to pass the exam ? Were You pray ing to pass the exam ?
SUBJECT PRONOUNS OBJECT PRONOUNS POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS I ME MY YOU YOU YOUR HE HIM HIS SHE HER HER IT IT ITS WE US OUR YOU YOU YOUR THEY THEM THEIR This is my resumee It’s your problem I’m using his car I love her eyes The dog is playing with its toy This is our class I hope your grades are perfect Those are their children
FUTURE SIMPLE (WILL) AFFIRMATIVE I will wait for the bus at the bus stop // I’ll You Will study for the exams // You’ll He Will sleep at night // he’ll She Will buy food // She’ll It Will rain tonight // It’ll We Will be at the graduation ceremony // We’ll You Will go fishing // You’ll They Will call their family // They’ll
NEGATIVE I Will not wait for the bus at the bus stop You’ll not study for the exams He Won’t sleep at night She’ll not buy food It Won’t rain tonight We Will not be at the graduation ceremony You’ll not go fishing They Won’t call their family
QUESTION will I wait for the bus at the bus stop? will You study for the exams ? will He sleep at night ? will She buy food ? will It rain tonight ? will We be at the graduation ceremony ? will You go fishing ? will They call their family ? Will Will Smith film a new movie ?
FUTURE TO BE (GOING TO) AFFIRMATIVE I am going to ride a horse // I’m gonna ride You’re going to plan the travel He’s going to buy a new car She’s going to pay the bill It’s going to send the receipt We’re going to deliver an order You’re going to sign the contract They’re going to install a mobile app
NEGATIVE I am not going to ride a horse You’re not going to plan the travel He isn’t going to buy a new car She is not going to pay the bill It’s not gonna send the receipt We’re not going to deliver an order You aren’t going to sign the contract They’re not going to install a mobile app
QUESTION Am I going to ride a horse ? When Are You going to plan the travel ? Where Is He going to buy a new car? Is She going to pay the Bill? Is It going to send the receipt ? Where Are We going to deliver an order ? Are You going to sign the contract ? What Are They going to install ?
PRESENT SIMPLE (DO, DOES) PAST SIMPLE (DID) FUTURE SIMPLE (WILL) TO BE PRESENT (AM, ARE, IS) TO BE PAST (WAS, WERE) TO BE FUTURE (GOING TO) I ride a horse She ride s a horse I rode a horse She rode a horse I’ll ride a horse She’ll ride a horse I’m riding a horse She’s riding a horse I was riding a horse You were riding a horse I’m going to ride a horse She’s going to ride a horse I don’t ride a horse She doesn’t ride a horse I didn’t ride a horse She didn’t ride a horse I’ll not ride a horse She won’t ride a horse I’m not riding a horse She’s not riding a horse I wasn’t riding a horse You weren’t riding a horse I’m not going to ride a horse She’s not going to ride a horse Do I ride a horse ? Does She ride a horse ? Did I ride a horse ? Did She ride a horse ? Will I ride a horse ? Will She ride a horse ? Am I riding a horse ? Is She riding a horse ? Was I riding a horse ? Were You riding a horse ? Am I going to ride a horse ? Is She going to ride a horse ?
MODAL VERBS CAN I can speak English fluently Huber can drive truck Diego can’t swim when the pool is too Deep Can I ask you something ? COULD I could fight that man and I could win Sandra Could graduate last year I couldn’t be rude with you Could you please open the door ?
MAY It may rain You may not like this song May I make a phone call ? MIGHT You might graduate on July David might get hired for a new job Julieth might not travel this holiday
MUST You must connect to the class every Saturday You must not smoke in the office HAVE TO I have to go to the bank Sandra has to call her boss Diana doesn’t have to work on Monday
SHOULD should WE take a break and relax You shouldn’t wake up late Should I cut my hair ? SHALL You shall pay your taxes before May 10th You shall not kill
WOULD I would like to go to the concert She wouldn’t accept my invitation Would you eat in that restaurant? WILL I Will go to the concert I Won’t go to the concert Will I go to the concert ?
MODAL VERBS MEANING CAN ABILITY COULD PAST/FUTURE ABILITY MAY POSSIBILITY / PERMISSION MIGHT PAST/FUTURE POSSIBILITY MUST OBLIGATION HAVE TO RESPONSIBILITY SHOULD RECOMMENDATION SHALL COMMAND / ORDER WOULD HYPOTHETICAL WILL PREDICTION