7. Long-term Memory and its types. pptx

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1. Cognitive Psychology Course code: APSY-335 Lecture: BS Applied Psychology Instructor: Sir Faisal Mumtaz Chahal Department: Psychology Email: [email protected] 1

2. Long-Term Memory: Implicit and Explicit Memory, Retention in Episodic Memory

3. Objectives After the completion of this presentation, the students will be able to: Understand what is meant by Long-term memory Differentiate between the different types of memories Explain retention in Episodic Memory 3

4. Memory Memory is the ability to take in information, encode it , store it, and retrieve it at a later time It is the means by which we draw on our past experiences in order to use this information in the present Human memory involves the ability to both preserve and recover information we have learned or experienced 4

5. Long-term Memory Long-term memory refers to the storage of information over an extended period of time . This is where we store memory for long-periods of time. It is the final stage in the processing of memory. The factor that distinguishes this type of memory from others is that they tend to be stable and can last a long time - often years. 5

6. Through the process of association and rehearsal, the content of  short-term memory can become long-term memory. Long-term memories can last for a matter of days to as long as many decades. There are a number of factors that can influence how long information endures in long-term memory 6 Duration and Capacity of Long-term Memory

7. The way the memory was encoded can play a significant role in how long it will stay in the LTM . If you were aware and alert when you had the experience, then the memory will probably be a lot more vivid. The number of times you access a memory can also play a role in the strength and duration of a memory . Memories that you have to recall often tend to stick around and become much stronger 7 Duration and Capacity of Long-term Memory

8. Types of Long-term Memory Long-term memory has two types which include: Implicit Memory Explicit Memory These types are further subdivided into further types which we will discuss ahead 8

9. Implicit Memory Implicit memory is reffered to as unconscious memory or automatic memory Implicit memory  uses past experiences to remember things without thinking about them. Things that people don't purposely try to remember are stored in implicit memory 9

10. Implicit Memory Types of Implicit Memory Implicit memories are often procedural and focused on the step-by-step processes that must be performed in order to complete a task.  Procedural Memory: Procedural memory is the memory of motor skills and it is responsible for knowing how to do things This memory is automatic i.e. it works at an unconscious level 10

11. Procedural memories are non-declarative and retrieved automatically for in procedures that involve motor skills Riding a bike, tying your shoes, and cooking an omelet are all examples of procedural memories Other examples of implicit memory include priming and associative memory (conditioning). 11 Implicit Memory Types of Implicit Memory

12. Explicit memory (also called declarative memory) usually refers to all the memories and information that can be evoked consciously. Your ability to understand the concept of math, remember what you ate yesterday for breakfast, and recall the events surrounding a Hurricane are examples of long-term memory We are consciously aware of our declarative memories, and we can verbally 'declare' them. 12 Explicit Memory

13. Explicit Memory Types of Explicit Memory Explicit memory is further subdivided into two types. Semantic Memory: Semantic memory contains general factual information and knowledge related to your world. Knowing that the grass is green, and recognizing the names of colours are some examples of semantic memory. 13

14. Episodic Memory: Episodic memory consists of our memories of personal experiences and specific events that have happened in the past. It is stored in the hippocampus. Remembering the first time you met your husband, and remembering what you ate for breakfast are some examples of episodic memory. 14 Explicit Memory Types of Explicit Memory

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16. Retention in Episodic Memory Memory retention is the ability to recall or remember over a period of time. Strong memory retention means that a learner can easily put knowledge to use without occupying or overworking working memory Memory and retention are related because any retained imformation is kept in human memory stores. 16

17. Information is retained in human memory stores in different ways, but it is primarily done so through active learning , repetition and recall The three categories of long-term memory that are used in learning and retention of information include procedural, declarative and episodic memory. There are many different ways of retaining information in memory 17 Retention in Episodic Memory

18. The retention and retrieval of information in memory requires the information to be firmly embedded within a neural network ; which can be done so through traditional methods of repetition and connecting new information with old information Chunking  has also proved to be a useful strategy for retaining information. It is the process of grouping together individual items of similarity 18 Retention in Episodic Memory

19. In addition, the recollection of learned information is essential to retaining such material in the long-term. Recall refers to the re-accessing of previously learned information held in long-term memory stores. 19 Retention in Episodic Memory

20. Activity Q . Give daily life example of implicit memory? Q . Differentiate between explicit and implicit Memory? Q . Is language an implicit memory? Q . What is example of explicit memory? 20

21. References 21 https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-long-term - memory - 2795347#:~:text=Long%2Dterm%20memory%20is%20usually,(knowledge%20about%20the%20world) . https://study.com/academy/lesson/long-term-memory-definition-types-examples.html https://human-memory.net/long-term-memory/

22. Youtube Links https://youtu.be/6UeV-49wtnI https://youtu.be/WK4TeETxwdM https://youtu.be/mfDpXj67z2I 22

23. Thank You 23