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1. CHAPTER 3 - ECOSYSTEMS

2. Lesson 1 – Parts of Ecosystems

An ecosystem is made of living and nonliving parts
that all work together. Every organism in an
ecosystem has a part to play.

An ecosystem is all of the living and nonliving
things in an environment and the many ways
they interact.

An ecosystem can be as large as a desert or as
small as a rotting cactus.

3. Living & Nonliving Parts of Ecosystems

Living Parts – animals, plants, fungi, protists, and
bacteria

Nonliving Parts – air, water, soil, sunlight, climate,
and landforms

4. Ecosystems

There are many different kinds of ecosystems.

Some examples –
Desert
Grassland
Tundra
Forest
Tropical Rain Forest
Coral Reef
Ponds

5. Desert

Arizona – A Desert
Ecosystem Video

6. Grassland

7. Tundra

Tundra Video

8. Forest

9. Tropical Rain Forest
Rainforest Video

10. Coral Reef
Coral Reef Video

11. Population

A population is all the
members of one species
that live within an area of
an ecosystem.

Desert Example –
Prairie dog population
Plant population

12. Community

The different populations that interact with each
other in the same area form a community.

13. What might be a reason for a
population decrease in a community?

The amount of food decreases. This means that the
animal will have to leave that area in search of
food.

14. Habitat

The area or place where an organism lives in an
ecosystem is called a habitat. A habitat contains all
the living and nonliving things an organism needs.

15. Niche

The specific role of an organism in its habitat is
called its niche. A niche includes the type of food
the organism eats, how it gets its food, and which
other species use the organism as food.
Adaptations also help determine an organism’s
niche.

16. Review
1. What is the name for all of the members of one
species that live within an area of an ecosystem?
2. What is the name for all of the living and
nonliving things in an environment and how they
interact?
3. What is the name for the specific role of an
organism in its environment?
4. What is the name for the different populations
that interact with each other in the same area?
5. Why is a desert considered an ecosystem?

17. Lesson 2 – Energy Flow in Ecosystems

Every living
thing needs
energy.
Energy in an
ecosystem is
passed from
one organism
to another.

18. Producers

Producers are
organisms that
can make their
own food.

19. Consumers

Consumers are
organisms that
cannot make their
own food.

20. More about Consumers

There are three
different types
of consumers.
Herbivores –
get energy
by eating
only plants
Carnivores –
get energy
by eating
only animals
(meat)
Omnivores –
get energy
by eating
plants &
animals

21. Herbivores

22. Carnivores

23. Omnivores

24. A Food Chain

The sun is the main source of
energy for life on earth. A food
chain begins with energy from
sunlight.

Producers are the next link in
the chain.

Predators get energy they
need by hunting and killing
prey.

An animal with no natural
enemies is called a top
predator.

http://
magma.nationalgeographic.com
/ngexplorer/0309/quickflicks/

25. Small Things That Make a Big
Difference

Decomposers digest the waste and remains of dead
plants and animals.

Why are decomposers important to the food chain?
They add minerals and nutrients to soil, water &
air.

26. A Food Web

Ecosystems have many
food chains. The same
food source can be
part of more than one
food chain. As a
result, one food chain
often overlaps other
food chains.

What might happen if
a population dies out?
The food web will
change.

27. Review

1. When a food chain overlaps with other food chains it is called a
–

2. A food chain starts with an -

3. What is the main energy source for life on Earth?

4. What is the job of a decomposer and why is it important to the
food chain?

5. What is a producer? Give an example.

6. What is a consumer? Give an example.

7. What is a herbivore?

8. What is an omnivore?

9. What is a carnivore?

10. What might happen if a population dies out?

28. Lesson 3 – The Flow of Matter in an
Ecosystem

All organisms need more than energy to survive. They
also need matter in the form of minerals, oxygen, and
carbon dioxide. This matter is then returned to the
ecosystem when organisms die and decay.

Matter and energy flow through an ecosystem. Plants
use minerals from the soil and gases in the air.
Herbivores get the matter and energy they need to
form the plants they eat. Carnivores get the matter
and energy they need from the animals they eat.

29. Decay in Ecosystems

All living things eventually die and rot, or decay.
Decay is a very important process. Without decay,
dead organisms and wastes would pile up and
interfere with the habitats of living things.

Decaying plants and animals are helpful because
they put minerals back into the soil.