74th Gram swaraj and community developenent.pptx

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1. 74th Constitutional Amendment WHAT WE HAVE TO STUDY HERE 1 MUNCIPALTIES 2 MUNICIPAL CORPORATION 3. NAGAR PANCHAYAT 4.Part IX-A , 243-P to 243-ZG , Twelfth Schedule Towns and cities contribute substantially to the economic development of the country. These urban centres also play an important support role in the development of the rural hinterland. To keep this economic transformation in line with needs and realities at the grass-root level, it is necessary that the people and their representatives are fully involved in the planning and implementation of the programmes at the local level. If democracy in Parliament and State Legislatures is to remain strong and stable, its roots must reach towns and villages and the cities where the people live.

2. 1 Composition of Municipalities Direct elections will be used to fill the seats. Each municipal region will be divided into territorial constituencies known as wards for this purpose. The manner in which a municipality's chairperson is elected may be determined by the state legislature. It may also ensure that the following individuals are represented in a municipality. Persons with unique expertise and experience in municipal administration who do not have the right to vote in municipal meetings. Members of the Lok Sabha and state legislatures that represent constituencies that encompass the municipal area in whole or in part. Within the municipal area, members of the Rajya Sabha and the State Legislative Council registered as voters. Committee chairpersons are those who are in charge of a group of people (other than ward committees).

3. 2 Constitution of Wards Committees Ward Committees must be formed in all municipalities with a population of 3 lakhs or more, according to this law. 3 Reservation of seats The Act mandates that seats be reserved for scheduled castes and scheduled tribes in every municipality based on their population percentage to the overall population of the municipality. It also stipulates that at least one-third of the total number of seats be designated for women (including the number of seats reserved for women belonging to the SCs and the STs). The state legislature may establish a method for reserving chairperson ships in municipalities for SCs, STs, and women.

4. 4 Duration of Municipalities From the date of its first meeting, the municipality has a fixed term of 5 years. Elections to form a municipality must be performed before the municipality's duration expires. If the municipality is dissolved before the 5-year period has expired, the elections to form a new municipality must be conducted within 6 months of the date of dissolution. 5 Powers and functions of Municipalities All municipalities would be given the authorities and responsibilities they need to function as efficient self-government organizations . The State Legislature may establish by law what authorities and obligations the municipalities will have in developing plans for economic development and social justice, as well as implementing schemes entrusted to them.

5. The Twelfth Schedule of the Constitution contains an example list of functions that may be entrusted to municipalities . The State Legislature may establish by law what authorities and obligations the municipalities will have in developing plans for economic development and social justice, as well as implementing schemes entrusted to them. The Twelfth Schedule of the Constitution contains an example list of functions that may be entrusted to municipalities . 6 Finances of Municipalities The Finance Commission, which was established under Article 243-I to examine the financial standing of Panchayati Raj Institutions, will now examine the financial standing of municipalities and offer recommendations to the Governor .

6. The recommendations of the Finance Commission will cover the following : The net earnings of the State's levied taxes, charges, tolls, and fees are distributed between the State Government and Municipalities. Distribution of a portion of the earnings to municipalities at all levels of government in the state. Municipalities assign or appropriate taxes, duties, tolls, and fees. Grants-in-aid from the State's Consolidated Fund to municipalities. Municipalities must take steps to improve their financial situation. The governor must present the commission's recommendations, as well as the action is taken report, to the state legislature.

7. 7 Election to Municipalities The State Election Commissions are in charge of supervising, directing, and controlling the production of electoral rolls for, and the conduct of, all elections to panchayats and municipalities. 8 Audit and Accounts Municipal accounting must be kept up to date, and additional audits must be performed in compliance with state legislation. State legislatures shall be allowed to establish suitable laws in this regard, based on local needs and available institutional structure . 9 Committee for District Planning Every state must establish a district planning committee at the district level to aggregate the plans developed by panchayats and municipalities in the district and to draft a district-wide development plan. The Zila Parishad is in charge of planning and allocating resources for Panchayati Raj institutions at the district level.

8. 10 Metropolitan Planning Committees A metropolitan planning committee is required in every metropolitan region to prepare a draft development plan . 11 Bar to interference by Courts in Electoral Matters The act prohibits judges from interfering in municipal election affairs. It declares that the constitutionality of any statute relating to the delimitation of constituencies or the allocation of seats to those constituencies cannot be challenged in any court. It also states that no election to any municipality may be challenged unless an election petition is filed with the appropriate authority and in the way prescribed by the state legislature.