8. Central Nervous System (Human Anatomy and Physiology)

CNS, Brain and Spinal Cord, Sympathetic And Parasympathetic Nevous System

1. Central Nervous System
By
Yogeshwary M. Bhongade
Assistant Professor
KamlaNeharuCollege of Pharmacy, Butibori, Nagpur

2. Nervous System

3. Nervous System
Central Nervous
System
Brain Spinal Cord
Peripheral
Nervous System
Motor (Efferent)
ANS
(Involuntary)
ParasympatheticSympathetic Enteric
Somatic
(Voluntary)
Senasary (
Afferent )

4. Central Nervous System
•Thecentralnervoussystemconsistsofthebrainandspinalcord.The
brainplaysacentralroleinthecontrolofmostbodilyfunctions,
includingawareness,movements,sensations,thoughts,speech,and
memory.
Central Nervous
System
Brain Spinal Cord

5. Brain
•Brain is a part of central nvous systemwhich lies within the cranial
cavity.
•Brain consist of-
Brain
Forebrain
(Prosencephalon)
Telencephalon
Cerebrum
(Cerebral
Hemisphere)
Basal Ganglia Hippocampus
Amygdalon
Nucleus
Diencephalon
Thalamus Hypothalamus
Midbrain
(Misencephalon)
Hindbrain
(Rhombencephalon)
Pons Cerebellum
Medulla
Oblongata

7. Cerebrum
•Itisthelargestpartofthebrainandiscomposedofrightandleft
hemispheres.
•Functions
✓Interpretingtouch
✓Visionandhearing
✓Seech
✓Reasoning
✓Emotions
✓Learning
✓Finecontrolofmovement

8. Parts of cerebrum
•Cerebrumconsistoftwoparts/hemispherenaimely
rightandlefthemisphere
•Theyarejoinedbyabundleoffiberscalledthe
corpuscallosumthattransmitsmessagesfromone
sidetotheother.
•Eachhemispherecontrolstheoppositesideofthe
body.
•Ifastrokeoccursontherightsideofthebrain,your
leftarmorlegmaybeweakorparalyzed.
•Notallfunctionsofthehemispheresareshared.
•Ingeneral,thelefthemispherecontrolsspeech,
comprehension,arithmetic,andwriting.

9. •Therighthemispherecontrolscreativity,spatialability,artistic,andmusical
skills.
•Thelefthemisphereisdominantinhanduseandlanguageinabout92%of
people.

10. Lobes
•Thecerebralhemisphereshavedistinctfissures,whichdividethebraininto
lobes.
•Eachhemispherehas4lobes:
1.Frontal
2.Temporal
3.Parietal
4.Occipital
•Eachlobemaybedivided,onceagain,intoareasthatserveveryspecific
functions.
•It’simportanttounderstandthateachlobeofthebraindoesnotfunctionalone.
•Thereareverycomplexrelationshipsbetweenthelobesofthebrainand
betweentherightandlefthemispheres.

11. Frontal lobe
•Personality, behavior, emotions
•Judgment, planning, problem solving
•Speech: speaking and writing (Broca’s
area)
•Body movement (motor strip)
•Intelligence, concentration, self awareness
Parietal lobe
•Interprets language, words
•Sense of touch, pain, temperature (sensory
strip)
•Interprets signals from vision, hearing,
motor, sensory and memory
•Spatial and visual perception
Occipital lobe
•Interprets vision (color,
light, movement)
Temporal lobe
•Understanding language
(Wernicke’s area)
•Memory
•Hearing
•Sequencing and
organization

12. Cortex
•Thesurfaceofthecerebrumiscalledthe
cortex.
•Ithasafoldedappearancewithhillsand
valleys.
•Thecortexcontains16billionneurons(the
cerebellumhas70billion=86billiontotal)
thatarearrangedinspecificlayers.
•Thenervecellbodiescolorthecortexgrey-
browngivingititsname–graymatter.
•Beneaththecortexarelongnervefibers
(axons)thatconnectbrainareastoeachother
—calledwhitematter.

13. Spinal Cord
•Thespinalcordispartofthecentralnervoussystem
(CNS).Itisalong,thin,tubelikestructure.
•Itissituatedinsidethevertebralcanalofthevertebral
column.
•Duringdevelopment,there’sadisproportionbetween
spinalcordgrowthandvertebralcolumngrowth.
•Itisstartofmedullaoblongatainthebrainstemand
extenddowntobetweenthe1stand2ndlumber
vertebrae.
•Length-around45cm(18in)inmaleand43cmin
female.(17)

14. •Spinal cord is main pathway
for information connecting
the brain and the rest of the
body.

15. Stucture of Spinal Cord
•Cross section of spinal cord shows-
•white matter on the sureface of grey matter.
•Grey matter is H-shaped which devide the white matter into anterior,
posterior, and lateral column

16. •Likebrain,spinalcordisprotected
andnurishedbythreelayersof
membraincalledmeninges.
1.DuraMater(OuterLayer)
2.ArachnoidMater(MiddleLayer)
3.PiaMatter(innerLayer)

17. Cerebrospinal Fluid
•Clear, colorless, alkaline fluid present in-
1.Subarachnoid space
2.Ventricle of brain
3.central canal of brain

18. Composition of CSF
•Secreted by Choroid Plexus-A network of blood vessel
•Water, glucose, proteins, nitroenous substances,
electrolyte,few cells.
•Protect brain and spinal cord from shock
•Conveys nutrients to brain and spinal cord
•Remove waste product from brain and spinal cord
Secretion of CSF
Function of CSF

19. Autonomic Nerous System
•Theautonomicnervoussystem(ANS)isthepartofthenervous
systemthatregulatesinvoluntaryfunctions.Examplesarethe
heartbeat,thedigestivefunctionsoftheintestines,controlof
respiration,andsecretionbyglands.
Division of
ANS
Sympathetic
NS
Parasympathetic
NS

21. Fuctions of SNS and PNS