9. human body

1. HEALTH EDUCATION
HUMAN BODY

2. HUMAN BODY
•Human body is made up of many cells.
•Groups of cells with similar specialized functions form
tissues.
•Tissues with similar functioning from organs.
•Organs that work in coordination form the organ system.
•Many such organ systems make up the human body.
•The skin is the outer protective layer present all over the
body that protects the inner organs.

3. SYSTEMS OF HUMAN BODY
•Skeletal system
•Circulatory system
•Muscular system
•Nervous system
•Respiratory system
•Excretory system
•Digestive system
•Reproductive system

4. SKELETAL SYSTEM
•It is the bony
framework of the body
made up of the soft
cartilage and the hard
bone.
•It gives support to the
body and protects the
vital organs like brain,
heart, lungs etc.

5. CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
•Made up of the heart,
blood vessels and blood
•Arteries and veins
•Blood is red in colour due
to the presence of
heamoglobin.
•Heart pumps blood
•Blood carries food and
oxygen and wastes

6. MUSCULAR SYSTEM
•Muscles help in the
movement of the
various parts of the
body
•The muscles help the
humans to perform
various activities

7. NERVOUS SYSTEM
•Coordination between the
various organs
•Made up of the brain,
spinal cord and the
various nerves
•Impulses from the sense
organs are carried to the
brain and the messages are
then taken from the brain
to the motor organs

8. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
•Made up of the nose,
larynx, pharynx,
trachea, bronchi and
the lungs
•The intake of oxygen
and release of carbon
dioxide

9. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
•Intake, digestion and
assimilation of food
•Mouth, oesophagus,
stomach, liver,
intestines, pancreas,
rectum and anus

10. EXCRETORY SYSTEM
•Made up a pair of
kidneys, ureters and a
urinary bladder
•Eliminates the wastes
from the body

11. ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
•Certain glands that
perform specialized
functions and are
associates with some
systems
•pituitary, thyroid,
adrenal etc

12. REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
•Made up of the
reproductive organs
that help in giving rise
to young ones
•In males testes are the
reproductive organs
while in females
ovaries are the
reproductive organs

13. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
•Energy is required by the body parts to perform
their functions
•This energy is obtained by the oxidation of food
•The process wherein necessary oxygen is taken
from the atmosphere and waste carbon dioxide is
released out of the body is called respiration and is
carried out through the respiratory organs
•The respiratory organs are the nose, pharynx,
larynx, trachea, bronchi and the lungs

14. NOSE
•Looks like a pyramid.
•The nasal cavity divided
into two nasal passages
•Nasal passages are
covered by a moist
mucous membrane
•Air as it passes is made
moist & warm to protect
the lungs from the harmful
effects of dry air
•Fine hairs filter the dust
particles present in the air

15. PHARYNX
•Spacious
•Has the openings of
food and air passages

16. LARYNX
•Called as the voice box.
•Just below the pharynx
•a pair of vocal cords that
produce sound
•larynx in men is deeper
and larger than in women
because of which the
voice of men is deeper
•Larynx opens into the
trachea

17. TRACHEA
•Called as the windpipe.
•Long tube - the neck into
the chest cavity
•Wall of trachea is
supported by rings of
cartilage & the inner wall
is lined with mucous
membrane
•Millions of hair-like cilia
present on the mucous
membrane sweep away
dust particles that enter
with air

18. BRONCHI
•In the chest cavity trachea
divides into a right and a
left branch
•Each of this again divides
into small branches called
the bronchi
•In the lungs each bronchus
divides into a number of
small tubes called as
bronchioles

19. LUNGS
•Two lungs - 2 protective
membranes called the pleura
cover the lungs
•Lungs are slate coloured and
elastic-protected by the
ribcage
•small air sacs inside the lungs -
exchange of air takes place in
the lungs
•blood takes oxygen from the
lungs to other parts of the
body, collects CO2 &releases
it into the lungs that expel it
out through the nose

20. EXCRETION & EXCRETORY SYSTEM
•Elimination of
nitrogenous waste
material like urea from
the body is called
excretion
•Kidneys are the main
excretory organs
•Skin also performs
excretion

21. KIDNEYS
•In humans there is a pair
of kidneys located in the
abdomen, one on either
side of the vertebral
column
•The right kidney is
slightly smaller and lower
in position than the left
kidney
•Each kidney is bean
shaped and dark red in
colour

22. KIDNEYS
•The outer surface of each
kidney is convex while the
inner surface is concave
•There is a depression on
the concave side called the
hilus through which a
ureter comes out and enters
the urinary bladder
•Each kidney consists of an
outer cortex and an inner
medulla
•About 1 million nephrons
are present in each kidney

23. NEPHRON
•Each nephron has a
Malphigian capsule
and a Loop of Henley
•The nephrons open
into the collecting
tubule
•Many such collecting
tubules join together
to form a ureter

24. FUNCTIONS OF KIDNEYS
•Kidneys filter the
wastes from the blood,
reabsorb the necessary
material and release
them into the blood
•Kidneys also maintain
the water balance in
the body and the
temperature of the
body

25. INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT KIDNEYS
•A human being can survive with one kidney
•A Dutch person called William J. Knoff in
1943 first introduced artificial kidneys

26. NERVOUS SYSTEM
•Coordination between the various organ
systems in the human body is brought about
by the nervous system
•Made up of three parts – central, peripheral
and the autonomous nervous systems

27. PARTS OF THE
NERVOUS SYSTEM
•The central nervous system is
made up of the brain and the
spinal cord.
•The peripheral nervous
system is made up of the
nerves originating from the
brain and the spinal cord.
•The autonomous nervous
system is made up of ganglia
or network of nerves.

28. BRAIN
•It is the main organ of
the central nervous
system
•It is present in the
skull and weighs about
1350 grams
•It has three major parts
called the cerebrum,
cerebellum and the
medulla oblongata

29. CEREBRUM
•Cerebrum is the
largest part of the
brain and weighs
about 995 grams
•Occupies the upper
part of the brain

30. CEREBELLUM
•Also called as small brain,
lies below the cerebrum
•Consists of specialized
sensory centres for
specific activities like
vision, hearing, memory,
smell, taste, speech, sound
etc.
•It also maintains the
balance of the body

31. MEDULLA OBLONGATA
•Present below the
cerebellum, is the smallest
part of the brain
•Roughly triangular in shape
•Connects the brain and the
spinal cord
•Regulates the involuntary
action like heart beat,
muscular action of the
digestive system & the
working of lungs etc.

32. SPINAL CORD
•About 1 cm in diameter &
passes downwards into the
trunk through the neck
•12 pairs of cranial nerves
arise from the brain & 31
pairs of spinal nerves
•Conveys messages from
the brain to the organs &
from the organs to brain
•Important function of the
spinal cord is reflex action

33. NERVES
•Three types – sensory,
motor and mixed
•Sensory – carry
sensory messages
•Motor – carry motor
messages
•Mixed – carry both
types of messages