9. presentation2

GA

1. Gibberellins' uses and side effects Sudhir Kumar

2.   The effect of gibberellins treatment on Thompson seedless grapes

3.   Gibberellins mobilize nutrients during the germination of grain seeds 2 2 The aleurone responds by synthesizing and secreting digestive enzymes that hydrolyze stored nutrients in the endosperm. One example is  -amylase, which hydrolyzes starch. (A similar enzyme in our saliva helps in digesting bread and other starchy foods.) Aleurone EndosperGibberellins mobilize nutrients during the germination of grain seedsm Water Scutellum (cotyledon) GA GA  -amylase Radicle Sugar 1 After a seed imbibes water, the embryo releases gibberellin (GA) as a signal to the aleurone, the thin outer layer of the endosperm. 3 Sugars and other nutrients absorbed from the endosperm by the scutellum (cotyledon) are consumed during growth of the embryo into a seedling.

4. Commercial uses of gibberellins (GA3) 1. To promote the growth of fruit 2. To stimulate the barley malting process in the beer brewing industry 3. To increase sugar yield in sugarcane Commercial use of GA biosynthesis inhibitors To reduce plant height to solve the lodging problem (wheat) 2. To control plant size for ornamental plants

5. Gibberellins Stimulate growth in stems and leaves by cell elongation. Also stimulate premature flowering, growth of young fruit and breaking of dormancy

6. Gibberellins' Abuses In wine industry use of gibberellins though bring some joy but the user of the raw grapes may suffer from cancer as it shows some cancer causing properties. It share the same biosynthesis pathway as most toxin does ,i.e. Ergot toxin, so their are report of conversion of gibberellins in toxic substances which causes human health hazards