A Critical Review On Hemagarbha Pottali

Rasa sastra is one of the important branch of Ayurveda which deals with mineral and
herbomineral pharmaceutical preparations like kharliya rasayana, parpati rasayana,
kupipakva rasayana and pottali rasayana. Pottali rasayana is one among rasa aushadhi
which is very effective and also known as emergency medicine. Pottali rasayana prepared
by different method. Here we prepare with gandhak drava swedana method. The process of
pottali kalpana is very unique, and from other dosage forms it has qualities like small dose,
very high potency, easy to handle, and maximum shelf life. In Hemagarbha pottali rasa main
drugs are suddha parad, suddha gandhak, tamra bhasma and swarna bhasma which gives
compact form by bhavna with kumari swarwsa. In this article we attempted to described
different methods of preparation and regarding pharmaceutical process of Hemagarbha pottali rasa in detail & Clinical Aspects .

1. A Critical Review On Hemagarbha Pottali Dept Of Rasa Shastra & Bhaishajya Kalpana NIA , Jaipur Presenter: Dr Divya Singh MD Scholar

2. Introduction : Mercury exhibits different therapeutic merits after undergoing Murchhana ,with different pharmaceutical preparations viz., Khalviya Rasayana , Parpati Rasayana,Kupipakwa Rasayana and Pottali Rasayana Among the 4 types of preparations, Pottali Rasayana is a unique in terms of its preparations ,mode of administration ,quick action ,lesser dose and easy to transportation.

3. Puta : Puta word is made with the meaning of adhesion or to give support . Pota : This means adhesions or to minimize ,being suffixed with Ghana Pratyaya , means to adhere or to give support . Pottalika : It is the feminine gender word version of puta further added by Kan and Tap Pratyaya , subsequently meaning the concise form of Puta. Pottali : The meaning of Pottali as To concise ,To compact a substance ,To minimize a substance ,Making in to bundle ,pocket of the substances or to put different substances in to a bundle or pocket which means similar in case of Pottali Kalpana .

4. Pottali can be defined as to collect scattered materials in to a compect and comprehensive size . Otherwise , the technique or processing which gives compactness to the scattered particles is the Pottali Kalpana . Pottali Kalpana comes under- Arota bandha or pota bandha .

5. Necessity Of Pottali Kalpana All the inventions in each and every field of science are the solutions for the previous problems. Similarly certain points may be taken in to consideration for the origin and development of the Pottali Kalpana . They can be categorized as- 1. Convenience 2. Enhancement of Properties 3. Need of emergency medicine. - Pottali are mostly used as atyayik chikitsa . They are required in small doses and highly effective among the rasa rasayanas .

6. Convenience – During ancient period , packing and transportation of medicines was a difficult job. Physicians were not readily available everywhere as per the needs of the patients So to avoid such inconvenience Pottali Kalpana was invented . Pottali were the solid ,tough ,marble ,like forms of the medicines that did not need protective container,or many accessories to administer to the patients. The physician used to keep the Pottali handy with him in the pocket ,reducing the inconvenience in transportation and loss due to breakage and inter-mixing.

7. Enhancement of Properties- There is no explanation regarding this topic in the classical texts of Ras Shastra . But in Rasa Shastra it is said while explaining the processing of mercury that the potency of the medicine increases as the quantity of Sulpher combusted Jarita and the duration of the process increases. it is tough that heat treatment to mercurial in liquid sulpher therapeutically potentite its efficacy . Lastly physicians were in need of an emergency medicine which can be used in small doses and with less number of recipes . In a nut shell the Pottali Kalpana was invented with a vision for convenience in transportation ,administration ,dose fixation ,preservation and enhanced potencies.

8. History - A part from the other Murchita Kalpas of Parada, Pottali Kalpana was developed to further minimise the form of prepared medicine, which facilitates easy carrying and fast acting. The Pottali Kalpa was first described by Nithyananda Siddha (Rasa Ratnakara ) of 12th century A.D. In 13th century references of Pottali Kalpa were available in Sarngadhara Samhita. From 14th century onwards maximum number of Pottali Kalpanas were available in the classical text books . Chronological description of Pottali Kalpanas in various classical text books are as follows

9. Review Of Hema Garbha Pottali Hema Garbha Pottali is one of the Pottali Kalpana explained in Rasa literature. It is one of the important therapeutic formulations of gold. Derivation of Hema Garbha Pottali – Hema Nirukti : ‘ Hinoti vardhate sphutati veti . Hi + manin ’ = Swarnam (Gold) Garbha - Garbhyate jeeva sanjeeva karma phaladaatta … That possesses all the essence and that which gives life. Pottali : - Pottali – potena sansleshena leeyate iti … puttalika – vastrabaddha dravyam … The meaning of Pottali is, as to concise, to compact a substance, to minimize a substance, making into bundle, pocket of the substances or to put different substances into a bundle or pocket which means similar in case of Pottali Kalpana .

10. Rasendra Sara Sangraha - , Yakshma Rogadhikar ,Chapter 2/34-36

11. Rasa Prakash Sudhakar -ch.8/72-79 ( 100 rasyoga varnan )

12. Rasa Ratna Samuchchaya - Rajayakshma chi. Chapter 14/21-23

13. Sharangadhar Samhita - Madhyam Khand, Chapter-12/ 96-112

14. Rasa Kamdhanu - Kshaya Chi. 33 /72-81

15. Yogaratnakar - Rajayakshma Chi./ Shlok no.1-5

16. Bhaishjya Ratnavali - Rajayakshma chikitsa ,shloka no. 178-181 रसभस्म त्रयो भागा भागैकं हेमभस्मकम् | मृतताम्रस्य भागैकं भागैकं गन्धकस्य च || १७८ || मर्दयेच्चित्रकद्रावैद्विंयामान्ते समुद्धरेत् | पूर्या वराटिका तेन टङ्कणेन विलेपयेत् || १७९|| वराटीं पूरयेद्भाण्डे रूद्ध्वा गजपुटे पचेत् | विचूर्णयेत्स्वाङ्गशीते पोटट्लीं हेमगर्भिकाम् || १८० || मृगाङ्कवच्च गुञ्जैकाभक्षणाद राजयक्ष्मनुट् || १८१ ||

17. Rasayana Sara - chikitsa prakaran - Kshaya rogadhikar ,Shloka no.98-106

18. Rasa Chandanshu - Uttara khanda, Rajayakshma chi., shlok no -809-811

19. Rasa Chandanshu - Uttar khand , Rajayakshma chi., shlok no -852-856

20. Rasa Jala Nidhi - 4 th volume , Grahani Rogadhikar , pg .no. 254

21. Different Hemagarbha Pottali Mentioned In Rasa Yoga Sagara name of the pottali reference Contents Processing method indications Hiranya Garbha Pottali [1] ( Balagnikumara ) Rasa. Chi. Suwarna , Parada, (1:1 Swedana , Puta Paka with Gandhaka Rasayana , Prameha Jwara , Atisara , Ajirna , Pandu, kamala, Vata Vyadhi , Jara 1-1 Ratti Hiranya Garbha Pottali [2] ( Hemagarbha Pottali ) Yoga Ratnakara , Rasa Chandanshu Suwarna, Parada, Gandhaka, Tamra (1:4:2:3] Dola Yantra Gandhaka Paka Kasa, Shwasa, Kshaya, Vata, Kapha, Grahani 4-4 Ratti

22. Hiranya Garbha Pottali [3] ( Hemagarbha Pottali ) Yoga Ratnakara , Rasayana Sangraha , Nighantu Ratnakara,v aidya Vin. Suwarna, Parada, Gandhaka, Tamra (1:6:2:6) Puta Paka with Gandhaka Kasa, Kshaya, Sarva Roga 1-1 Ratti Hiranya Garbha Pottali [4] ( Suwarna Garbha Pottali ) Rasayana Sara Suwarna, Parada, Gandhaka, Tamra, Vanga, Kaparda, Shankha, Tankana, Mukta Dola Yantra Gandhak a Paka Grahani , Kshaya , Atisara , Jwara , Kasa , Mandagni . 2-2 Ratti Hiranya Garbha Pottali [5] ( Hemagarbha Pottali ) Rasayana Sara Rasasindura , Suwarna, Mukta, Gandhaka, Tamra, Vanga, Naga Sealing in Kaparda with Tankana , with Shankha Gajaputa Then Gandhak a Paka Sangrahani , Rajayakshma

23. Hiranya Garbha Pottali [6] ( Maha Hemagarbha Pottali Yoga Ratnakara , Nighantu Ratnakara , Rasa Chandansh u, Vai . Chi., Rasayana Sangraha Suwarna , Parada, Gandhaka (3:12:1) Puta Paka with Gandhak Kshaya, Kasa, Rajayakshm a 1-2 Ratti Hiranya Garbha Pottali [7] Vaidyak Chintamani Suwarna , Parada, Gandhaka , Tamra , Mukta, Praval Gandhaka Paka Kshaya, Vata, Kapha, Grahani 1-1 Ratti Hiranya Garbha Pottali [8] (Apurva Hemagarbha ) Rasayana Sangraha Suwarna , Parada, Gandhaka , Navasadara , Rasa Sindura Putapaka with Gandhaka Pakshaghat a, Dhanurvata , Khanja , Dantabandh a, Vata , Kapha 1-1 Ratti

24. Hiranya Garbha Pottali [9] (Shweta Hemagarbha ) Rasayana Sangraha Talastha Chandroday a, Rasakarpura , Naga, Vanga, Suwarna , Malla Dola Yantra Gandhaka Paka Shwasa, Kasa, Mahavata, Jwara, Bhagandara, Dantabandh a, Shula, Gulma 1-1 Ratti Hiranya Garbha Pottali [10] ( Hemagarbha Rasayana ) Rasayana Sangraha Gandhaka , Parada, Pravala , Mukta, Abhraka , Naga, Vanga, Tamra , Rajata , Suwarna Puta Paka with Gandhaka Shwasa, Kasa, Vata, Amavata, Unmada 1-1 Ratti Hiranya Garbha Pottali [11] Ra. Yo . Sa. Parada, Gandhaka , Suwarna , Mukta, Hiraka , Tamra , Haratala , Kasturi, Amba Krishara Paka then Dola Yantra Gandhaka Paka Unmada , Sannipata , Rasayana 1 Brihi - 1 Ratti

25. Hiranya Garbha Pottali [12] (Pita Hemagarbha ) Rasayana Sangraha Manahshila, Haratala, Suwarna, Pita Somala Dola Yantra Gandhaka Paka Sannipata , Vajikarana 1-1 Brihi Hiranya Garbha Pottali [13 Rasayana Sangraha . Rasakarpura , Suwarna , Somala , Dola Yantra Gandhak a Paka Sannipata 1-1 Ratti Hiranya Garbha Pottali [14] ( Hemagarbha Pottali ] Siddha Bheshaja Manimala Parada, Gandhaka , Tamra , Rajata , Suwarna , Mukta, Haratala , Pravala , Loha , Abhraka , Dola Yantra Gandhak a Taila Paka Kshaya 1-1 Ratti

26. Materials And Methods

27. Classification of Pottali according Gandhaka Paka – By Dola Yantra - Hema Garbha Pottali [ Rasavatara ] Without Dola Yantra - Hema Garbha Pottali [ Y.R. ] Primarily Swedana by Krishara then sulpher bath - Hema Garbha Pottali [ R.Y.S.] Gandhaka Taila - Hema Garbha Pottali [ S.B.M ]

28. All pottali preparation are not made in one single method, some pottali are prepared by kaparda purana method while some prepared in boiling gandhaka dravana and other are with putapaka method. The method of Gandhaka drava swedana was firstly introduced by Yashodhara in 13th cent in the perspective of vajra pottali and then after different acharyas has adopted this method. Hemagarbha pottali rasa is one of the medicine which is used as sannipataj awastha . Pottali should be rubbed over a scratch stone with ghrita or madhu and take paste orally,In Rasamritam rub the pottali with ardraka rasa or nagavelli swarasa in sannipatika conditions.

29. Gandhakadrava Swedana Method- The main drugs in this pottali are Suddha parad , Suddha gandhak and other bhasma dravya . Kajjali has to be prepared by triturating mentioned drugs for 5 to 6 days or until the kajjali lakshana are not appeared. The kajjali is given bhavna of mentioned kwatha or bhavna dravya and then drug mass is given shape of pottali either stout cone shape or any other shape mentioned in preparetion , this pottali has to be dried under sun for 2 to 3 days. Now one square feet thick silk cloth taken and it is spread an even surface of gandhak churna then place pottali over churna and then cover it with other suddha gandhak churna . Now collect all the four corners of cloth and tie pottali with thread. Take one mrtpatra or enamel bowl and put gandhak churna in it.

30. Now place the bowl on mild fire and continuously given heat over mild fire to liquefying gandhak and keep the pottli immersed in it. Maintain the temperature of melting sulphar not more than 120°C so that paka of pottali is appropriate. The heating is continued until it attains paka lakshana . Later when the pottali is self cool, it is taken out and scrapped it to remove excess gandhak over it and the drug is collected and stored in air tight containers. Paka Kaala – 1 – 8 Hours, Paaka Lakshanas – Neela Shaayama Varna (bluish black colour) VyomaVarna (Sky colour), Metallic Sound (Resonant sound) & C ompletely Burnt Silk Cloth - Pottali breaks down in to Sulphur vessels

31. Indications - Sannipataj avastha , it is administered to the patient who is unconscious, in coma, or even death bed, where the patient recover himself by its administration. It could be proved as an alternative medicine in place of modern antibiotics as this medicine is also effective against multi drug resistant bacterial strains.

32. Mode of administration of Pottali - Pottali should be rubbed or scratched for desired number of rotations with Ghrita , Madhu and made into a paste and taken orally. In Rasamruta it is said that Pottali should be rubbed with Ardraka Swarasa (ginger juice) or Nagavalli Swarasa (betel leaf juice) in Sannipata conditions. In other methods of preparation like Kaparda Poorita , the whole medicine is powdered and administered according to the dosage mentioned in the Yoga. Different shapes mentioned for Hiranya Garbha Pottali In Rasayoga Sagara , different shapes have mentioned for the preparation of Hiranya Garbha Pottali Rasa namely, 1 Puga Matra Guti / Pugi Bhalena Sadrishya - shape of areca nut 2 Gutika - shape of pill 3 Sikhararambhika Karya - shape of stout cone 4 Varthika - shape of wick

33. Standardization parameters for the quality assessment of Pottali Kalpana 1. Identification - Organoleptic characteristics like colour , shape, odour , consistency, taste 2. Hardness 3. Disintegration time 4. Melting point 5. Loss on drying at 105°C 6. Ash value / acid insoluble ash 7. Water soluble / alcohol soluble extractives 8. Test for heavy metals / toxic elements 9. Assay of elements - Mercury, Sulphur and other compounds

34. Thesis - Works done in RSBK Dept ,NIA

35. Hema Garbha Pottali - In present study, Hema Garbha Pottali is made by the reference of Ayurvediya Aushadhi Gunadharma Shastra autered by Vd.Gune . “

36. The formulation of Hema Garbha Pottali is designed by four main drug molecules. They are… Suwarna Bhasma – 1 part Shudhha Parada– 4 parts Shudhha Gandhaka – 2 parts Tamra Bhasma – 3 part Procedure: Gandhaka Paka (Sulphur bath) method. Indications: Jwara , Shleshma - vata , Upadamsha , Phiranga , Bhagandara , Shwasa , Kasa , Agnimandya . Dose : Ardha Tandula – Dwitandula (1/16th to 1/8th Ratti ). Anupana : Dugdha , Dadhi . Patthya : Rogochita .

37. Analysis of metallic sound of Pottali - i . The Apakwa Hema Garbha Pottali and Pakwa Hema Garbha Pottali give different sound when banged on wooden and steel surface. ii. The Apakwa Hema Garbha Pottali gives dull sound with low intensity and low frequencies, while Pakwa Hema Garbha Pottali gives sharp sound with high frequency and higher intensity especially towards high frequencies. iii. Wood and steel exhibits different waveforms according to their natural frequencies iv . Heat processing to Pottali certainly changes its physical consistency that cause the change in the sound produced on their banging.

38. Scope of modernization of process of Pottali Paka - In classical method, all the technique used like Dola Yantra, Valuka Yantra, silken cloth etc. are employed for nothing other than the regulation of the temperature. In present study, as we get the time and temperature required for the Paka of Pottali standardized, we could easily simulate the thermal conditions using digitally operated electric muffle furnace or an oven to prepare good quality of Hema Garbha Pottali . Use of electrically operated precise heating device cuts short the time required in the process as pre-heating of sulphur to melt it is quickly achieved. Loss of heat is checked as we use the thermally insulated closed heating system. Energy or fuel is conserved as we need not to heat up a lot of sand as in Valuka Yantra. Electricity is a clean source of energy; hence we use non-polluting, nature friendly fuel in the modified method.

39. The use of silk sling is just to collect the Pottali in molten sulphur and to prevent it from touching the hot base of vessel. Silk is found to have no role in therapeutic efficacy of Pottali . Hence it can be replaced by any mesh made of non reactive and heat durable material like steel or polymer. This will additionally conserve the natural resources and the repeated us of property will be possible reducing the cost of manufacture as well as the waste of natural resources. The characteristics of Hema Garbha Pottali made by classical method as well as by using modern equipments were identical. A modern technique saves time, money, resources and conserves nature. Hence it is recommended for industrial production of Hema Garbha Pottali .

40. 1. Hingulotha Parad nirman - Taken 150gms of asuddha Hingula in khalvayantra and make it powder form and given bhavna of nimbu swarasa for daily 7 days. After purifying hingula , spread hingula in one mudpot and prepared damruyantra , by putting another mudpot on it and done proper sandhibandhna of multani mitti and cotton cloth. 5 layers of sandhibandhana was done and after drying it damruyantra given heat for 6 hours. Repeatedly change of wet cotton cloth over the damruyantra because the temperature of upper pot was cool, evaporated mercury easily collect in upper pot. Next morning when cool its down, carefully collected the whole drug mass and after proper mardana and washing Suddha parad was collected approximately 90gms

41. 2 . Gandhak Sodhan - Around 2kg asuddha gandhak was taken and make it in powder form, 150gm Goghrita was taken each time, poured it in lohadarvi , melted it, poured asuddha gandhak in it and given low temperaturafter melting gandhak it immediately poured in godugha through cotton cloth. Filtered gandhak wash with hot water, dried and powdered it. This method was repeated 6 times. Total times gandhak sodhan was done. Final weight of suddha gandhak was 1800gm.

42. 3. Kajjali preparation - Suddha parad was taken in khalva yantra and done mardana by gradually adding su gandhak in it. Mardana was done daily for 3 hours for 6 days. After proper mardana particles of parad were disappeared, there were no any shiny particles in it. The process was continued until kajjali attains the lakshna like Varitara , Rekhapurnatva

43. 4. Pottali preparation - After preparing kajjali , added swarna bhasma and tamra bhasma in it. Both the bhasma passes bhasma pariksha like varitara , rekhapurnatva , and for tamrabhasma dadhipariksha also. After mixing of all the drugs properly added kumari swarasa around 30ml daily and done mardana for 3 hours. Bhavna was given for daily 3 hour 7 days. Last day the drug mass given the shanku aakara shape to pottali and 2 pottali were prepared. They were dried in shade for 5 days. After complete drying of pottali , four folded silk cloth was taken and Suddha gandhak churna spread over it, in between one pottali was kept over this churna and some gandhak churna kept over pottali , tied it with thread.

44. 5. Swedana in gandhak dravana - One enamel bowl was taken, filled with fine powder of suddha gandhak churna in it and kept it over hot plate for heating. When gandhak was melted, the pottali was immersed in it and given heat for 12 hours. The heat was not given more than 120°C.Gandhak churna was added As and when it was required . 6. Observation and storage - Next day after swang sita , the cloth has been removed and excess gandhak was scraped with blunt knife, the pottali gets a shiny luster, very hard and it produces metallic sound

45. Color of Gandhak drava chadark red colored, pottali becomes hard and sound of pottali nged , in starting it was yellow and at last stage it was was resonant. Two pottali were prepared from totally drug mas

46. Hemagarbha Pottali Available In Market Bhaishajya Ratnavali ( Rasendra Sara Sangraha ) 14/178-181

47. Further Scope Of Research Further research can be done on precise method of in process quality control of Pottali Kalpana . Handy Ultrasonic instrument that reads the elastic modulus may be very useful for this purpose . Due to scarcity of resources the change in elastic modulus of Pottali during Paka Procedure could not be examined ,but I believe that study on elastic modulus will be very valuable. Search of some non destructive technique that will evaluate the change in bonding in molecule of HgS due to heat treatment will also be a valuable work. Evaluation of trace elements and components in the Hema Garbha Pottali and its experimental as well as clinical study in various clinical situations will contribute a lot of to Ayurveda .

48. Clinical Aspects

49. THANK YOU