A.P.Biodiversity Field Guide

1. ANdHRA PRAdESH
Biodiversity Field Guide
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Andhra Pradesh State Biodiversity Board
6th Floor, Chandra Vihar Complex, M.J.Road, Nampally,
Hyderabad - 500 001. Phone: [phone]
Email: [email protected], Website: http://apbiodiversity.ap.nic.in
Andhra Pradesh
State Biodiversity Board

2. AndhrA PrAdesh
Biodiversity Field Guide

3. ©Andhra Pradesh state Biodiversity Board,
Government of Andhra Pradesh 2016.
Material from this publication may be used for educational purpose
provided due credit is given. Material from this publication can be used
for commercial purpose only with the permission from the Andhra
Pradesh state Biodiversity Board.
Andhra Pradesh state Biodiversity Board,
6th Floor, Chandra Vihar Complex,
M.J.road, nampally, hyderabad - 500 001.
Phone: [phone]
email: [email protected]
editors
Mr. A.V. Joseph, IFs - APsBB
Mr. n. Chandra Mohan reddy, IFs - APsBB
Ms. Farida Tampal - WWF
Prof. B. ravi Prasad rao - sri Krishnadevaraya University
Contributors
Mr. r. deepak - WWF
Ms. Aishwarya Muralidhar - WWF
Ms. Kalyani Kandula - environment Management Consultant
Mr. d. srinivas reddy - APsBB
dr. V. srinivasa rao - APsBB
dr. V. Vasudeva rao - AnGrAU
dr C. sudhakar reddy - nrsA
dr. C. srinivasulu - Osmania University
dr. M. Venkata ramana - Osmania University
dr. sarjan reddy - College of Veterinary sciences
dr. r. sudhakar rao - APsBB
dr. P. sathyaselvam - eGree Foundation
dr. A. Anand Kumar - ZsI
dr. K.P. sastry - CIMAP
Mr. d. Basava shankar rao - APsBB
Mr. shafaat Ulla - A.P. Bird Watchers Association
Mr. P.V.s.U.B. Prabhu - Asiatic Wildlfie Assocaition
Mr. M. Bubesh Guptha - Biolab seshachalam
Ms. Vanitha Kommu - environment Management Consultant
Photo courtesy
Mr. n. Chandra Mohan reddy
Mr. Ismail shariff Mr. r. deepak Mr. r. shravan Kumar
Mr. K. swamy Mr. dr. P. sathyaselvam Ms. P. Prashanthi
dr. s. Jagan Pannala M. Bubesh Guptha Mr. d. Mahesh Babu
dr C. sudhakar reddy Mr. G. Chethan KumarMr. s. raghupathy
dr. M. Venkata ramana dr. C. srinivasulu Mr. B. rama Krishna
dr. V. Vasudeva rao Mr. B. Laxmi narayana Mr. B. naresh
Mr. d. srinivas reddy dr. n. rakesh reddy Mr. n. Praneeth reddy
M/s. hyderabad Birding PalsMr. P.s.M. srinivas dr. A. srinivasa rao
Mr. s.M. Javed Mr. G. surendhar Prof. B. ravi Prasad rao
dr. A. Madhusudhana reddy
designer:Mr. Mallesh sampangi, sai Likhita Printers, hyderabad.
The book is financed by national Biodiversity Authority, Chennai.
Price: rs. 500/-

4. COnTenTs
Contents Page no
Message
Message
What is Biodiversity 11
Biodiversity of Andhra Pradesh 13
Protected Areas in Andhra Pradesh 14
About the Field Guide 16
Plants 19
Angiosperms 24
Freshwater flora 61
Mangroves 63
Ornamental plants 65
Medicinal plants 73
Invasive alien plants 82
Agriculture crops 89
horticulture crops 92
Algae 100
Lichens 102
Bryophytes 103
Pteridophytes 104
Gymnosperms 106
Fungi 108
Animals
Molluscs 111
Insects 121
Lepidopterans 130
Arachnids 140
Crustaceans 146
Fish 150
Amphibians 161
reptiles 165
Birds 173
Mammals 194
Livestock 200
endemic Vascular plants of Andhra Pradesh 204
Threatened animals of Andhra Pradesh 208

5. MessAGe
The state of Andhra Pradesh is blessed with rich biodiversity. Over
22% of its geographical area constitutes forests – including semi
evergreen forests, moist deciduous forests, dry deciduous forests
and coastal mangroves. It also has other varied ecosystems such as
grasslands, freshwater bodies, brackishwater wetlands, agriculture
ecosystems, etc. each of these unique ecosystems shelters diverse
flora and fauna – over 2,800 species of plants and over 5,757
species of animals. We are the proud custodians of all this natural
wealth.
In recent years, we all have been witness to adverse changes taking
place in our environment such as pollution, climate change, etc.
These changes are negatively impacting natural habitats and are
depleting our wealth of biodiversity. Loss of biodiversity will in-turn
affect the health of our forests, grasslands, water bodies, coasts,
etc., and will ultimately impact human well-being.
each one of us has the responsibility to contribute to conserving
the environment and saving biodiversity from the threat of
extinction. We cannot save what we do not know about –
therefore, the first step towards conservation action is building
awareness and understanding. Collection of scientific data on
biodiversity will help us document the species of flora and fauna in
the state, track their status over time, identify locations that are
rich in biodiversity as well as locate threats so that effective
conservation measures can be taken up.
It gives me immense pleasure that the Andhra Pradesh state
Biodiversity Board and World Wide Fund for nature (WWF)
bringing out the ‘Andhra Pradesh Biodiversity Field Guide’. This is
the first field guide on bio-resources in Andhra Pradesh after
bifurcation and I am confident that it will be useful to not just
nature lovers but also to every citizen concerned about the
environment. This book is designed to help you identify and
document the biodiversity around you so that you can appreciate
its richness and contribute to its conservation.
sri. n. Chandra Babu naidu
hon'ble Chief Minister
Andhra Pradesh
sri. n. Chandra Babu naidu
hon'ble Chief Minister
Andhra Pradesh

6. MessAGe
Biodiversity is an important asset for humankind. It provides food, fibre,
timber, medicines, etc., and supports innumerable livelihoods. It also
provides valuable ecosystem services that are necessary to sustain our
land forms and water bodies. Our economic progress is thus closely linked
to environmental and biodiversity status.
recognizing this importance, India has committed itself to conservation of
the environment and protection of biodiversity. It has become a signatory
to the international Convention on Biological diversity and has enacted the
Biological diversity Act, 2002 for conservation of biological diversity,
regulation of access to biological resources, sustainable use of its
components, fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising out of the use of
biological resources and traditional knowledge. The Government of
Andhra Pradesh has formulated the Andhra Pradesh Biological diversity
rules, 2009 which envisage regulating the mechanism for access
to/collection of biological resources, constitution of biodiversity
management committees at local body level and establishment and
management of biodiversity heritage sites.
The section 41 of the Biological diversity Act, 2002 envisages constitution
of Biodiversity Management Committee by every local body for the
purpose of promoting conservation of biological diversity; sustainable use
and documentation of biological diversity; preservation of habitats;
conservation of land races, folk varieties and cultivars, domesticated stocks
and breeds of animals and microorganisms; chronicling of knowledge
relating to biodiversity; and, facilitating preparation of People’s
Biodiversity registers. The People’s Biodiversity register contains
comprehensive information on the availability and knowledge of local
biological resources. It is a useful tool in the management and sustainable
use of bioresources, and is also an important document in the legal arena
as evidence of prior knowledge.
This book is a useful resource to Biodiversity Management Committees in
the preparation of People’s Biodiversity registers. It facilitates
identification of common flora and fauna species for documenting these in
the register.
I compliment the editors for their initiative and effort in bringing out this
useful compact guide. I hope that the Biodiversity Management
Committees as well as forest department staff, researchers, students,
teachers and indeed all those concerned about conservation will make
good use of it.
sri. B. Gopala Krishna reddy
hon'ble Minister for eFs&T
sri. B. Gopala Krishna reddy
hon'ble Minister for
environment, Forest, science &
Technology, Govt. of A.P.

8. WhAT Is BIOdIVersITy?
Biodiversity is the totality of all the life forms (plants, animals, fungi and
microorganisms) on the planet earth. It includes the vast array of organisms,
their individual genetic makeup, their life processes, and their
interrelationships in communities and ecosystems. Biodiversity is resource
capital of any nation. Biodiversity is essential for the continued existence of
humanity and every biodiversity element has an intrinsic value, irrespective of
human knowledge on its utility, needs and interests. Beyond these
anthropocentric values, there are crucial values of biodiversity which
determine the quality of life on earth. Biodiversity encompasses species, genes
and ecosystems and all these are interrelated and interdependent.
species diversity
species is the ultimate unit to classify the millions of organisms and is the
central theme of biodiversity. species differ from each other and are
recognized as a set of individuals that are genetically similar and have the
ability to inbreed. species diversity is, simply, the variety of species. species
diversity refers to ‘species richness’ (number of species) and ‘species evenness’
(the relative population size of those species at one time and one place). It is
most commonly used for describing the biodiversity wealth of any area. In
Andhra Pradesh, we have about 3000 species of vascular plants.
Genetic diversity
Genetic diversity refers to the different genetic makeup of the individual
organisms within the species. Any infra-specific variation represents the
genetic diversity of that species. For example, about 1,500 varieties of
mangoes (e.g. benisha, neelam, rasaalu, banginapalle) and about 50,000
varieties or land races in rice represent the genetic diversity of the species,
Mangifera indica and Oryza sativarespectively. It is the genes; the discrete
segments of dnA are the basis for genetic diversity. The greatest significance of
genetic diversity is that it allows the process of evolution to take place. In
Andhra Pradesh we have 150 varieties of rice and 5 native breeds of cattle.
ecosystem diversity
ecosystem diversity refers to the variety of habitats, biotic communities and
ecological processes and more commonly refers to the diversity of ecosystems
within a biogeographical boundary. It is the nature and quality of habitat that
determines the nature of biodiversity in any area. For example a pond
comprises aquatic plant and animal species; a deserted area is seen with
succulent species and a grassland harbour grasses and other herbs. In practice,
ecosystem diversity can only be evaluated on a local or regional basis, rather
than on a global scale. Andhra Pradesh is dominated by deciduous forest
ecosystems in eastern Ghats, salt water ecosystem in Pulicat lake.
Wild and domesticated biodiversity
Biodiversity can be broadly classified into wild and domesticated biodiversity.
Any biodiversity element (plant, animal, microbe or forest patch or pond
ecosystem) that is surviving naturally in the wild habitat can be termed as wild
biodiversity. The diversity among domesticated plants (crops) and animals (e.g.
cattle) is termed as domesticated biodiversity.
Biodiversity Field Guide I2016 I 11

10. Biodiversity Field Guide I2016 I 13
Biodiversity of Andhra Pradesh
A home not just for humans
An estimated 4.9 crore people live in Andhra Pradesh's 110 towns, cities, and 18,656 villages.
But our state is home not just to human beings - diverse species of plants and animals thrive
here. A surprising fact is that all the built-up areas in our towns, cities and villages as well as the
industrial and mining areas add up to just about 3% or 4,886 sq km of the geographical area of
the state. The rest of the state is rich tapestry of a variety of habitats including agricultural areas
(60%), forests (20%), wastelands (10%), water bodies and wetlands (7%). The diverse habitats
are home to over 3,000 species of plants and 5,757 species of animals. This biodiversity is an
important asset to the state. It needs to be understood, valued and conserved. We hope this
book will help in building this understanding and appreciation.
Figure 1: Land use of Andhra Pradesh

11. 14IBiodiversity Field Guide I2016
Protected Areas for Biodiversity Conservation
The Government of Andhra Pradesh has taken several steps to conserve our biodiversity. One
such step is the creation and management of Wildlife sanctuaries and national Parks to Protect
Areas that harbour rich biodiversity. The following table gives details of the Wildlife sanctuaries
and national Parks of Andhra Pradesh.
Protected Areas in Andhra Pradesh
s.no.name of the sanctuary Location Biodiversity value
or national Park
1. Papikonda national Park east Godavari and densely forested hills
West Godavari along the banks of
river Godavari. Fauna
includes Tiger,
Leopard, Gaur, etc.
2. rajiv Gandhi national Park ysr Kadapa spotted deer, Mangoose,
Black napped hare, etc.
3. sri Venkateswara Wildlife Chittoor and rare and endemic
sanctuary and national Parkysr Kadapa plant species like
red sanders&Cycas beddomei.
endangered fauna like the
slender Loris, Indian Giant
squirrel and Tree shrew.
178 bird species including
yellow-throated Bulbul,
Pompadour Green Pigeon,
Oriental White-backed Vulture,
etc. reptiles including Gliding
Lizard and Golden Gecko.
4. Coringa Wildlife sanctuary east Godavari Largest surviving
mangrove patch in the state
with 35 plant species.
200 species of birds including
critically endangered species
like White-backed Vulture and
Long-billed Vulture. Fauna like
Indian smooth coated otter,
fishing cat, nesting ground for
Olive ridley Turtles.
5. rollapadu Wildlife sanctuaryKurnool Only habitat in the state
for the highly endangered bird
- Great Indian Bustard.

12. Biodiversity Field Guide I2016 I 15
s.no.name of the sanctuary Location Biodiversity value
or national Park
6. Pulicat Lake Bird sanctuary sPsr nellore home to 159 species of
aquatic plants and 115 species
of birds including the
migratory Greater Flamingo.
7. nelapattu Bird sanctuary sPsr nellore 187 bird species including
50 migratory bird species
including spot-billed Pelicans.
8. nagarjuna sagar srisailam Kurnool, Comprises mostly
Wildlife sanctuary Prakasam & Gunturnallamala hills. home to many
endemic flora like
Andrographis nallamalayana
and fauna like Tiger
9. Kambalakonda Visakhapatnam dry evergreen forest and
Wildlife sanctuary home to Panthers, spotted
deers, Wild Boar,
Jackal, Wild dog, etc.
10.Krishna Wildlife sanctuary Krishna and Guntur rich mangrove vegetation
with plants like Rhizophora,
Avicennia. Fauna- fishing cat.
11.Kolleru Wildlife sanctuary Krishna and designated as wetland
West Godavari under the international
ramsar Convention on
protection of wetlands.
habitat for an estimated 20
million resident and migratory
birds.
12.Koundinya Wildlife sanctuary Chittoor elephant reserve with an
estimated 78 Indian elephants.
13.Gundla Brahmeswaram Kurnool & Prakasam Tiger, Panther, Chital, Black
sanctuary Buck, sambar, neelgai, Mouse
deer, Pangolin. Teak, Bamboo.
14.sri Lankamalleswara home to Jerdon's courser
Wildlife sanctuary ysr Kadapa a critically endangered and
endemic species of bird.
15.sri Penusila narasimha ysr Kadapa & Panther, spotted deers, Bears,
Wildlife sanctuary sPsr nellore and variety of Birds
16.seshachalam Biosphere Chittoor home to endemic species
reserve like red sanders, Cycas
beddomei, Golden Gecko and
slender Loris.

13. 16IBiodiversity Field Guide I2016
About the field guide
This book is designed to help the readers to identify and know the biodiversity in the state. The
book is organized into 3 main sections: Plants, Fungi and Animals. The sections on plants and
animals are further divided into various sub-sections. In each section a brief overview of that group
is provided. Photographs for selected species are provided with scientific and common names.
selected species under each category are tabulated with scientific names, local names, family
names and habit.
In this book about 810 plant species, 7 fungi and 561 animal species have been listed. The
information provided in the book is not exhaustive. suggestions are requested from the experts,
researchers and field level officers to further improve the content of the field guide.
dos and don'ts for documenting Biodiversity
lseek information from all community members who interact with biodiversity on a regular
basis - they include farmers, livestock rearers, fisherfolk, ayurvedic practitioners, non-
timber forest produce collectors, fuelwood collectors, etc.
lConduct transect walks, surveys, etc., to directly observe and document the local
biodiversity.
lFor direct observation remember to survey all key habitats - agricultural fields, forests,
scrublands, water bodies, human habitations, etc.
lremember that for direct observation, you will need to survey at different times of the day
(and night) as well as in different seasons. This is because some species are noctural, some
are seasonal, some are migratory, etc.
ldirect observation requires patience and discipline - spend enough time in the activity,
observe carefully, document deligently.
lduring direct observation, do not be obtrusive - loud conversations, large groups of people,
brightly coloured clothes, etc., will scare away animals.
ldo not collect any specimens from the wild - this includes individual plants or animals,
flowers, seeds, eggs, nests, etc.

14. Biodiversity Field Guide I2016 I 17
Hardwickia binata
(narepi)
Location:Bethaiahpally, ysr Kadapa

16. PLAnTs

17. PLAnTs
20IBiodiversity Field Guide I2016
Plant diversity of World, India and Andhra Pradesh
In terms of plant diversity, India ranks tenth in the World. The richness of Indian plant
species as compared to the world is shown in the following table.
Plant groups no. of species no. of species % of India to Approx. no. of species
in India in the worldthe world in Andhra Pradesh
Viruses & Bacteria1,071 12,392 8.6 nA
Algae 7,309 36,396 20.1 50
Fungi 27,500 81,988 33.5 300
Lichens 2,500 20,000 12.5 126
Bryophytes 2,531 16,236 15.5 100
Pteridophytes 1,274 12,000 10.6 72
Gymnosperms 77 1,021 7.5 03
Angiosperms 18,159 2,68,600 6.8 3,000
Azadirachta indica

18. PLAnTs
Biodiversity Field Guide I2016 I 21
Plant Architecture and Classification
Plants currently are recognised into the following groups.
Plant Algae: Chlorophyta, Charophyta, Glaucophyta and rhodophyta.
Bryophytes: Amphibians of the plant kingdom classified into Liverworts, hornworts and Mosses.
Pteridophytes: Botanical snakes, first land plants, classified as ferns and their allies.
Gymnosperms: non flowering naked seeded plants of geological antiquity.
Angiosperms: Flowering plants, the most dominant plant group on the planet earth. They are
classified traditionally into dicots and Monocots. however latest classifications (Angiosperm
Phylogeny Group) recognised eleven groups (clades) in angiosperms; Magnoliids, Monocots,
Commelinids, eudicots, Fabids, Lamids, etc.
note: Latest phylogenetic classifications separated fungi from plants as a separate Kingdom as
they are heterotrophic. With reference to algae only green and red algae and glaucophytes are
considered as plant algae where as blue green algae are now recognised as bacteria and all
other groups of algae are included in the kingdom Chromista.
PLAnT LIFe FOrMs:
Based on habit traditionally plants are classified into trees, shrubs, herbs and climbers. The trees
have distinct trunk and which may be deciduous (with leaf fall during summer) or evergreen.
The shrubs are woody and usually perennial and have clumped stems at ground level. The
shrubs may have straggling habit. herbs have soft stems and they are mostly annual (complete
their life cycle within a year). The climbers may be woody (called as liana) or herbaceous (vines).
There are several distinct groups of plants with recognised morphological or functional
characteristics.
Grasses and sedges: except bamboos all grasses and sedges are herbaceous and are without
distinct flowers. (The reproductive units are called as spikelets).
Orchids: One of the largest group of plant kingdom known for their beautiful and diversified
flowers with a one modified petal called as lip.
Mangroves: These are trees or shrubs which grow in saline waters/alkaline soils near the sea
coast or estuaries. They have special modifications to adapt to saline conditions.
Aquatic Plants: These plants grow submerged in waters (e.g. Vallisneria); with floating leaves,
but submerged stems (e.g. Lotus); whole plants floating on water (e.g. Pistia) or simply growing
in moist habitats (e.g. Eclipta).
Parasites: These are a special group which depends completely/partially on host plants for their
nutrition. e.g.Loranthus.
epiphytes:These plants anchor the host plants but never take any nutrients from them.
Drosera burmanni

19. 22IBiodiversity Field Guide I2016
PLAnTs
Flora is a complete inventory of plants occurring in a particular area (e.g. a town, a forest, a district
or state or a country). Vegetation is an assemblage of plant species in a given area. It is sum total
growth of various forms of plant populations.
FLOrA OF AndhrA PrAdesh
Currently updated literature survey revealed the presence of about 3000 wild and naturalized
species of angiosperms; 3 species of gymnosperms and 72 species of Pteridophytes and 100 species
of bryophytes in the state of Andhra Pradesh. There are about 550 species of trees, 285 shrubs,
1765 herbs and 300 climbers. The five dominant angiosperm families are legumes (Fabaceae) and
grasses (Poaceae) with over 300 species followed by sedges (Cyperaceae)-140 species and spurges
(euphorbiaceae), 125 species. The dominant angiosperm genera are Crotalariawith 44 species
followed by Cyperuswith 33 species, Euphorbiawith 30 species. several himalayan species are
reported from the state. These include Saussurea heteromalla, Bulbophyllum cariniflorum, Dillenia
aurea, Arundinellla benghalensis.There are about 68 strict endemic plant species are there in the
state.
VeGeTATIOn TyPes OF AndhrA PrAdesh
The vegetation of the state can be classified into the following four major types: forests, coastal,
aquatic and vegetation of wastelands and cultivated fields.
FOresT VeGeTATIOn: There are 6 forest types in the state.
Tropical semi-evergreen forests:These are moist deciduous forests mixed with evergreen elements
distributed at an altitude of around 800m and found in Visakhapatnam, Vizianagaram, srikakulam
and east Godavari districts. Common species are: Michelia champaca, Dillenia pentagyna,
Psychortia fulva,and Leea crispa.
Tropical moist deciduous forests:These are typical deciduous forests with high annual rainfall of
over 1000mm. These are of three types. northern Tropical Moist deciduous sal forests- only in
srikakulam district and dominated by sal (Shorea robusta). southern Tropical Moist deciduous
Forests-found in the districts of Vizianagaram, Visakhapatnam, Godavari, Kurnool and Chittoor. The
dominant species are: Terminalia alata, Anogeissus latifolia, Pterocarpus marsupium, Sterculia
urens. southern Tropical Moist deciduous riparian Forests - common along riverbanks especially
Godavari. These forests are commonly seen with semi evergreen species like Terminalia arjunaand
Syzygium cumini.
Tropical dry deciduous forests: These are common throughout the state and are characterized by
leaf-fall by most of the tree species during summer season. These are classified into teak, non-teak
and mixed deciduous types. dry deciduous Teak forests - distributed mostly in eastern ghats of
Visakhapatnam, Godavari and Kurnool districts and dominated by Teak (Tectona grandis). dry
deciduous non-Teak forests-found in the districts of rayalaseema and sPsr nellore and are
dominated by Pterocarpus santalinus in southern eastern Ghats; Gyrocarpus americanusin
Anantapur district; Boswellia ovalifoliolata, Cycas beddomeiin Tirumala hills. Mixed dry deciduous
forests - are common in drier localities in rayalaseema dominated by Hardwickia binata and
Pterocarpus marsupium.
dry savannah forests: scattered throughout the eastern Ghats and are dominated by grasses with
isolated tree growth. The common trees are Phyllanthus emblica, Phoenix spp. and Butea
monosperma.
Flora and Vegetation Types

20. Biodiversity Field Guide I2016 I 23
PLAnTs
Tropical moist deciduous forests Tropical dry deciduous forests
dry evergreen forests: Occurs in coastal and plain areas with a rainfall of about 600 mm and below
at an altitude of less than 250m. These forests are found in Vizianagaram, Visakhapatnam,
srikakulam, sPsr nellore and Chittoor districts. The common species are Manilkara hexandra,
Albizia amara, Sapindus emarginatus.
Thorny scrub forests: These are degraded deciduous forests due to biotic interference and are
widely distributed in arid and semiarid parts of eastern Ghats especially in forest peripheries and
common species are Capparis zeylanica, Ziziphus mauritiania, Euphorbia antiquorum, Dichrostachys
cinerea.
COAsTAL VeGeATATIOn
It is of two types: strand and estuarine type. The sand strand vegetation is found along the sandy
beaches. Ipomoea pes-caprae, Spinifex littoreus, Tribulus terrestris, Phyla nodiflora are common. The
coastal woodlands comprises Borassus flabellifer, Prosopis cineraria, Cocos nucifera, andThespesia
populnea.dense groves of Pandanus odoratissimusare also seen. The rock strand is with rich
growth of marine algae belonging to species of Padina, Sargassum, Caulerpa, and Ulva. estuarine
vegetation comprises mangroves.
AQUATIC VeGeTATIOn
Three important categories are floating, submerged and emergent hydrophytes.
Floating hydrophytes: Three types. Free floating on the surface of water-e.g. Pistia stratiotes.
Attached hydrophytes with floating shoots-e.g. Ipomoea aquatica. Attached hydrophytes with
floating leaves-e.g. Nelumbo nucifera.
submerged hydrophytes: These are always remain under water surface and are of two types-
suspended submerged that remain submerged in water but have no contact with the soil, e.g.
Ceratophyllum demersumand attached submerged hydrophytes that remain in contact with soil and
water, their vegetative portion remains completely submerged in water, while the flowers may come
out of water surface. e.g.Vallisneria natans.
emergenthydrophytes:Plants which are attached to soil covered with water but most of their
vegetative parts come out of water surface. e.g. Bacopa monnieri.
VeGeTATIOn OF WAsTeLAnds And CULTIVATed FIeLds
Prosopis juliflorais gregarious in wastelands throughout the state. Other plants of wastelands are
Calotropis procera, Cassia auriculata, C. occidentalis, C. tora and Opuntia stricta. Chenopodium
album, Cyperus rotundus, Eclipta prostrata, Echinochloa colona, Paspalum scrobiculatumare
common weeds of irrigated fields. Argemone mexicana, Celosia argentea, Cynodon dactylon,
Euphorbia hirta, Leucas aspera, Phyllanthus amarus, Sida acuta, Sphaeranthus indicusare common
weeds of dry fields. Gregarious weed found in the wastelands and roadsides is Parthenium
hysterophorus.

21. 24IBiodiversity Field Guide I2016
s.noFamily scientific Common Telugu/hindi Type
name name name
1Acanthaceae Andrographis echioides -- herb
(Indoneesiella echioides)
2“ Andrographis -- herb
nallamalayana
3“ Andrographis paniculataKing of Bitters nelavemu herb
4“ Barleria cristata Philippine Violet Tella nilambari herb
5“ Barleria prionitis Porcupine Flower Goranta chettu shru
6“ Dicliptera paniculata Panicled Foldwing Kakanasa herb
(Peristrophe paniculata)
7“ Elytraria acaulis Asian scalystem yeddadugu herb
8“ Justicia adhatoda Malabar nut Addasaram shrub
9“ Lepidagathis cristata Crested Lepidagathisnakka pita gaddiherb
10Aizoaceae Trianthema desert horse PurslaneGalijeru herb
portulacastrum
11“ Zaleya decandra horse Purslane erra Galijeru herb
12AmaranthaceaeAchyranthes aspera Prickly Chaff Flower Vuttareni Chettu herb
13“ Aerva lanata Mountain Knotgrass Pindidonda herb
14“ Allmania nodiflora node Flower AllmaniaGurugu Koora herb
15“ Alternanthera sessilis sessil Joyweed/ Ponnaganti Kooraherb
dwarf Copperleaf
16“ Amaranthus spinosus spiny Amaranth Mullathotakura herb
17“ Amaranthus viridis slender (Green) Chilaka- thotakuraherb
Amaranth
18“ Trichuriella monsoniae - erra Pindi herb
19AmaryllidaceaeCrinum asiaticum spider Lily Kichchiligadda herb
20AnacardiaceaeAnacardium occidentaleCashew Jeedipappu Tree
21“ Buchanania axillaris Cuddapah Almond sara, Morli Tree
22“ Buchanania cochin Chironji nut saara Pappu Tree
chinensis
23“ Lannea coromandelica Indian Ash Tree Gumpena Tree
24“ Mangifera indica Mango Mamidipandu Tree
25“ Semecarpus anacardiumMarking nut Bhallatamu, Jeedi, Tree
nallajeedi
26Anonaceae Annona reticulata sugar Apple rama Phalam Tree
27“ Annona squamosa Custard Apple sita Phalam Tree
28“ Miliusa tomentosa hoom Budda dudduga Tree
29“ Polyalthia cerasoides - Gutti dudduga Tree
30Apiaceae Centella asiatica Indian Pennywort sarasvathy Aku herb
31Apocynaceae Alstonia scholaris Indian devil Tree daevasurippi Tree
32“ Caralluma adscendens Caralluma Karallamu, herb
Taviti Chettu
AnGIOsPerMs
Angiosperms

22. Biodiversity Field Guide I2016 I 25
s.noFamily scientific Common Telugu/hindi Type
name name name
33Äpocynaceae Carissa spinarum Bush Plum/ConkerberryKalli shrub
34“ Catharanthus pusillus Tiny Periwinkle Kanupoolaku herb
35“ Ceropegia juncea Leafless Goglet FlowerBellagadda Climber
36“ Cryptolepis dubia Karanta Adavi Palateega Climber
(Cryptolepis buchanani)
37“ Dregea volubilis sneeze Wort Bandiguri Ginja Climber
(Wattakaka volubilis)
38“ Gymnema sylvestre Gurmar Podapatri Climber
39“ Hemidesmus indicus Indian sarasaparilla sungandhipala Climber
40“ Holarrhena pubescens Indrajao Palakodisha Tree
41“ Pergularia daemia Trellis-vine dushtapu Climber
42“ Rauvolfia serpentina Indian snakeroot sarpagandha shrub
43“ Tylophora indica Indian Ipecac Meka Mayani AkuClimber
44“ Wrightia arborea Wolly dyeing rosebayAdaviankudu Tree
45“ Wrightia tinctoria sweet Indrajao/ Aku Pala Tree
Pala Indigo
46Araceae Amorphophallus elephant yam Pulla Ganda herb
paeoniifolius
47Arecaceae Borassus flabellifer Asian Palmyra Taati Munja Tree
(sugar) Palm
48“ Calamus rotang rattan Palm Vaimu Climber
49“ Caryota urens solitary Fishtail Palm Jeeluga Tree
50“ Phoenix sylvestris silver date Palm eeta pandu Tree
51Asparagaceae Agave americana Century Plant Kalabanda herb
52AristolochiaceaeAristolochia bracteolataWorm Killer Gadidagadapaku herb
53“ Aristolochia indica Indian Bithwort esvaraveru Climber
(Iswarmul)
54Asteraceae Blumea mollis soft Blumea Kukka Poogakku herb
55“ Cyanthillium cinereum Little Ironweed sahadevi herb
(Vernonia cinerea)
56“ Elephantopus scaber elephant's Foot Gobhi herb
57Asteraceae Pentanema indicum sonkadi sala Chamanthi herb
58“
Sphagneticola calendulacea Chinese Wedelia - herb
(Wedelia chinensis)
59“ Tridax procumbens Coat Buttons/ Gaddi Chamanti herb
Tridax daisy
60Bignoniaceae Stereospermum - Pancha PandavuluTree
tetragonum
(S. personatum)
61Bixaceae Cochlospermum Butter cup Tree Konda Gogu Tree
religiosum
AnGIOsPerMs

23. 26IBiodiversity Field Guide I2016
s.noFamily scientific Common Telugu/hindi Type
name name name
62Boraginaceae Coldenia procumbens Creeping Coldenia Cheppu tattaku herb
63“ Cordia dichotoma Indian Cherry Bankanakkera Tree
64“ Heliotropium zeylanicum-- herb
65“ Trichodesma indicum Indian Borage Guva Gutti herb
66Burseraceae Boswellia ovalifoliolata - Konda sambrani Tree
67“ Boswellia serrata Indian Frankincense Anduga, GuggilamuTree
68Cactaceae Opuntia stricta erect Pricklypear Jemudu shrub
69Capparaceae Cadaba fruticosa - Uttarasi shrub
70“ Capparis zeylanica Ceylon Caper nallavuppi Climber
71“ Crateva adansonii Garlic Pear Tree Voolemara Tree
72“ Maerua oblongifolia desert Maerua - Climber
73CaryophyllaceaePolycarpaea corymbosaOldman's Cap Gaddi poovu herb
74Celastraceae Celastrus paniculatus Black Oil Plant Kasara-tige Climber
75“ Gymnosporia emarginata- Goddali vippa shrub
76Clusiaceae Calophyllum inophyllum sultan Champa Ponna Tree
77Colchicaceae Gloriosa superba Glory Lily Kalihari, AgnisikhaClimber
78CombretaceaeAnogeissus acuminata Button tree Pasi Chettu Tree
79“ Anogeissus latifolia Axle Wood Tree shirimanu Tree
80“ Combretum albidum Piluki Geddepeyyeru Climber
81“ Combretum decandrum - yadaku Climber
82“ Getonia floribunda Paper Bontha Climber
(Calycopteris floribunda)
83“ Terminalia alata Asan nalamaddi Tree
84“ Terminalia arjuna Arjuna Tellamaddi Tree
85“ Terminalia bellirica Baheda Thani Tree
86“ Terminalia chebula yellow Myrobalan Karakkai Tree
87CommelinaceaeCommelina benghalensisBenghal dayflower yennadri herb
88ConvolvulaceaeArgyreia nervosa Baby Woodrose Chandra Poda Climber
89“ Evolvulus alsinoides dwarf Morning Vishnukrantha Climber
90“ Merremia tridentata - surapu teega Climber
91“ Rivea hypocrateriformisMidnapore Creeper Boddi Climber
92Cornaceae Alangium salviifolium sage-leaved AlangiumUrgu Tree
93Costaceae Cheilocostus speciosus Crepe Ginger Kostamu herb
(Costus speciosus)
94“ Curcuma pseudomontanahill Turmeric nalla Pasupu herb
95CucurbitaceaeCoccinia grandis Ivy Gourd dondakaaya Climber
96“ Momordica dioica spiny Gourd Aagakara Climber
97Cyperaceae Bulbostylis barbata Watergrass sama Chamanthiherb
Gadda
AnGIOsPerMs

24. Biodiversity Field Guide I2016 I 27
s.noFamily scientific Common Telugu/hindi Type
name name name
98Cyperaceae Kyllinga odorata Fragrant spike sedge- herb
99“ Cyperus rotundus Java Grass/nut GrassTunga Gaddi herb
100dioscoreaceaeDioscorea oppositifolia Chinese yam Aare Thega, Climber
Karraoendalamu,
Tella Gadda
101“ Dioscorea pentaphylla Five leaf yam Adavi Ginusu Tiga,Climber
dukka Pendalam,
Monyakku
Pendalam Pendi,
Muka Tiga
102“ Tacca leontopetaloides Batflower Muvvakanda herb
103ebenaceae Diospyros chloroxylon - Illinda Tree
104“ Diospyros melanoxylon Coromandel ebony Tuniki Tree
105“ Diospyros montana Vishtendu - Tree
106erythroxylaceaeErythroxylum monogynumred Cedar devadaru Tree
107euphorbiaceaeAcalypha indica Indian nettle Telukondi Chettu herb
108“ Acalypha lanceolata Indian Copperleaf harita-manjari herb
109“ Baliospermum Wild Castor/ Adavi Amudamu shrub
solanifolium red Physic nut
(B. montanum)
110“ Euphorbia tirucalli Indian Tree spurge/ Manchi Jamudu Tree
Aveloz
111“ Givotia moluccana White Catamaran TreeKonda Ponaku Tree
112“ Jatropha curcas Jatropha Adavi Amudamu shrub /
Chettu Tree
113“ Jatropha gossypifolia Bellyache Bush nepalam shrub
114“ Mallotus philippensis Kamala Tree Kunkuma Tree
115Fabaceae - Bauhinia purpurea Purple Orchid Tree daevakan chanamuTree
Caesalpinioideae
116“ Bauhinia racemosa Bidi Leaf Tree Tella Aarechettu Tree
117“ Bauhinia vahlii Maloo Creeper Madapu Climber
118“ Caesalpinia pulcherrimaPeacock Flower ratnagandhi shrub
119“ Cassia fistula Golden shower Tree rela Tree
120“ Delonix elata White Gulmohar Chinna seribiseriTree
121“ Delonix regia Gulmohar Peddaturayi Tree
122“ Hardwickia binata Anjan yepi Tree
123“ Senna auriculata Avaram Tangedu shrub
(Cassia auriculata)
124“ Senna italica Port royal senna nala Tangedu herb
(Cassia italica)
125“ Senna obtusifolia Chinese senna Tantapu Chettu herb
(Cassia obtusifolia) (sicklepod)
AnGIOsPerMs

25. 28IBiodiversity Field Guide I2016
s.noFamily scientific Common Telugu/hindi Type
name name name
126Fabaceae - Senna occidentalis Coffee senna Chennangi shrub
Caesalpinioideae(Cassia occidentalis)
127“ Senna sophera Kasunda Kasinda shrub
(Cassia sophera)
128“ Senna tora stinking Cassia Tagarisa herb
(Cassia tora)
129“ Tamarindus indica Tamarind Chinta Tree
130Fabaceae - Abrus precatorius rosary Pea (Crab's eye)Guruvinda Climber
Faboideae
131“ Alysicarpus monilifer - Paisa alam herb
132“ Alysicarpus vaginalis Alyce Clover Baramatal-chettuherb
133“ Butea monosperma Flame of the Forest Moduga Tree
134“ Butea superba Climbing Palas Teega Moduga Climber
135“ Cajanus scarabaeoides showy Pigeonpea Kukthi herb
(Atylosia scarabaeoides)
136“ Canavalia cathartica Jackbean Adavi Tamma Climber
(Canavalia virosa)
137“ Clitoria ternatea Butterfly Pea Gentana Climber
138“ Crotalaria juncea sunn hemp shanama herb
139“ Crotalaria verrucosa Blue rattlepod Ghelegherinta herb
140“ Dalbergia latifolia east Indian rosewoodJitregi Tree
141“ Dalbergia paniculata Patri Pacharu Tree
142“ Dalbergia sissoo Indian rosewood sisso Tree
143“ Erythrina variegata Indian Coral Tree Kavuku Tree
144“ Mucuna pruriens Velvet Bean dulagondi Climber
145“ Mundulea sericea Cork Bush Verri vempali Tree
146“ Pongamia pinnata Indian Beech Tree Karanj Tree
147“ Pterocarpus marsupium Indian Kino Tree Paiddagi Chekka, Tree
Peddagi,
148“ Pterocarpus santalinus red sandalwood Agarugandhamu, Tree
erracandanam
149“ Pueraria tuberosa Indian Kudzu sural, Vidarikand Climber
150“ Tephrosia pumila Indigo sauvage Vempali shrub
151“ Tephrosia purpurea Wild Indigo/Fish PoisonVempali shrub
152“ Tephrosia villosa Wild Indigo nugu vempali shrub
153“ Teramnus labialis Blue Wiss - Climber
154“ Zornia gibbosa Grasslike Zornia hunam herb
155Fabaceae - Acacia caesia - Korinda Tree
Mimosoideae
156“ Acacia chundra senegalia Chundra sandra shrub
AnGIOsPerMs

26. Biodiversity Field Guide I2016 I 29
s.noFamily scientific Common Telugu/hindi Type
name name name
157Fabaceae - Acacia farnesiana Mimosa Bush/ Arimdamu Tree
Mimosoideae needle Bush
158“ Acacia horrida rubber-thorn Tree Peeki Tumma Tree
159“ Acacia leucophloea White Bark Acacia Tella Tumma Tree
160“ Acacia nilotica Gum Arabic Tree nalla Tumma Tree
161“ Acacia pennata Climbing Acacia Guba Korinda Tree
162“ Acacia planifrons Umbrella Thorn Godugu Tumma Tree
163“ Adenanthera pavonina saga (red Bead) TreeBandi Gurivenda Tree
164“ Albizia amara Krishna siris narlinga Tree
165“ Albizia chinensis Chinese Albizia/silk TreeBandi Chindhuga Tree
166“ Albizia lebbeck Woman's Tongue dirisena Chettu Tree
167“ Albizia odoratissima Black siris Chinduga Tree
168“ Dichrostachys cinerea sicklebush/ Chinese Velturu Tree
Lantern Tree
169“ Mimosa hamata hooked Mimosa - shrub
170“ Pithecellobium dulce Madras Thorn sima Chinta Tree
171“ Prosopis cineraria Jhand Jammi Chettu shrub
172“ Xylia xylocarpa Burma Ironwood Bojja, Konda TangeduTree
173hernandiaceaeGyrocarpus americanushelicopter Tree Poniki Tree
174hypoxidaceae Curculigo orchioides Golden eye-grass nela Thadi herb
175Lamiaceae Anisomeles indica Indian Catmint Adabeera herb
176“ Anisomeles malabarica Malabar Catmint Moga Beera herb
177“ Clerodendrum phlomidisUrni Taluki shrub
178“ Gmelina arborea Gamhar/ english Gummadi Teku Tree
Beechwood
179“ Gmelina asiatica Asian Bushbeech Chittigummudu shrub
180“ Leucas aspera Common Leucas Thummi kura herb
181“ Leucas cephalotes spiderwort dronapushpi herb
182“ Ocimum basilicum sweet Basil Tulasi Chettu herb
183“ Ocimum tenuiflorum holy Basil/Tulsi Tulasi herb
(Ocimum sanctum)
184“ Premna tomentosa - nagoru Tree
185“ Stachytarpheta jamaicensisBlue Porterweed Talapedinaku herb
186“ Tectona grandis Teak Teku Tree
187“ Vitex altissima Peacock Chaste Tree nemaliadugu Tree
188“ Vitex negundo Five-leaved Chaste TreeVavili shrub
189Lauraceae Cassytha filiformis Love-vine Pachi teega Climber
190“ Litsea glutinosa Indian Laurel narra Mamidi Tree
191LecythidaceaeBarringtonia acutangulaBarringtonia nir kanki Tree
AnGIOsPerMs

27. 30IBiodiversity Field Guide I2016
s.noFamily scientific Common Telugu/hindi Type
name name name
192LecythidaceaeCareya arborea Wild Guava Budadhermi, Tree
dudippa
193Loganiaceae Strychnos nux-vomica nux Vomica Visha Mushti Tree
194“ Strychnos potatorum Clearing-nut Tree Chillaginja Tree
195Loranthaceae Dendrophthoe falcata honey suckle Badanika herb
Mistletoe
196Lythraceae Lagerstroemia parviflorasmall Flowered Chennangi Tree
Crape Myrtle
197“ Woodfordia fruticosa Fire Flame Bush Guldhaavi shrub
198Malvaceae Abutilon indicum Indian Mallow duvvena Kayalu shrub
199“ Bombax ceiba Cotton Tree Mulluburuga Tree
Chettu
200“ Byttneria herbacea -- herb
201“ Corchorus aestuans east Indian Mallow Kajati herb
202“ Corchorus capsularis Tossa Jute Parinta herb
203“ Firmiana simplex Gum Karaya Tapasi, Kovila Tree
(Sterculia urens)
204“ Grewia hirsuta nagbala/Kukurbicha Chittijana shrub
205“ Grewia tiliifolia dhaman Cahrachi Tree
206“ Helicteres isora Indian screw Tree nuli Tada Tree
207“ Malvastrum False Mallow - herb
coromandelianum
208“ Pavonia zeylanica - Karu Benda herb
209“ Pterospermum - Thada Tree
xylocarpum
210“ Sida acuta Common Wireweed Poraka herb
211“ Sida cordifolia Country Mallow Bala herb
212“ Sida spinosa Prickly Fanpetals - herb
213“ Thespesia lampas Ban Kapas - shrub
214“ Thespesia populnea Portia Tree/Indian TulipGangaravi Tree
215“ Triumfetta pentandra Fivestamen Burbark - herb
216“ Urena lobata Caesar's Weed Bachita, shrub
217“ Waltheria indica sleepy Morning nallabenda herb
218MelastomataceaeMelastoma Indian rhododendronneeti dhanimmashrub
malabathricum
219Meliaceae Azadirachta indica neem Vepa Tree
220Meliaceae Soymida febrifuga Indian redwood somi Tree
221MenispermaceaeCissampelos pareira Abuta Visha Boddi Climber
222“ Cocculus hirsutus Broom Creeper shibbi tiga Climber
AnGIOsPerMs

28. Biodiversity Field Guide I2016 I 31
s.noFamily scientific Common Telugu/hindi Type
name name name
223MenispermaceaeTinospora cordifolia Indian Tinospora Tippatiga Climber
224Moraceae Ficus benghalensis Indian Banyan Marri Chettu Tree
225“ Ficus hispida hairy Fig Bomma-medi Tree
226“ Ficus microcarpa Chinese Banyan Juvvi Tree
227“ Ficus mollis soft Fig Kalijuvvi Tree
228“ Ficus racemosa Cluster Fig Tree Paidi Tree
229“ Ficus religiosa Peepal raavi Tree
230“ Ficus arnottiana Indian rock Fig banda ravi Tree
231“ Ficus amplissima - Pedda juvvi Tree
232“ Ficus dalhousiae -- Tree
233“ Ficus exasperata - Karaka bodda Tree
234“ Ficus nervosa -- Tree
235“ Ficus palmata - Tree
var. virgata
236“ Ficus tinctoria dye fig Konda Juvvi Tree
237“ Ficus variegata -- Tree
238“ Streblus asper sandpaper Tree Barrinka Tree
239Moringaceae Moringa pterygospermadrumstick Munaga Tree
240Myrtaceae Syzygium alternifolium Jamun Mogi, Movi Tree
241“ Syzygium cumini Jamun neredu Tree
242nyctaginaceaeBoerhavia diffusa red spiderling/ Punarnava herb
Four o'clock Flower
243Ochnaceae Ochna obtusata Golden Champak sonnari Tree
244Olacaceae Ximenia americana yellow Plum/ nakkera Tree
sea Lemon
245Oleaceae Nyctanthes arbor-tristisCoral Jasmine Parijatam Tree
246Oleaceae Schrebera swietenioidesWeaver's Beam Tree Mokkam Tree
247Orchidaceae Vanda tessellata Checkered Vanda Banda, herb
Persara (hindi)
248Oxalidaceae Biophytum sensitivum - Puli Chintha herb
249Pandanaceae Pandanus odoratissimusscrewpine Mogali shrub
250PhyllanthaceaeBridelia montana - Panchoktam shrub
251“ Bridelia retusa spinous Kino Tree Kora Maddi Tree
252“ Cleistanthus collinus Garari Kadise Tree
253“ Flueggea leucopyrus Katupila Tella Purugudu shrub
(Securinega leucopyrus)
254“ Phyllanthus emblica Indian Gooseberry Usiri Tree
255“ Phyllanthus Madras Leaf-Flower Adavi nela Usiri herb
maderaspatensis
AnGIOsPerMs

29. 32IBiodiversity Field Guide I2016
s.noFamily scientific Common Telugu/hindi Type
name name name
256PhyllanthaceaePhyllanthus amarus Carry Me seed nela Usiri herb
257“ Phyllanthus reticulatus Black-honey shrub Puliseru shrub
258“ Phyllanthus urinaria Chamber Bitter erra Usirika herb
259“ Phyllanthus virgatus seed Under Leaf Oocha Usirika herb
(Phyllanthus simplex)
260PlumbaginaceaePlumbago zeylanica Ceylon Leadwort Chitra mulam herb
261Poaceae Apluda mutica Mauritian Grass Adavikorregaddi herb
262“ Aristida adscensionis Common needle GrassKatle Chettu, herb
Katle Gaddi
263“ Aristida funiculata -- herb
264“ Aristida setacea - Cheepurugaddi herb
265“ Bambusa bambos Bamboo Veduru shrub
(Bambusa arundinacea)
266“ Brachiaria ramosa dixie Liverseed Grass/ Aduru Gaddi herb
Browntop Millet
267“ Chloris barbata swollen Finger GrassUppu Gaddi herb
268“ Chrysopogon aciculatusLove Grass Udara Gaddi herb
269“ Chrysopogon zizanioides Vetiver Vattiveru herb
(Vetiveria zizanioides)
270“ Cymbopogon citratus Lemon Grass nimma Gaddi herb
271“ Cymbopogon flexuosus Cochin Grass/Malabar nimbu Ghaas herb
Grass/ Lemongrass
272“ Cynodon dactylon Bermuda Grass Ghericha herb
273“ Dendrocalamus strictusCalcutta Bamboo Potu Veduru shrub
274“ Eragrostis amabilis Japanese Lovegrass - herb
(E.tenella)
275“ Heteropogon contortusspear Grass eda Gaddi herb
276“ Setaria pumila yellow Foxtail nakkatokagaddi herb
277“ Themeda triandra red Oat Grass - herb
278PortulacaceaePortulaca oleracea Common Purslane Boddi kura herb
279rhamnaceae Ventilago maderaspatanared Creeper - Climber
280“ Ziziphus jujuba Indian Jujube/Ber regu Tree
(Ziziphus mauritiana)
281“ Ziziphus nummularia Jhar Beri Chinna regu shrub
282“ Ziziphus oenopolia Jackal Jujube Pariki Climber
283“ Ziziphus xylopyrus - Gotti Tree
284rubiaceae Canthium Canthium Balusu shrub
coromandelicum
(C. parviflorum)
285“ Catunaregam spinosa Mountain PomegranateManga shrub
286“ Gardenia latifolia Indian Boxwood Pedda Karinga Tree
AnGIOsPerMs

30. Biodiversity Field Guide I2016 I 33
s.noFamily scientific Common Telugu/hindi Type
name name name
287rubiaceae Gardenia resinifera Brilliant Gardenia Konda Manga Tree
288“ Haldina cordifolia haldu Pasupu-kadambaTree
289“ Ixora pavetta (I. arborea)Ixora/Torch Tree Korivi Tree
290“ Mitragyna parvifolia Kaim Batta Ganapu Tree
291“ Morinda pubescens Indian Mulberry Maddi, Maddicetti, Tree
Tagaru
292“ Oldenlandia umbellata - Chirval herb
(Hedyotis puberula)
293“ Tamilnadia uliginosa divine Jasmine - Tree
294rutaceae Aegle marmelos Golden Apple Maredu/Bael Tree
295“ Atalantia monophylla Indian Atlantia sima Chinta Tree
296“ Chloroxylon swietenia Ceylon satinwood Bildu Chettu Tree
297“ Murraya koenigii Curry Tree Karvepaaku Tree
298“ Naringi crenulata -- Tree
299salicaceae Casearia tomentosa Mojal Kanuvisiri Tree
(Casearia elliptica)
300salvadoraceaeSalvadora persica Toothbrush Tree Gunnangi shrub
301santalaceae Santalum album sandalwood srigandham Tree
302sapindaceae Allophylus cobbe Titberry erra Avalu shrub
303“ Cardiospermum Balloon Vine Buddaka kara Climber
halicacabum
304“ Dodonaea viscosa - Puli vailu shrub
305“ Sapindus emarginatus notched Leaf soapnutKunkudu Tree
306“ Schleichera oleosa Ceylon Oak Pusugu Tree
307sapotaceae Madhuca longifolia Mahua Ippa Tree
var. latifolia
308“ Madhuca longifolia Indian Butter Tree Pedda Ippa Tree
309“ Manilkara hexandra Ceylon Iron Wood Palapandlu Tree
310“ Mimusops elengi Maulsari Pogada Tree
311simaroubaceaeAilanthus excelsa Indian Tree of heavenPeddamanu Tree
312solanaceae Datura innoxia datura/Thorn-apple Ummetta shrub
313“ Datura metel Metel/ devil's TrumpetUmmetta shrub
314“ Physalis angulata Cutleaf GroundcherryBudda gosi herb
315“ Solanum surattense nightshade Mulla vankaya herb
316“ Withania somnifera Indian Ginseng/ Asvagandha herb
Ashwagandha
317Ulmaceae Holoptelea integrifolia Indian elm nemalinara Tree
318Violaceae Hybanthus enneaspermusspade Flower ratnapurush herb
319Vitaceae Ampelocissus latifolia Wild Grape Adavi Teega drakshaClimber
AnGIOsPerMs

31. 34IBiodiversity Field Guide I2016
AnGIOsPerMs
.noFamily scientific Common Telugu/hindi Type
name name name
320Vitaceae Ampelocissus tomentosahairy Wild Grape Gari Gummadi Climber
321“ Cissus adnata - Adavi Gummadi shrub
(C. pallida)
322“ Cissus quadrangularis Veldt Grape nalleru Climber
323“ Cissus vitiginea - Adavi draksha Climber
324“ Leea asiatica Banchalita - shrub
325Xanthorr- Aloe vera Aloe Vera Kalabanda herb
hoeaceae
326ZygophyllaceaeBalanites aegyptiaca desert date Gare shrub
Ficus dalhousiae

32. Biodiversity Field Guide I2016 I 35
AnGIOsPerMs
Abutilon indicum
(Indian Mallow)
Abildgaardia ovata
(Fimbristylis ovata)
Acacia caesia
(Korinda)
Acacia chundra
(senegalia Chundra)
Acacia farnesiana
(Mimosa Bush/ needle
Bush)
Acacia horrida
(rubber-thorn Tree)
Acacia leucophloea
(White Bark Acacia)
Acacia nilotica
(Gum Arabic Tree)
Acalypha indica
(Indian nettle)

33. 36IBiodiversity Field Guide I2016
AnGIOsPerMs
Acalypha lanceolata
(Indian Copperleaf)
Achyranthes aspera
(Prickly Chaff Flower)
Acanthus cristatus
(Lepidagathis cristata)
(Crested Lepidagathis)
Adenanthera pavonina
(saga (red Bead) Tree)
Aegle marmelos
(Golden Apple)
Aerva lanata
(Mountain Knot grass)
Agave americana
(Century Plant)
Ailanthus excelsa
(Indian Tree of heaven)
Alangium salviifolium
(sage-leaved Alangium)

34. Biodiversity Field Guide I2016 I 37
AnGIOsPerMs
Albizia amara
(Krishna siris)
Albizia lebbeck
(Woman's Tongue)
Albizia odoratissima
(Black siris)
Allmania nodiflora
(node Flower Allmania)
Aloe vera
(Aloe)
Alstonia scholaris
(Indian devil Tree)
Alternanthera sessilis
(Ponnaganti kura)
Alysicarpus monilifer
(Paisa alam)
Alysicarpus vaginalis
(Alyce Clover)

35. 38IBiodiversity Field Guide I2016
AnGIOsPerMs
Amaranthus viridis
(slender Amaranth)
Ampelocissus tomentosa
(hairy Wild Grape)
Andrographis echioides
(False Water Willow)
Adansonia digitata
(Brahma Amlika)
Anisomeles indica
(Indian Catmint)
Anisomeles malabarica
(Maga beera
Annona reticulata
(sugar Apple)
Annona squamosa
(Custard Apple)
Anogeissus latifolia
(Axle Wood Tree)

36. Biodiversity Field Guide I2016 I 39
AnGIOsPerMs
Apluda mutica
(Mauritian Grass)
Argyreia nervosa
(Baby Woodrose)
Aristolochia bracteolata
(Worm Killer)
Aristolochia indica
(Indian Birthwort)
Aristida adscensionis
(Cheepuru Gaddi)
Asparagus racemosus
(sathavari)
Azadirachta indica
(neem)
Balanites aegyptiaca
(desert date)
Baliospermum solanifolium
(Konda aamudam)

37. 40IBiodiversity Field Guide I2016
AnGIOsPerMs
Bambusa arundinacea
(Bamboo)
Barleria cristata
(Philippine Violet)
Barleria prionitis
(Porcupine Flower)
Barringtonia acutangula
(Barringtonia)
Bauhinia purpurea
(Kanchanam)
Bauhinia racemosa
(Bidi Leaf Tree)
Bauhinia vahlii
(Maloo Creeper)
Biophytum sensitivum
(Attipathri)
Blainvillea acmella
(Achenes truncate)

38. Biodiversity Field Guide I2016 I 41
AnGIOsPerMs
Bombax ceiba
(Cotton Tree)
Boswellia ovalifoliolata
(Konda sambrani)
Boswellia serrata
(Indian Frankincense)
Brachiaria ramosa
(dixie Liverseed Grass/
Browntop Millet)
Bridelia montana
(Panchoktam)
Bridelia retusa
(spinous Kino Tree)
Buchanania cochinchinensis
(saara Pappu)
Bulbostylis barbata
(samachamanti Gadda)
Butea monosperma
(Flame of the Forest)

39. 42IBiodiversity Field Guide I2016
AnGIOsPerMs
Butea superba
(Climbing Palas)
Caesalpinia pulcherrima
(Peacock Flower)
Cadaba fruticosa
(uttarasi)
Calamus rotang
(rattan Palm)
Calophyllum inophyllum
(sultan Champa)
Canthium coromandelicum
(naga bala)
Capparis zeylanica
(Ceylon Caper)
Caralluma adscendens
(Caralluma)
Cardiospermum
halicacabum
(Balloon Vine)

40. Biodiversity Field Guide I2016 I 43
AnGIOsPerMs
Careya arborea
(Wild Guava)
Carissa spinarum
(Bush Plum/ Conkerberry)
Caryota urens
(solitary Fishtail Palm)
Cassytha filiformis
(Love-vine)
Catharanthus pusillus
(Gurimidi)
Catunaregam spinosa
(Mountain Pomegranate)
Centella asiatica
(Indian Pennywort)
Ceropegia spiralis
(nimmataya)
Chloroxylon swietenia
(Ceylon satin wood)

41. 44IBiodiversity Field Guide I2016
AnGIOsPerMs
Chrysopogon fulvus
(dharaf grass)
Cissampelos pareira
(Abuta)
Cissus quadrangularis
(Veld Grape)
Citharexylum fruticosum
var. sub-serratum
Cleistanthus collinus
(Garari)
Clitoria ternatea
(Butterfly Pea)
Coccinia grandis
(Ivy Gourd)
Cocculus hirsutus
(Broom Creeper)
Cochlospermum religiosum
(Butter cup Tree)

42. Biodiversity Field Guide I2016 I 45
AnGIOsPerMs
Coldenia procumbens
(Creeping Coldenia)
Combretum albidum
(Piluki)
Commelina benghalensis
(Benghal dayflower)
Corchorus aestuans
(east Indian Mallow)
Corchorus capsularis
(Tossa Jute)
Cordia dichotoma
(Indian Cherry)
Costus speciosus
(Kevukanda)
Couroupita guianensis
(nagalingam)
Crateva adansonii
(Garlic Pear Tree)

43. 46IBiodiversity Field Guide I2016
AnGIOsPerMs
Crotalaria hebecarpa Crotalaria juncea
(sunn hemp)
Crotalaria pusilla
(small rattle Pod)
Crotalaria verrucosa
(Blue rattlepod)
Curculigo orchioides
(Golden eye-grass)
Cyanotis tuberosa
(selidiveru)
Cyanotis fasciculata
(Gollagundi)
Cymbopogon flexuosus
(Cochin Grass/ Malabar
Grass/ Lemongrass)
Cyperus rotundus
(Java Grass/ nut Grass)

44. Biodiversity Field Guide I2016 I 47
AnGIOsPerMs
Dalbergia lanceolaria subsp.
paniculata
Dalbergia latifolia
(east Indian rosewood)
Dalbergia sissoo
(Indian rosewood)
Datura innoxia
(datura/Thorn-apple)
Datura metel
(Metel/devil's Trumpet)
Delonix elata
(White Gulmohar)
Delonix regia
(Gulmohar)
Dendrophthoe falcata
(honey suckle Mistletoe)
Dichrostachys cinerea
(sicklebush/Chinese Lantern
Tree)

45. 48IBiodiversity Field Guide I2016
AnGIOsPerMs
Dioscorea pentaphylla
(Five leaf yam)
Diospyros chloroxylon
(Illinda)
Diospyros melanoxylon
(Coromandel ebony)
Dodonaea viscosa
(Puli vailu)
Erythrina variegata
(Indian Coral Tree)
Entada rheedii
(Konda Chinta)
Evolvulus alsinoides
(dwarf Morning Glory)
Ficus arnottiana Ficus benghalensis
(Indian Banyan)

46. Biodiversity Field Guide I2016 I 49
AnGIOsPerMs
Ficus dalhousiae Ficus hispida
(hairy Fig)
Ficus microcarpa
Ficus mollis
(soft Fig)
Ficus racemosa
(Cluster Fig Tree)
Ficus religiosa
Ficus rumphii Ficus semicordata Ficus virens

47. 50IBiodiversity Field Guide I2016
Givotia moluccana
(Tella Poliki)
Gmelina arborea
(Gamhar/ english
Beechwood)
Gmelina asiatica
(Asian Bushbeech)
Grewia hirsuta
(nagbala/ Kukurbicha)
Gymnema sylvestre
(Podapatri)
Haldina cordifolia
(haldu)
Hardwickia binata
(yepi)
Helicteres isora
(Indian screw Tree)
Heliotropium zeylanicum
(nagadanti)
AnGIOsPerMs

48. Biodiversity Field Guide I2016 I 51
ANGIoSpErMS
Hemidesmus indicus
(Sungandhipala teega)
Heteropogon contortus
(Spear Grass)
Holarrhena pubescens
(Indrajao)
Holoptelea integrifolia
(Indian Elm)
Hybanthus enneaspermus
(Spade Flower)
Ixora pavetta
(Ixora arborea)
(Ixora/ Torch Tree)
Jatropha curcas
(Jatropha)
Justicia adhatoda
(Malabar Nut)
Lagerstroemia parviflora
(Small Flowered Crape
Myrtle)

49. 52IBiodiversity Field Guide I2016
Lannea coromandelica
(Indian Ash Tree)
Leucas aspera
(Common Leucas)
Leucas cephalotes
(Spiderwort)
Madhuca longifolia var.
latifolia
(Mahua)
Maerua oblongifolia
(Desert Maerua)
Mallotus philippensis
(Kamala Tree)
Malvastrum
coromandelianum
(False Mallow)
Manilkara hexandra
(Ceylon Iron Wood)
Maytenus emarginata
(Danti)
ANGIoSpErMS

50. Biodiversity Field Guide I2016 I 53
ANGIoSpErMS
Mimusops elengi
(Maulsari)
Mitragyna parvifolia
(Kaim)
Momordica dioica
(Spiny Gourd)
Morinda pubescens
(Indian Mulberry)
Mucuna pruriens
(Velvet Bean)
Mundulea sericea
(Cork Bush)
Murraya koenigii
( Karvepaaku)
Naringi crenulata
(Torrivelaga)
Nyctanthes arbor-tristis
(Coral Jasmine)

51. 54IBiodiversity Field Guide I2016
Ocimum basilicum
(Sweet Basil)
Ocimum tenuiflorum
(Holy Basil/ Tulsi)
Oldenlandia umbellata
(Hedyotis puberula)
Passiflora edulis
(Gaju Teega)
Pavonia zeylanica
(Karubenda)
Pergularia daemia
(Trellis-vine)
Peltophorum pterocarpum
(pachasunkesula)
Phoenix loureiroi
(Konda Eeta)
Phoenix sylvestris
(Silver Date palm)
ANGIoSpErMS

52. Biodiversity Field Guide I2016 I 55
ANGIoSpErMS
Phyllanthus amarus
(Carry Me Seed)
Phyllanthus emblica
(Indian Gooseberry)
Phyllanthus
maderaspatensis
(Madras Leaf-Flower)
Phyllanthus reticulatus
(Black-Honey Shrub)
Phyllanthus urinaria
(Chamber Bitter)
Physalis angulata
(Cutleaf Groundcherry)
Pithecellobium dulce
(Madras Thorn)
Polycarpaea corymbosa
(oldman's Cap)
Polygala elongata

53. 56IBiodiversity Field Guide I2016
Pongamia pinnata
(Kanuga)
Portulaca oleracea
(Common purslane)
Prosopis cineraria
(Jammi Chettu)
Pterocarpus marsupium
(Vegisa)
Pterocarpus santalinus
(red Sandalwood)
Rivea hypocrateriformis
(Midnapore Creeper)
Sapindus emarginatus
(Notched Leaf Soapnut)
Senna auriculata
(Cassia auriculata)
(Tagedu)
Senna obtusifolia
(Cassia obtusifolia)
(Chinese Senna )
ANGIoSpErMS

54. Biodiversity Field Guide I2016 I 57
ANGIoSpErMS
Setaria pumila
(Yellow Foxtail)
Sida acuta
(Common Wireweed)
Sida spinosa
(prickly Fanpetals)
Soymida febrifuga
(Indian redwood)
Stachytarpheta
jamaicensis
(Blue porterweed)
Sterculia urens
(Firmiana simplex)
(Gum Karaya)
Strychnos nux-vomica
(Visha Mushti)
Strychnos potatorum
(Chillaginja)
Syzygium alternifolium
(Jamun)

55. 58IBiodiversity Field Guide I2016
Syzygium cumini
(Neredu)
Tabebuia rosea
(pink Trumpet Tree)
Tectona grandis
(Teak)
Tephrosia pumila
(Indigo Sauvage)
Tephrosia villosa
(Wild Indigo)
Teramnus labialis
(Blue Wiss)
Terminalia alata
(Nalamaddi)
Terminalia arjuna
(Tellamaddi)
Terminalia bellirica
(Thani)
ANGIoSpErMS

56. Biodiversity Field Guide I2016 I 59
ANGIoSpErMS
Thimmamma Marri Maanu in Gootubailu Village,
Anantapuramu District
Terminalia chebula
(Karakkai)
Thespesia lampas
(Ban Kapas)
Thespesia populnea
(portia Tree/ Indian Tulip)
Vitex altissima
(Nemali Adugu)
Wrightia tinctoria
(pala kodisa)
Zingiber officinale
(Sweet ginger)

57. 60IBiodiversity Field Guide I2016
ANGIoSpErMS
Pterocarpus santalinus

58. Biodiversity Field Guide I2016 I 61
Aeschynomene indica
(Indian Joint Vetch)
Ammannia baccifera
(Monarch redstem)
Bacopa monnieri
(Indian pennywort)
Flora associated with freshwater
Freshwater flora comprises plants that inhabit rivers, lakes, ditches, rice fields and other
freshwater ecosystems. These plants are especially adapted to life in water they play a crucial
role in maintaining nutrient cycles in water and providing food for aquatic animals. Moreover,
the plants play a major role in self-purification of water.
S.NoFamily Scientific Name Common Name Telugu/Hindi NameType
1 Araceae Pistia stratiotes Water Lettuce Akasatamara, Herb
Jalkumbhi
2 Asteraceae Caesulia axillaris pink Node Flower Erra Gobbi Herb
3“ Eclipta prostrata False Daisy Guntakalagara Herb
4 Lythraceae Ammannia baccifera Monarch redstem Agnivendapaku Herb
5 NelumbonaceaeNelumbo nucifera Indian Lotus Tamara Herb
6 NymphaeaceaeNymphaea nouchali Star Water Lily Neeti Kaluva Herb
7“ Nymphaea pubescenspink Water Lily - Herb
8 Fabaceae - Aeschynomene indicaindian Joint Vetch Jeeluga Herb
Faboideae
9 pontederiaceaeEichhornia crassipes Water Hyacinth Jammu Herb
10ScrophulariaceaeBacopa monnieri Indian pennywort Saraswataaku Herb
11Typhaceae Typha domingensis Lesser indian Dabbu Jambu Herb
reed Mace
12Verbenaceae Phyla nodiflora Sawtooth Frogfruit Bokkenaku Herb
FrESHWATEr
pLANTS

59. 62IBiodiversity Field Guide I2016
Caesulia axillaris
(pink Node Flower)
Eclipta prostrata
(Bhringraj)
Eichhornia crassipes
(Water Hyacinth)
Monochoria vaginalis
(oval-Leafed pondweed)
Nelumbo nucifera
(Indian Lotus)
Nymphaea nouchali
(Water Water Lily)
Nymphaea pubescens
(pink Water Lily)
Phyla nodiflora
(Sawtooth Frogfruit)
Pistia stratiotes
(Water Lettuce)
FrESHWATEr
pLANTS

60. Biodiversity Field Guide I2016 I 63
Mangroves
Mangroves are trees and shrubs that grow in the saline coastal sediment habitats in tropic and
subtropic estuarine regions. They develop great number of physiological adaptations to
overcome problems of anoxia, high salinity, and frequent tidal inundation. Each species has its
own solutions to the above obstacles: this is why mangrove tree species show distinct zonation
along coasts.
once established, mangrove roots provide an oyster habitat and slow water flow, enhancing
sediment deposition along the shore. This acts as natural flood control for the coastline, and
prevents its easy erosion by the waves. With this control, mangroves build their own
environment, sometimes with unique species inhabiting it, thus making these ecosystems the
centres of biodiversity.
S.No.Family Scientific Name Vernacular Common Name Availability
Name (Telugu)
1Acanthaceae Acanthus illicifolius Aalchi Sea Holly Very Common
2Avicenniaceae Avicennia alba Vilva mada - Common
3" Avicennia marina Tella mada Grey Mangrove Very Common
4" Avicennia officinalis Nalla mada - Very Common
5Combretaceae Lumnitzera racemosaThanduga - Common
6EuphorbiaceaeExcorcaria agallocha Tilla Milky Mangrove Very Common
7Lythraceae Sonneratia apetala Kalinga Sonneratia rare
8“ Sonneratia alba pedda Kalinga Mangrove rare
9Meliaceae Xylocarpus moluccensisSenuga - rare
10rhizophoraceaeBruguiera cylindrica Voorudu - Moderate
11" Bruguiera gymnorrhizaKandriga oriental MangroveModerate
12" Ceriops decandra Togara - Moderate
13" Rhizophora apiculataponna - Very Common
14" Rhizophora mucronataUppu ponna Loop-root MangroveCommon
15rubiaceae Scyphiphora Nara thanduga- rare
hydrophillaceae
16Verbenaceae Aegiceras corniculatumGuggilam Black Mangrove/ Common
river Mangrove
MANGroVES

61. 64IBiodiversity Field Guide I2016
Acanthus ilicifolius
(Sea Holly)
Aegiceras corniculatum
(Black Mangrove/ river
Mangrove)
Avicennia alba
(Elava mada)
Avicennia marina
(Tella mada)
Avicennia officinalis
(Nallamala)
Bruguiera gymnorhiza
(oriental Mangrove)
Ceriops decandra
(Togara)
Excoecaria agallocha
(Milky Mangrove)
Rhizophora apiculata
(ponna)
MANGroVES

62. Biodiversity Field Guide I2016 I 65
ornamental plants
ornamental plants are grown mainly for decorative purposes in houses, gardens and
landscaped areas. They are cultivated for aesthetic features like plant, flowers, leaves,
fragrance, foliage texture, fruits, stems, bark etc.
S.NoCategory Family Scientific Name Common Name Telugu/ Hindi
Name
1 Bamboos Liliaceae Ophiopogon Giant Lily Turf -
and Grasses jaburan'Variegata'
2 poaceae Bambusa tuldoides Buddha, Belly Bamboo-
3" Bambusa vulgaris Tiger Bamboo -
4" Pennisetum hohenackeriFountain Grass -
5" Phalaris arundinacea ribbon Grass/ -
reed Canary Grass
6" Phyllostachys aurea Golden Bamboo -
7" Phyllostachys nigra Black Bamboo -
8 Cactii and Agavaceae Furcraea foetida Giant Cabuya -
Succulents
9 Apocynaceae Adenium obesum Desert rose -
10 Asparagaceae Yucca aloifolia Spanish Dagger -
11 " Agave americana Century plant -
12 " Sansevieria trifasciataSnake plant -
13 Cactaceae Opuntia ficus-indica Barbary Fig/Indian Fig-
14 CommelinaceaeTradescantia pallida purple Heart -
15 " Tradescantia spathacearhoeo/Moses in -
the Cradle
orNAMENTAL
pLANTS
Tabebuia aurea

63. 66IBiodiversity Field Guide I2016
S.NoCategory Family Scientific Name Common Name Telugu/ Hindi
Name
16 Crassulaceae Kalanchoe blossfeldianaFlaming Katy -
17 EuphorbiaceaeEuphorbia milii Crown of Thorns -
18 “ Euphorbia tithymaloidesDevil's Backbone
(Pedilanthus
tithymaloides)
19 Liliaceae Aloe vera Aloe vera Kalabanda
20 Fabaceae - Leucaena retusa Goldenball Leadtree -
Mimosoideae
21Climbers and Acanthaceae Thunbergia alata Black-eyed Susan Vine-
Creepers
22 Annonaceae Artabotrys hexapetalusArtabotrys Hari Champa
(Hindi)
23 Araceae Epipremnum aureum pothos/Money plant -
24 “ Monstera deliciosa Split Leaf philodendron-
25 “ Syngonium Sp. Arrowhead plant -
26 Apocynaceae Allamanda cathartica Golden Trumpet Vine-
27 Asteraceae Senecio confusus Mexican Flame Vine -
28 “ Vernonia elaeagnifoliaCurtain Creeper parda bel (Hindi)
29 “ Wedelia urticaefolia Nettle-leaved Wedelia-
30 Bignoniaceae Mansoa alliacea Garlic Vine -
31 Fabaceae - Cassia fistula Golden Shower Amaltas (Hindi)
Caesalpinioideae
32 CombretaceaeCombretum indicum rangoon Creeper Madhu Malati
(Hindi)
33 ConvolvulaceaeIpomoea arachnospermaHairy Little Bell -
34 “ Jacquemontia ovalifoliaoval-leaf Clustervine -
35 NyctaginaceaeBougainvillea glabra Bougainvillea Kagithala puvvu
36 oleaceae Jasminum sambac Jasmine Mogra (Hindi)
37 passifloraceaePassiflora amethystinapassion Flower -
38Flowering AmaranthaceaeCelosia argentea Crested Cockscomb Lalmurga (Hindi)
Seasonals var. cristata
39 “ Gomphrena globosa Gomphrena/ Globe Gul-e-makhmal
Amaranth (Hindi)
40 Apocynaceae Kopsia fruticosa Shrub Vinca -
41 Asteraceae Calendula officinalis pot Marigold Genda (Hindi)
42 “ Callistephus chinensisChina Aster
43 “ Chrysanthemum Cosmos / -
morifolium Chrysanthemum
44 “ Sanvitalia procumbensCreeping Zinnia -
45 “ Tagetes erecta Marigold Bantipoo
46 Lamiaceae Salvia divinorum Salvia/Diviner's Sage -
orNAMENTAL
pLANTS

64. Biodiversity Field Guide I2016 I 67
S.NoCategory Family Scientific Name Common Name Telugu/ Hindi
Name
47 Malvaceae Alcea rosea Hollyhock -
48 ScrophulariaceaeAntirrhinum majus Dog Flower/Snapdragon-
49FloweringApocynaceae Nerium oleander oleander Kaner (Hindi)
plants
50 Araceae Anthurium andraeanumFlamingo Flower -
51 Asteraceae Gerbera jamesonii Gerbera Daisy -
52 Bignoniaceae Tecoma castanifolia Chestnutleaf -
53 Cactaceae Hylocereus undatus Night Queen/Night -
Blooming Cereus
54 EuphorbiaceaeEuphorbia leucocephalapascuita/Snow Bush -
55 MalpighiaceaeGalphimia glauca Slender Goldshower -
56 Malvaceae Hibiscus rosa-sinensisHibiscus/China rose Gurhal (Hindi)
57 plumbaginaceaePlumbago indica plumbago Lal Chitrak (Hindi)
58 portulacaceaePortulaca oleracea purslane -
59 rosaceae Rosa 'Santana' rose Gulabi
60 rubiaceae Gardenia gummifera Gummy Gardenia Cittamali
61 “ Hamelia patens Fire Bush -
62 “ Ixora coccinea Ixora rugmini (Hindi)
63 “ Mussaenda philippica White Mussaenda/ -
'Aurorae' Bangkok rose
64 “ Pentas lanceolata Star Cluster -
65 Strelitziaceae Strelitzia reginae Bird of paradise -
66 Verbenaceae Lantana indica Indian Lantana -
67Foliage plantsAcanthaceae Eranthemum pulchellumBlue Sage Neelambaramu
68 “ Graptophyllum pictum Caricature plant -
69 Agavaceae Cordyline fruticosa Ti plant -
70 AmaranthaceaeAlternanthera sessilis Sessile Joyweed ponnagantikura
71 Araceae Aglaonema commutatumphilippine Evergreen -
72 “ Caladium bicolor Fancy-leaf Caladium -
73 “ Dieffenbachia bowmanniiDumb Cane -
74 “ Rhaphidophora decursivaCreeping philodendron-
75 “ Spathiphyllum wallisiipeace Lily -
76 Araliaceae Aralia elata Japanese Angelica Tree-
77 “ Schefflera venulosa Schefflera Vine Chippari, Gaalana
78 Asteraceae Jacobaea maritima Dusty Miller -
79 Cupressaceae Juniperus communis Common Juniper -
80 “ Thuja standishii Japanese Thuja -
81 EuphorbiaceaeAcalypha hispida Cat's Tail -
82 “ Manihot esculenta Tapioca Karrapendalamu
orNAMENTAL
pLANTS

65. 68IBiodiversity Field Guide I2016
S.NoCategory Family Scientific Name Common Name Telugu/ Hindi
Name
83 Lamiaceae Plectranthus Coleus -
scutellarioides
(Coleus blumei)
84 Liliaceae Asparagus filicinus Fern Asparagus Chiriya- kanda
(Hindi)
85 “ Dracaena reflexa Song of India -
86 Malvaceae Decaschistia crotonifoliaCroton Leaf Konda Gogu
Mysore Mallow
87 Moraceae Ficus benjamina Weeping Fig Konda Golugu,
pedda Zuvvi,
putra Zuvvi
88 Musaceae Excoecaria agallocha Blinding Tree Tella
89 “ Ravenala Traveller's palm -
madagascariensis
90 NyctaginaceaePisonia umbellifera Lettuce Tree -
91 pandanaceae Pandanus utilis Common Screw pine -
92 rutaceae Murraya paniculata Chinese Box Nagagolungu
93 Verbenaceae Duranta erecta 'Alba'White Sky Flower -
94 Zingiberaceae Alpinia nutans Shell Flower/ -
Dwarf Cardamom
95Lawn Grasspoaceae Zoysia matrella Lawn Grass -
(Manila Grass)
96palms Arecaceae Adonidia merrillii Manila palm -
97 “ Areca catechu Betel palm Ghonta,
Khapuramu,
Kramukamu,
poka, pugamu
98 “ Bismarckia nobilis Bismarck palm -
99 “ Caryota urens Fishtail palm Mari (Hindi)
100 “ Cocos nucifera Coconut palm
101 “ Dypsis decaryi Triangle palm -
102 “ Dypsis lutescens Areca palm -
103 “ Hyophorbe indica Champagne palm -
104 “ Latania lontaroides red Latan palm -
105 “ Livistona chinensis Chinese Fan palm -
106 “ Phoenix dactylifera Date palm -
107 “ Pritchardia pacifica Fiji Fan palm -
108 “ Rhapis excelsa Broadleaf Lady palm -
109 “ Roystonea regia royal palm -
110 “ Washingtonia filifera petticoat palm/ -
California Fan palm
orNAMENTAL
pLANTS

66. Biodiversity Field Guide I2016 I 69
S.NoCategory Family Scientific Name Common Name Telugu/ Hindi
Name
111 Arecaceae Wodyetia bifurcata Foxtail palm -
112pond plantsAraceae Alocasia macrorrhizosElephant Ear Taro -
113 Cannaceae Canna indica Indian Shot/Canna Sarvajjaya (Hindi)
114 Cyperaceae Cyperus alternifolius Umbrella palm -
115 NelumbonaceaeNelumbo nucifera Lotus Tamara, Erra-
tamara
116Trees Annonaceae Polyalthia longifolia False Ashok Devdaru
117 Apocynaceae Alstonia venenata poison Devil Tree Edaakula paala
118 " Plumeria alba Temple Tree/ -
Frangipani
119 AraucariaceaeAraucaria columnaris Christmas Tree -
120 Bignoniaceae Jacaranda mimosifoliaBlue Jacaranda Neeli Gulmohar
(Hindi)
121 " Kigelia africana Sausage Tree EnugaThondamu,
Kijili, Naagamalle
122 " Millingtonia hortensisIndian Cork Tree Kavuki
123 " Spathodea campanulataAfrican Tulip rugtoora (Hindi)
124 " Tabebuia cassinoides Tabebuias -
125 Bombacaceae Adansonia digitata Baobab Brahmaaamlika
126 " Bombax ceiba Silk Cotton Shalmali (Hindi)
127 Boraginaceae Cordia sebestena Scarlet Cordia Virigi (Telugu)
128 Clusiaceae Calophyllum inophyllumAlexandrian Laurel Sultan Champa
(Hindi)
129 CombretaceaeTerminalia catappa Indian Almond Tapasataruvu
130 Cyatheaceae Cyathea caudata Fern Tree -
131 Dilleniaceae Dillenia indica Elephant Apple Chalta (Hindi)
132 Fabaceae - Cassia roxburghi red Cassia -
Mimosoideae
133 Mimosaceae Albizia saman rain Tree Gulabi Siris
(Samanea saman) (Hindi)
134 " Bauhinia acuminata Bauhinia/ Dwarf Safed Kachnar
White orchid Tree (Hindi)
135 " Delonix regia Flame Tree Gulmohar (Hindi)
136 Erythrina corallodendronShady Coral Tree -
137 " Parkia biglandulosa Badminton Ball Tree Chendul-Ka-jhar
(Hindi)
138 " Peltophorum Copperpod peela
pterocarpum Gulmohar (Hindi)
139 LecythidaceaeCouroupita guianensisCannonball Tree Nagalinga (Hindi)
140 Lythraceae Lagerstroemia indica Common Crape Myrtle Chinagoranta
/pride of India
orNAMENTAL
pLANTS

67. orNAMENTAL
pLANTS
70IBiodiversity Field Guide I2016
S.NoCategory Family Scientific Name Common Name Telugu/ Hindi
Name
141 Magnoliaceae Magnolia champaca Champa Champangi
142 " Magnolia grandiflora Magnolia Him Champa
(Hindi)
143 Malvaceae Pterospermum Maple-leaved Matsakanda
acerifolium Bayur tree
144 " Thespesia populnea Indian Tulip paras pipal(Hindi)
145 Meliaceae Swietenia mahagoni Big Leaf Mahogany -
146 Moraceae Artocarpus lacucha Lakoocha Lakoocha (Hindi)
147 Myrtaceae Callistemon citrinus Crimson Bottlebrush -
148 " Melaleuca bracteata Golden Bottlebrush -
149 oleaceae Nyctanthes arbor-tristisparijath/ Coral JasmineHar Singar (Hindi)
150 proteaceae Grevillea robusta Silver oak -
151 rubiaceae Neolamarckia cadambaKadamb rudrakskamba
152 Sapotaceae Mimusops elengi Spanish Cherry Maulsari (Hindi)
153 Solanaceae Solanum macranthum Giant potato Tree -
154 Verbenaceae Citharexylum spinosumFiddle Wood -
Canna indica

68. orNAMENTAL
pLANTS
Biodiversity Field Guide I2016 I 71
Anthocephalus chinensis
(Kadamba)
Caladium bicolor Callistemon citrinus
(Bottle brush)
Cassia roxburghii
(Erra munaga)
Cordia sebastena Delonix regia
(Erra sunkesula)
Jacaranda mimosifolia

69. 72IBiodiversity Field Guide I2016
orNAMENTAL
pLANTS
Jacaranda mimosifolia
(Swarnasundari)
Kigelia africana
(Avaguda)
Magnolia champaca
(Chettu sampanga)
Millingtionia hortensis
(Kadamalli)
Plumeria alba
(Devaganneru)
Spathodea campanulata
(Banduga)
Delonix regia

70. Gloriosa superba
Biodiversity Field Guide I2016 I 73
MEDICINAL
pLANTS
Medicinal plants
plants have the ability to synthesize a wide variety of chemical compounds and are used to cure
human and animal diseases. At least some 12,000 useful compounds have been isolated so far from
plants. According to WHo 80 percent of the population of some Asian and African countries
presently use herbal medicine for some aspect of primary health care. In India about 8000 species
of medicinal plants are in preparation of over 10,000 drug formulations. In the context of fast
erosion of cultural diversity in different parts of the world and many of the medicinal plants of high
potential value are threatened by either over-harvest or loss of habitat. Ayurveda, Homeopathy,
Unani and Siddha medicines are relied on medicinal plants. Some of the common medicinal plant
species used in Andhra pradesh are presented here. of the 32 medicinal plants prioritised by AYUSH,
the following 21 are growing in the state of Andhra pradesh. Aegle marmelos, Andrographis
paniculata, Asparagus racemosus, Bacopa monnieri, Coleus barbatus, Commiphora wightii, Embelia
ribes, Emblica officinalis, Garcinia indica, Gloriosa superba, Gymnema sylvestre, Ocimum sanctum,
Phyllanthus amarus, Piper longum, Plantago ovata, Rauwolfia serpentine, Santalum album, Saraca
asoca, Solanum nigrum, Tinospora cordifolia and Withania somnifera.

71. 74IBiodiversity Field Guide I2016
SFamily Scientific Common ApI Name Telugu/ Medicinal
No. Name Name Hindi Nameproperty
1Acanthaceae Andrographis Kariyat/Creat/ - Nela vemu Treats respiratory
paniculata King of Bitters infection, ulcerative
colitis and rheumatic
symptoms
2“ Justicia adhatoda Malabar NutVasa Addasaram Anti-microbial
(Adhatoda zeylanica)
3Acoraceae Acorus calamus Sweet Flag Vaca Vaja Counters the side effects
of hallucinogens
4AnacardiaceaeSemecarpus Marking NutBhallataka Nalla Jeedi Anti-atherogenic,
anacardium anti¬inflammatory, anti-
oxidant, anti-microbial,
anti- reproductive, anti-
carcinogenic
5Apiaceae Centella asiatica Indian Mandukaparni SaraswatakuTreats nervous disorders,
pennywort epilepsy, senility and
premature aging
6ApocynaceaeCatharanthus roseusperiwinkle Billa GanneruTreats diabetes, malaria,
leukemia, and Hodgkin's
lymphoma
7“ Decalepis hamiltoniiSwallow root- Nannari, General vitaliser, blood
Maredu purifier, wound healer,
anti-poisoning agent
8“ Hemidesmus indicusIndian Sveta sarivaAnatmool, Facilitates trances for
Sarasparilla Suganda paladeep meditation,
relaxant
9“ Holarrhena pubescensIndrajao KutajaIndrayava Kodisepala, Astringent, anti-
Kolamukku, dysenteric,
Kondamalle, anthelmintic. Treats
Kutajamu anthelmintic. Treats
amoebic dysentery &
diarrhoea
10“ Holostemma Holostemma - Jeevanti, Anti-microbial
ada-kodien Creeper palagurugu
11“ Rauvolfia serpentinaIndian SnakerootSarpagandhaSarpagandhaTranquilizer and sedative
12“ Wrightia tinctoria Sweet Indrajao/- Inderjau Anti-inflammatory and
pala Indigo anti-dandruff. Treats
psoriasis and non-specific
dermatitis
13“ Gymnema sylvestre Gurmar Mesarngi podapatri Anti-sweet activity,
anti¬diabetic effect.
Treats constipation,
water retention, and liver
disease
14Asteraceae Eclipta prostrata False Daisy BhringarajaGuntagalagaraTreats jaundice, fatty
liver,
and hemorrhoids
15BignoniaceaeOroxylum indicum Broken Bones Syonaka Tetu Chhal, Astringent and anodyne
Tree Manduka - (painkiller)
parnamu,
pampena
MEDICINAL pLANTS

72. Biodiversity Field Guide I2016 I 75
SFamily Scientific Common ApI Name Telugu/ Medicinal
No. Name Name Hindi Nameproperty
16Malvaceae Bombax ceiba red Silk Cotton Salmali Booruga Anti-cancer agent,
Tree anti¬inflammatory, anti-
arthritic, anti-mutagenic,
anti-malarial and anti-
plasmodial
17Burseraceae Boswellia serrata Indian Kunduru Guggilamu, Treats inflammatory
Frankinscense parangi, diseases including
Sambrani chetturheumatoid arthritis,
bronchial asthma,
osteoarthritis, ulcerative
colitis and Crohn's
disease
18ColchicaceaeGloriosa superba Glory Lily Langali Kalihari, Treats open wounds and
Agnisikha ulcers caused by
numerous ailments and
diseases, arthritis.
Counters many internal
parasites as an
Anthelminc and laxative.
Also an alexiteric
(anti¬venom)
19CombretaceaeTerminalia arjuna Arjuna Tree Arjuna Tella maddiCardioprotective. Treats
cholesterol issues,
reduces angina episodes
20“ Terminalia bellirica Baheda Bibhitaka Thani, Behra, Treats jaundice, TB, and
Bhutavasamulung problems
21“ Terminalia chebula Chelubic Haritaki Harda, Laxative, rejuvenant,
Myrobalan Nallakaraka purgative, astringent
22ConvolvulaceaeIpomoea mauritianaGiant potato Kshiravidaripalmudhakkan, Anti-toxin
Nelagummudu
23“ Operculina turpethumTransparent Trivrta Nishoth Anti-ulcer
rose Wood
24CucurbitaceaeCitrullus colocynthisBitter Apple IndravaruniIndrayan, Anti-microbial,
Chitti-paparaAnti-diabetic
25Cleomaceae Cleome felina --- Anti-microbial
26“ Cassia fistula Golden Shower Aragvadha Amaltas, relapurgative, general health
Tree enhancement
27EuphorbiaceaeEuphorbia --- Asthma
nallamalayana
28Fabaceae - Saraca asoca Sita Ashoka Sita AshokaAsokamu Treats uterine bleeding,
Caesalpinioideae dysmenorrhoea and
depression in women
29“ Senna alexandrina Tirunelveli SvarnapatriSonamukhi purgative, Anti-pyretic,
(Cassia angustifolia)Senna Nelaponna
laxative, vermifuge, and
Nelatangedu diuretic
30“ Senna insularis Tropical Chaksoo, Acts as poison
(Cassia absus) Sensitive pea Chanupala cleanser
vittulu
MEDICINAL pLANTS

73. 76IBiodiversity Field Guide I2016
SFamily Scientific Common ApI Name Telugu/ Medicinal
No. Name Name Hindi Nameproperty
31Fabaceae - Senna tora Stinking CassiaprapunnadaChakoda BeejaTreats swellings
Caesalpinioideae(Cassia tora)
32Fabaceae - Cullen corylifolium Scurfy pea Bakuchi Bawachi, Chemoprotective,
Faboideae (Psoralea corylifolia) Bavanchalu anti-oxidant,
anti¬microbial, and
anti¬inflammatory
33“ Desmodium Sal-leaved Salaparni Gitanaramu Treats neurological
gangeticum Desmodium imbalances
34“ Mucuna pruriens Velvet Bean AtmaguptaKaunch BeejManages and treats
parkinson's disease.
35“ Pongamia pinnata Indian Beech Karanja Kanuga, KaranjiAnti-plasmoidal, anti-
Tree inflmmatory, anti-
oxidant, anti-
hyperglycemic
36“ Pterocarpus marsupiumIndian Kino TreeAsana Aegisa, Astringent
Damulakhwain
37“ Pterocarpus santalinusred Sanders raktachandanarakatachandanAnti-pyretic,
anti¬inflammatory,
anthelmintic, cooling
agent, aphridisiac, anti-
hypperglycemic.
38“ Tephrosia purpurea Wild Indigo Sarpankha Anthelmintic, alexiteric,
alterative, and anti-
pyretic. Treats leprosy,
ulcers, asthma, and
tumors
40Fabaceae - Butea monosperma Flame of palasa, palasahTesu phool Acts as a mosquito
Faboideae the Forest repellent
41“ Zornia gibbosa -- Hunam Anti-inflammatory
42Fabaceae - Albizia amara Krishna Siris - Narlinga Treats malaria, ulcers,
Mimosoideae and coughs
43GentianaceaeConvolvulus prostrate SankapuspiShankhapushpipotent memory
microphyllus Bindweed enhancing
drug, psycho¬stimulant
and tranquilizer. Treats
epilepsy and
hypertension
44Lamiaceae Ocimum basilicum Common Basil- Kali Tulasi Anti-bacterial, Anti-
fungal, Anti-spasmodic,
and digestive
45“ Ocimum tenuiflorum Holy Basil/TulsiTulasi Tulasi Helps to adapt to stress.
(Ocimum sanctum) Acts as insect repellent
46“ Plectranthus barbatusIndian ColeusGandira Gandhira Treats heart disease,
convulsions, spasmodic
pain, and painful
urination
MEDICINAL pLANTS

74. SFamily Scientific Common ApI Name Telugu/ Medicinal
No. Name Name Hindi Nameproperty
46Lamiaceae Vitex negundo Five-leaved Nirgundi, Neergundi, Acts as pest repellant for
Chaste Tree renuka Vavili stored garlic. Treats
eczema, ringworm, liver
disorders, spleen
enlargement, and
rheumatic pain
47“ Coleus forskohlii Coleus - pashana bedhiCardiovascular, skin
diseases,treatment for
digestive system.
48Liliaceae Asparagus racemosusWild AsparagusSatavari Chall agadda, Acts as a galactogogue
Ettavaludutige(to improve breast milk)
49“ Chlorophytum Safed Musli - Kuchhela, popular tonic and
tuberosum Sarala pagada, aphrodisiac. Treats
Vusiri guinea-worm infections
50Loganiaceae Strychnos potatorumClearing-nut Kataka Nirmali, Treats eye diseases,
Tree Chelaginja poisoning, and
hallucinations
51“ Strychnos nux-vomicaNux Vomica Visha mustiKuchla, Suppresses allergen-
Mushidi specific Immunoglobulin
E, elevates blood
pressure
52Malvaceae Sida cordifolia Country Mallow- Bala Treats diarrhea. Acts as
rejuvenant, diuretic, and
astringent
53“ Firmiana simplex Gum Karaya - Tapasi, Kovila, Treats wounds and
Karaya, Kaviliinfections
54Meliaceae Azadirachta indica Neem Nimba Vepa Anthelmintic, anti-
fungal, anti-diabetic, anti-
bacterial, anti-viral,
contraceptive and
sedative
55MenispermaceaeTinospora sinensis Gulbel/indian Guduci Giloy, Treats diabetes, high
(T. cordifolia) Tinospora Manapala cholesterol, gout,
lymphoma and other
cancers, rheumatoid
arthritis, hepatitis, peptic
ulcer disease, and STDs
(Sexually Transmitted
Diseases)
56NyctaginaceaeBoerhavia diffusa red Spiderling /punarnava punarnava Anti-bacterial, anti-
Four o'clock rakta, rakta- oxidant, heptaprotective,
Flower punarnava and hypoglycemic.
Helps improve and
protect eye sight
57phyllanthaceaePhyllanthus amarusCarry Me SeedTamalaki Bhumiamla Treats liver-related
diseases, kidney stones,
hepatitis B, and jaundice
Biodiversity Field Guide I2016 I 77
MEDICJNAL pLANS

75. 78IBiodiversity Field Guide I2016
MEDICINAL pLANTS
SFamily Scientific Common ApI Name Telugu/ Medicinal
No. Name Name Hindi Nameproperty
58“ Phyllanthus emblica Gooseberry Amalaki Usiri, Amla Anti-oxidant,
(Emblica officinalis) hypotensive. Acts as an
anntacid, tonic, and mild
laxative
59piperaceae Piper longum Long pepperpippalimula, pippalu Acts as stimulant for
pippali digestive and the
respiratory systems.
Treats bronchitis and
diseases of spleen
60plumbaginaceaePlumbago zeylanica Ceylon Chitraka Chitraka Anti-inflammatory. Treats
Leadwort skin diseases
61rutaceae Aegle marmelos Golden AppleBilva Maredu, BaelTherapy for gastroin
testinal diseases, piles,
oedema, jaundice, and
obesity
62Santalaceae Santalum album Sandalwood SvetacandanaChandan Treats common colds,
skin disorders, heart
ailments, general
weakness, liver and
gallbladder complaints
63Sapotaceae Madhuca longifolia Mahua/ Tree Madhuka Madhuka, IppaUsed for skincare, to
var. latifolia Indian Butter manufacture soap or
detergents. Also used as
a vegetable butter
64Solanaceae Datura metel Metel/Devil's Dhattura Duttura Treasts superficial skin
Trumpet diseases
65“ Solanum americanum Black/American Kakamaci Makoi, KasakaStrong sudorific,
(S. nigrum) Nightshade analgesic
and sedative with
powerful narcotic
properties. Treats
dysentery, ulcers,
tubercolosis, and
asthama
66“ Solanum virginianum-- Vakudu Heliminthiasis, Diuretic,
(S. Surattense) Stomachic, tooth
problems
67“ Withania somnifera AshwagandhaAsvagandhaVajigandha Treats tumors, tubercular
glands, carbuncles, and
ulcers
68Xanthorrhoe-Aloe vera Aloe Vera Kanyasara Kumari Anti-inflammatory
aceae
69ZingiberaceaeCurcuma angustifoliaEast Indian Thikhur, Ararut-gaddalu
Arrow root Anti-fungal and anti-
bacterial. Treats
dysentery, diarrhea, and
colitis.
70ZygophyllaceaeTribulus terrestris puncture VineGoksura Gokhru Anti-bacterial, anti-viral,
aphrodisiac, astringent,
diuretic, and stimulant

76. Biodiversity Field Guide I2016 I 79
MEDICINAL pLANTS
Acorus calamus
(Sweet Flag)
Aegle marmelos
(Golden Apple)
Andrographis paniculata
(Nela vemu)
Boerhavia diffusa
(red Spiderling/Four
o’clock Flower)
Cassia fistula
(Golden Shower Tree)
Catharanthus roseus
(periwinkle)
Chlorophytum tuberosum
(Safed Musli)
Cleome felina Coleus forskohlii
(pashana bedhi)

77. 80IBiodiversity Field Guide I2016
Decalepis hamiltonii
(Maredu Kommulu)
Eclipta prostrata
(False Daisy)
Euphorbia nallamalayana
Holostemma ada-kodien
(Holostemma creeper)
Operculina turpethum
(Transparent rose Wood)
Oroxylum indicum
(Broken Bones Tree)
Piper Sp.
(pepper)
Plumbago zeylanica
(Ceylon Leadwort)
Rauvolfia serpentina
(Sarpagandha)
MEDICINAL pLANTS

78. Biodiversity Field Guide I2016 I 81
Santalum album
(Sandal wood)
Saraca asoca
(Sita Ashoka)
Semecarpus anacardium
(Marking nut)
Senna tora
(Cassia tora)
(Indian Snakeroot)
Sida cordifolia
(Country Mallow)
Solanum surattense
(Vakudu)
Tephrosia purpurea
(Wild indigo)
Vitex negundo
(Five-leaved Chaste Tree)
Zornia gibbosa
(Hunam)
MEDICNAL pLANTS

79. 82IBiodiversity Field Guide I2016
Invasive Alien plants
Invasive alien species are species whose introduction and/or spread outside their natural past or
present distribution threaten the biological diversity of the resident area. The common
characteristics are rapid reproduction and growth, high dispersal ability, adaptation to new
conditions, and ability to survive on diverse food sources and in varied environmental conditions.
The negative impacts of these organisms are tremendous. They out-competes the native organisms
by ferociously competing for resources, and often lead to the reduction in population or extinction
of the native plants from the area.
S.NoFamily Scientific Name Common Name Telugu/Hindi Name Type
1 AmaranthaceaeAlternanthera Alligator Weed ponnagantikura Herb
philoxeroides
2“ Alternanthera pungensKhaki Weed - Herb
3“ Celosia argentea plumed Cockscomb Gunugu, Lalmurga (Hindi)Herb
4 Apocynaceae Calotropis gigantea Milkweed (Swallow-Jilledu, Swetharka Shrub
wort)/ Crown Flower
5“ Calotropis procera Giant Milkweed Jilledu, Arka Shrub
6“ Cryptostegia grandiflorarubber Vine Ganta paala, rabbarutheegaClimber
7 Asteraceae Ageratum conyzoides Goatweed Gabbaku, Jangli pudina Herb
8“ Blainvillea acmella para Cress Flower Kanghi (Hindi) Herb
9“ Blumea lacera Kakronda Advimulangi, KarupogakuHerb
10“ Chromolaena odorata Siam Weed Tivra Gandha, Herb
Bagh Dhoka (Hindi)
11“ Echinops echinatus Indian Globe ThistleBrahmadandi Herb
12“ Lagascea mollis Silk Leaf - Herb
13“ Parthenium Carrot Weed Vayyari bhama, Herb
hysterophorus Congress weed
14“ Xanthium pungens Cocklebur Marulutige Herb
15Cleomaceae Cleome viscosa Asian Spiderflower Kukkavaminta Herb
16ConvolvulaceaeCuscuta reflexa Cuscuta Sitamma pogulu, Climber
Bangaru teegalu
17“ Ipomoea pes-tigridis Tiger Foot Chikunuvvu Climber
Morning Glory
18EuphorbiaceaeCroton bonplandianusCroton Vaana chettu Herb
19“ Euphorbia hirta Asthma Weed Nanabalu, reska Herb
(Chamaesyce hirta)
20Fabceae- Senna alata Candle Bush Seemaiagathi Shrub
Caesalpinioideae(Cassia alata).
21“ Senna uniflora one-leaf Senna - Herb
(Cassia uniflora)
22Fabaceae- Sesbania bispinosa prickly Sesban Dhaincha (Hindi) Shrub
Faboideae
23“ Stylosanthes fruticosa Shrubby pencil Saali Kampa Flower/ Herb
African Stylo
24“ Crotalaria ramosissima- Herb
INVASIVE ALIEN
pLANTS

80. Biodiversity Field Guide I2016 I 83
Ageratum conyzoides
(Goat weed)
Alternanthera philoxeroides
(Alligator Weed)
Alternanthera pungens
(Khaki Weed)
S.NoFamily Scientific Name Common Name Telugu/Hindi Name Type
25Fabaceae- Leucaena leucocephalaWild Tamarind Subabul Tree
Mimosoideae
26“ Mimosa pudica Touch-me-not Chui-mui (Hindi) Herb
27“ Prosopis juliflora Algaroba/Mesquite Sarkar Tumma, Junglee Shrub
Kikar, Vilayati Babul (Hindi)
28Lamiaceae Hyptis suaveolens American Mint Gabbu Tulasi Herb
29“ Leonotis nepetifolia Lion's Ear Hanumantabira, Herb
Mulagolimedi
30“ Ocimum americanum Hoary Basil/ Kukka Thulasi Herb
(O. canum) African Mint
31Malvaceae Malachra capitata Brazil Jute Van Bhindi (Hindi) Herb
32Martyniaceae Martynia annua Cat's Claw/Devil's ClawTelu kondi, Ulat-kanta (Hindi)Herb
33oxalidaceae Oxalis corniculata Creeping Wood Sorrelpulichintha Herb
34papaveraceae Argemone mexicana Mexican prickly poppyBalurakkasi Herb
35passifloraceaePassiflora foetida Stinking passionflowerTellajumiki Climber
36pedaliaceae Pedalium murex Large Caltrops Anugu palleru Herb
37polygonaceae Antigonon leptopus Mexican Creeper Teega Batani Climber
38rubiaceae Spermacoce hispida False Buttonweed Madana Herb
39Solanaceae Solanum americanum American NightshadeKamanchi Herb
40Tiliaceae Triumfetta rhomboideaBurr Bush/ Bankathuthara Herb
Chinese Burr
41Verbenaceae Lantana camara Lantana/Wild Sage pulikampa Shrub
42ZygophyllaceaeTribulus terrestris puncture Vine palleru Herb
INVASIVE ALIEN
pLANTS

81. 84IBiodiversity Field Guide I2016
Antigonon leptopus
(Mexican Creeper)
Blumea lacera
(Kakronda)
Calotropis gigantea
(Milk weed)
Calotropis procera
(Giant Milk weed)
Celosia argentea
(plumed Cockscomb)
Cleome viscosa
(Asian Spider flower)
Crotalaria ramosissima Croton bonplandianus
(Croton)
Cryptostegia grandiflora
(rubber Vine)
INVASIVE ALIEN
pLANTS

82. Biodiversity Field Guide I2016 I 85
Cuscuta reflexa
(Cuscuta)
Echinops echinatus
(Indian Globe Thistle)
Euphorbia hirta
(Chamaesyce hirta)
(Asthma Weed)
Hyptis suaveolens
(American Mint)
Ipomoea pes-tigridis
(Tiger Foot Morning Glory)
Lantana camara
(Lantana/ Wild Sage)
Leonotis nepetifolia
(Lion's Ear)
Leucaena leucocephala
(Wild Tamarind)
Malachra capitata
(Brazil Jute)
INVASIVE ALIEN
pLANTS

83. 86IBiodiversity Field Guide I2016
Martynia annua
(Cat's Claw/ Devil's Claw)
Mimosa pudica
(Touch-me-not)
Oxalis corniculata
(Creeping Wood Sorrel)
Passiflora foetida
(Stinking passionflower)
Prosopis juliflora
(Algaroba/Mesquite)
Senna alata
(Cassia alata)
(Candle Bush)
Senna uniflora
(Cassia uniflora)
Sesbania bispinosa
(prickly Sesban)
Solanum americanum
(American Nightshade)
INVASIVE ALIEN
pLANTS

84. Biodiversity Field Guide I2016 I 87
Stylosanthes fruticosa
(Shrubby pencil Flower/
African Stylo)
Tribulus terrestris
(puncture Vine)
Triumfetta rhomboidea
(Burr Bush/ Chinese Burr)
INVASIVE ALIEN
pLANTS
Parthenium hysterophorus

85. 88IBiodiversity Field Guide I2016
AGrICULTUrAL
CropS
Agro-biodiversity of Andhra pradesh
Andhra pradesh is rich in agricultural biodiversity - it is home to several varieties of crop
plants and livestock.
Crop varieties:The areas considered as agro-biodiversity hotspots in our Andhra pradesh
are the High Altitude Tribal Areas of North Coastal Andhra pradesh and Southern Eastern
Ghats in rayalaseema.
Table: Crop varieties in Andhra pradesh
Crops Varieties
rice (Vadlu) 114
Jowar (Jonnalu) 75
Bornyard millets (odalu) 5
Italian millets (Korralu) 10
Little millets (Samalu) 7
Kodo millets (Arikelu) 10
pearl millets (Sajjalu) 10
proso millets (Varigelu) 2
Finger millets (ragulu) 7
Gingelly (Nuvvulu) 15
Chickpea (Sanagalu) 8
Green Gram (pesalu) 8
Black Gram (Minumulu) 10
Cowpea (Alasandalu) 10
pigeon pea (Kandulu) 15
Horse Gram (Ulavalu) 6
Livestock breeds:Some of our native cattle breeds are ongole cattle (prakasam, Guntur,
SpSr Nellore and Kurnool), Halikar cattle (Chittoor and Anantapur), punganur cattle
(Chittoor). The native breeds of sheep include Nellore sheep (SpSr Nellore, YSr Kadapa,
prakasam, Anantapur), Jodupi sheep (YSr Kadapa) and palla sheep (SpSr Nellore). The
native breeds of goat include Bellari goat (Kurnool and YSr Kadapa).

86. Agricultural Crops
S.No.Category Family Scientific Common Telugu
Name Name Name
1 Food Crops:poaceae Echinochloa
Cereals colona Barnyard Milletoodalu
2 Eleusine
" coracana Finger Millet ragi
3" Oryza
sativa rice/paddy Vari
4" Panicum
miliaceum proso Millet Varigalu
5" Panicum miliare Little Millet Saamalu
6" Paspalum Kodo Millet Aarikalu
scrobiculatum
7" Pennisetum pearl Millet Sajja
americanum
8 Setaria italica Foxtail Millet Korra
9" Sorghum bicolor Great Millet Jonna
10 " Zea mays Maize Mokka Jonna
11Food Crops:Fabaceae- Cajanus cajan pigeon pea/ Kandulu
pulses Faboideae red Gram
12 Cicer arietinum Chickpea/ Sanagalu
" Bengal Gram
13 " Glycine max Soyabean Soya Chikkudu
14 " Macrotyloma Horse Gram Ulavalu
uniflorum
15 " Vigna mungo Urad/ Minumulu /
" Black Gram Uddulu
16 " Vigna radiata Moong / pesalu
var.sublobata Green Gram
17Food Crops:Asteraceae Carthamus Saff flower Kusumalu
oil Seeds tinctorus
18 Guizotia Niger Verri nuvulu,
" abyssinica Valiselu
19 " Helianthus Sunflower proddu
annuus tirugudu
20 EuphorbiaceaeRicinus communis Castor Amudamu
21 Fabaceae Arachis hypogaea Ground nut Veerusanaga
/ pea nut
22 pedaliaceaeSesamum indicum Gingelly/ SesameNuvulu
23Commercial Malvaceae Gossypium hirsutumCotton patti
Crops
24 " Hibiscus cannabinusKenaf Gogu
25 " Hibiscus Horse Gram Gogu
sabdariffa
26 poaceae Sacharum Sugarcane Cheraku
officinarum
27 Solanaceae Nicotiana tabacumTobacoo pogaku
Biodiversity Field Guide I2016 I 89
AGrICULTUrAL
CropS

87. 90IBiodiversity Field Guide I2016
AGrICULTUrAL
CropS
Arachis hypogaea
(Groundnut/ peanut)
Cajanus cajan
(pigeon pea/ red Gram)
Cicer arietinum
(Chickpea/Bengal Gram)
Glycine max
(Soyabean)
Gossypium arboreum Gossypium herbaceum
(old World/ Indian Cotton)
Hibiscus cannabinus
(Gongura)
Ricinus communis
(Castor)
Saccharum officinarum
(Sugarcane)

88. Biodiversity Field Guide I2016 I 91
AGrICULTUrAL
CropS
Sorghum bicolor
(Jowar)
Vigna radiata var. sublobata
(Moong /Green Gram)
Zea mays
(Maize)

89. 92IBiodiversity Field Guide I2016
HorTICULTUrAL
CropS
S.NoCategory Family Scientific Common Telugu/Hindi
Name Name Name
1 Fruits Anacardiaceae Mangifera indica Mango Amramu, Mamidi,
Mamidipandu,
Mangayi
2 Annonaceae Annona squamosa Custard Apple Sitaphalam
3 Apocynaceae Carissa carandas Karonda Kalikkaya
4 Caricaceae Carica papaya papaya Boppayi
5 Cucurbitaceae Citrulus lanatus Watermelon Eti puchha
6 Euphorbiaceae Phyllanthus emblicaGooseberry Amla
(Emblica officinalis)
7 Moraceae Artocarpus Jackfruit panasa
heterophyllus
8
“ Ficus carica Fig Anjura
9 Musacae Musa paradisiaca Banana/ Arati
French plantain
10 Myrtaceae Psidium guajava Guava Jama pandu
11 passifloraceae Passiflora edulis passion Fruit -
12 punicaceae Punica granatum pomogranate Dhanima pandu,
Dhanimma
13 rhamnaceae Ziziphus jujuba Ber regu
14 rosaceae Pyrus communis pear Berikaya, Beripandu
15 rutaceae Citrus sinensis Sweet orange Kicchilipandu
16 “ Citrus aurantifolia Acid Lime Nimmakaya
17 Sapotaceae Manilkara zapota Sapodilla Sapota
(Achras zapota)
18 Vitaceae Vitis vinifera Grapes Draaksha
19Flowers and Acanthaceae Crossandra Firecracker FlowerKanakaambaram
Aromatics infundibuliformis
20 Agavaceae Polianthes tuberosaTuberose Lilly Lilly
21 Asteraceae Callistephus chinensisChina Aster China Aster
23 Asteraceae Chrysanthemum Chrysanthemum Chamanthi
morifolium
22 CaryophyllaceaeDianthus caryophyllusCarnation Carnation
24 Asteraceae Gerbera jamesoniiGerbera Daisy Jerbaraa
25 Asteraceae Tagetes erecta Marigold Bantipoolu
26 Heliconiaceae Heliconia caribaea Heliconia Chilaka pushpaalu
27 Iridaceae GladiolusSp. Gladiolus -
28 oleaceae Jasminum sambac Jasmine Mallika
29 rosaceae Rosa indica rose Gulabi
30Garden CropsAnacardiaceae Anacardium Cashew Jeedi
occidentale
Horticultural Crops

90. Biodiversity Field Guide I2016 I 93
HorTICULTUrAL
CropS
S.NoCategory Family Scientific Common Telugu/Hindi
Name Name Name
31 Araceae Borassus flabelliferpalmyra Karatalamu, Tatichettu,
Aasiya tati
32
“ Cocos nucifera Coconut Kobbarikaya,
Narikelamu
33
“ Elaeis guinensis oil palm -
34 Euphorbiaceae Hevea brasiliensis rubber rabbaru Chettu
35 Fabaceae- Tamarindus indica Tamarind Amlika, Chinta Chettu,
Caesalpinioideae Chinta pandu
37 Malvaceae Theobroma cacao Cacao (Cocoa) Kako Chettu
38 piperacae Piper betle Betel pepper Vakka
39 rubiaceae Coffea arabica Coffee Coffee
40Spices and Apiaceae Coriandrum sativumCoriander Dhaniyalu, Kothmeru
Condiments
41
“ Cuminum cyminum Cumin Vaamu
42 Fabaceae- Trigonella foenum-Fenugreek Menthi, Methi (Hindi),
Faboideae graecum Menthikura
43 piperaceae Piper nigrum pepper Miriyalu
44 Zingiberaceae Curcuma longa Turmeric pasapu
45
“ Elettaria Cardamom Elakulu, Elakaya
cardamomum
46
“ Zingiber officinale Ginger Allam
47Vegetable AmaranthaceaeBeta vulgaris Beetroot Beetrootu
Crops
48 AmaranthaceaeSpinacia oleracea Spinach paalakoora
49 Amaryllidaceae Allium cepa onion Ullipaya
50 “ Allium sativum Garlic Yeluli
51 AmaranthaceaeAmaranthusSp. Amaranth Thota koora
52 Apiaceae Daucus carota Carrot Kyaret
53 Araceae Amorphophallus Elephant Foot YamKanda
paeoniifolius
54 “ Colocasia esculentaTaro Chamagadda
55 Brassicaceae Brassica cretica Cauliflower Cauliflower
(Brassica olerasia
var. botrytis)
56
“ Brassica oleracea Cabbage Kosu
(Brassica olerasia
var. capitata)
57 ConvolvulaceaeIpomoea batatas Sweet potato Chilagada Dumpa /
Genusu Gadda
58 Cucurbitaceae Benincasa hispida Winter Melon/ Boodida Gummadi
White Gourd
59
“ Cucumis melo Muskmelon Karbujapandu
60
“ Cucumis sativus Cucumber Dosa kaya
61
“ Cucurbita moschataButternut pumpkinGummadi

91. 94IBiodiversity Field Guide I2016
HorTICULTUrAL
CropS
S.NoCategory Family Scientific Common Telugu/Hindi
Name Name Name
62 Cucurbitaceae Luffa acutangula ridge Gourd Beera kaya
63
“ Momordica charantiaBitter Gourd Kaakara kaya
64
“ Trichosanthes Snake Gourd potla kaya
cucumerina
65 Dioscoraceae Dioscorea esculentaLesser Yam Karra pendalam
66 Euphorbiaceae Manihot esculenta Cassava/Yucca pendalum
67 Fabaceae- Cyamopsis Cluster Bean Goru cikkudu kaya
Faboideae tetragonoloba
68
“ Lablab purpureus Beans Chikkudu kaya
69
“ Phaseolus vulgaris French Beans French chikkudu
70
“ Pisum sativum Garden pea Bhataani
(P. sativum ssp.
hortense)
71
“ Vigna unguiculata Cowpea Alasandha
72 Malvaceae Abelmoschus Lady's Finger/okraBhendi
esculentus
73 Moringaceae Moringa oleifera Drumstick Munaga
74 rutaceae Murraya koenigii Curry Leaves Karivepaku
75 Solanaceae Capsicum annuum Chilli pachi mirapakayalu
76
“ Capsicum frutescensCapsicum Simla mirci
77
“ Solanum lycopersicumTomato Tamata
78
“ Solanum melongenaAubergine/BrinjalVankaya
79
“ Solanum tuberosumpotato Urla Gadda/
Bangala dumpa
Mangifera indica

92. Biodiversity Field Guide I2016 I 95
HorTICULTUrAL
CropS
Abelmoschus esculentus
(Lady's Finger/okra)
Allium cepa
(onion)
Amaranthus caudatus
(Thota koora)
Anacardium occidentalis
(Cashew)
Annona squamosa
(Custard Apple)
Artocarpus heterophyllus
(Jackfruit)
Benincasa hispida
(Winter Melon/ White
Gourd)
Borassus flabellifer
(palmyra)
Capsicum annuum
(Chilli)

93. 96IBiodiversity Field Guide I2016
HorTICULTUrAL
CropS
Carica papaya
(papaya)
Carissa carandas
(Kalimikaya)
Citrus sinensis
(Sweet orange)
Citrullus lanatus
(Watermelon)
Coffea arabica
(Coffee)
Coriandrum sativum
(Coriander)
Crossandra
infundibuliformis
(Firecracker Flower)
Curcuma longa
(Turmeric)
Cyamopsis tetragonoloba
(Cluster Bean)

94. Biodiversity Field Guide I2016 I 97
HorTICULTUrAL
CropS
Daucus carota
(Carrot)
Elettaria cardamomum
(Cardamom)
Ficus carica
(Fig)
Gerbera jamesonii
(Gerbera Daisy)
Jasminum sambac
(Jasmine)
Lablab purpureus
(Beans)
Luffa acutangula
(ridge Gourd)
Mangifera indica
(Mango)
Manihot esculenta
(Cassava/ Yucca)

95. 98IBiodiversity Field Guide I2016
HorTICULTUrAL
CropS
Momordica charantia
(Bitter Gourd)
Moringa oleifera
(Drumstick)
Murraya koenigii
(Curry Leaves)
Passiflora edulis
(passion flower)
Phyllanthus emblica
(Emblica officinalis)
(Amla)
Piper nigrum
(pepper)
Psidium guajava
(Guava)
Punica granatum
(pomegranate)
Solanum lycopersicum
(Tomato)

96. Biodiversity Field Guide I2016 I 99
HorTICULTUrAL
CropS
Solanum melongena
(Aubergine/Brinjal)
Tamarindus indica
(Tamarind)
Trichosanthes cucumerina
(Trichosanthes anguina)
(Snake Gourd)
Trigonella foenum-
graecum
(Fenugreek)
Vigna aconitifolia
(Mat bean)
Musa paradisiaca

97. 100IBiodiversity Field Guide I2016
ALGAE
Algae
Algae are simple plants that can range from the microscopic (microalgae), to large seaweeds
(macroalgae), such as giant kelp more than one hundred feet in length. Microalgae include
both cyanobacteria, (similar to bacteria, and formerly called “blue-green algae”) as well as
green, brown and red algae. Most microalgae grow through photosynthesis – by converting
sunlight, Co
2and a few nutrients, including nitrogen and phosphorous, into material known
as biomass This is called “autotrophic” growth. other algae can grow in the dark using sugar
or starch (called “heterotrophic” growth), or even combine both growth modes (called
“mixotrophic” growth).
Algae are very diverse and found almost everywhere on the planet. They play an
important role in many ecosystems, including providing the foundation for the aquatic food
chains supporting all fisheries in the oceans and inland, as well as producing about 70
percent of all the air we breathe. In Andhra pradesh, we have about 50 species of
macrophytic algae representing chlorophyta, rodophyta and phaeophyta.
Good number of micro algae are recorded from fresh and marine waters of the state. For
example about 120 species of diatoms are found in Andhra pradesh. Some of the algae found
in Andhra pradesh are as follows:
S.No Scientific Name
1 Amphiroa fragilissima
2 Bangiopsis subsimplex
3 Boodlea struveoides
4 Bryopsis pennata
5 Caulerpa fastigata
6 Caulerpa racemosa
7 Caulerpa sertularioides
8 Caulerpa taxifolia
9 Chaetomorpha antennina
10 Chlamydomonas sp.
11 Chlorella pyrenoidosa
12 Chnoospora minima
13 Cladophora socialis
14 Dictyota dichotoma
15 Ectocarpus mitchellae
S.No Scientific Name
16 Enteromorpha compressa
17 Gelidiopsis variabilis
18 Gelidium pusillum
19 Gracilaria corticata
20 Padina tetrastromatica
21 Porphyra vietnamensis
22 Pterocladia heteroplatos
23 Sargassum Ilicifolium
24 Sargassum polycestum
25 Sargassum tenerrimum
26 Sargassum vulgare
27 Spirulina maxima
28 Spirulina platensis
29 Spongomorpha indica
30 Ulva fasciata
Amphiroa fragilissima Bryopsis pennata Caulerpa sertularioides

98. Biodiversity Field guide I2016 I 103
BRyoPhyTeS
Bryophytes
S.No.Family Scientific Name
1 Anthocerotaceae Anthoceros crispulus
2“ Phaeoceros laevis
3 Aytoniaceae Asterella wallichiana
4“ Asterella angusta
5“ Plagiochasma appendiculatum
6“ Plagiochasma pterospermum
7 Jungermanniaceae Jungermannia truncata
8 Jubulaceae Frullania calcarata
9“ Frullania udarii
10 lejeuneaceae Archilejeunea minutilobula
11 “ Lejeunea cavifolia
12 lepidoziaceae Bazzania tridens
13 Marchantiaceae Marchantia linearis
14 Metzgeriaceae Metzgeria pandei
15 Notothyladaceae Notothylas levieri
16 Ricciaceae Riccia billardieri
17 “ Riccia discolor
Bryophyte is a traditional name used to refer to all embryophytes (land plants) that do not
have true vascular tissue and are therefore called "non-vascular plants". Some bryophytes do
have specialized tissues for the transport of water; however, since these do not contain lignin,
they are not considered to be true vascular tissue. Bryophytes produce enclosed reproductive
structures (gametangia and sporangia), but they produce neither flowers nor seeds,
reproducing via spores.
Bryophytes are classified into liver worts (hepaticopsida), horn worts (Anthoceratopsida)
and mosses (Bryopsida). In Andhra Pradesh, about 90 species. Some of the species are listed
below:
hornworts liverworts Mosses

99. 102IBiodiversity Field guide I2016
lICheNS
lichen represents a symbiotic association between photosynthetic blue-green algae and
heterotrophic fungus. lichen is thallose structure and do not have any distinct roots, stems
and leaves. There are three types of lichens based on habit-cructose (thallus is firmly attached
to the substratum), foliose (thallus with leaf like lobes) and fruticose (thallus extends into
pendant branches), squamulose (thallus with small massed, often overlapped scales) or
leprose (thallus composed of granules containing algal cells and fungal hyphae). They are
cosmopolitan in distribution and have the ability to grow on rocks, soil, dead wood and on
other plant and few animal species. lichens can withstand freezing and as well high radiation
but many are sensitive to pollution. In Andhra Pradesh we have about 100 species. Some of
the lichens found in the state are listed below.
S.No.Family Scientific Name lichen type
1 Chrysotrichaceae Chrysothrix chlorina Crustose-leprose
2 lecanoraceae Lecanora achora Crustose
3 Parmeliaceae Parmelia sulcata Foliose
4 Parmeliaceae Parmotrema cristiferum Foliose
5 Physciaceae Hafellia curatellae Crustose lichen
6 Ramalinaceae Ramalina conduplicans Fruticose
lichens
Crustose Foliose Fruticose

100. Biodiversity Field guide I2016 I 101
AlgAe
Caulerpa taxifolia Caulerpa racemosa Chaetomorpha antennina
Dictyota dichotoma Gelidiopsis variabilis Grateloupia lithophila
Jania rubens Sargassum polycystum Ulva lactuca

101. 104iBiodiversity Field Guide i2016
PTEridOPHyTES
Pteridophytes (Ferns and fern allies)
Pteridophytes are vascular plants and have leaves (known as fronds), roots and sometimes true
stems, and tree ferns have full trunks. Examples include ferns, horsetails and club-mosses.
Fronds in the largest species of ferns can reach some six metres in length. Many ferns from
tropical rain forests are epiphytes, which means they only grow on other plant species; they
absorb moisture from the damp air or from rain water running down branches and tree trunks.
There are also some exclusive aquatic ferns such as water fern or water velvet (Salvinia
molesta)and mosquito ferns (Azollaspecies). Pteridophytes do not have seeds or flowers,
instead they reproduce via spores. There are about 72 species of Pteridophytes in Andhra
Pradesh.
S.NoFamily Scientific Name Common Name
1 Actiniopteridaceae Actiniopteris radiata Mayura Sikha
2 Adiantaceae Adiantum capillus-veneris Southern maiden hair fern
3“ Adiantum caudatum -
4“ Adiantum incisum -
5“ Adiantum iunulatum -
6 Aspleniaceae Asplenium formosum -
7“ Asplenium nidus Birds nest fern
8 Blechenaceae Blechnum orientate -
9 Blechnaceae Pteris biaurita -
10“ Stenochlaena palustris -
11Cheilanthaceae Cheilanthes tenuifolia -
12Cyatheaceae Cyathea gigantea -
13Equisetaceae Equisetum diffusum -
14Hemionitidaceae Hemionitis arifolia Heart fern
15Maratiaceae Angiopteris evecta -
16Ophioglassaceae Ophioglossum pendulum -
17Parkeriaceae Ceratopteris thalictroides -
18Polypodiaceae Nephrolepis biserrata -
19“ Nephrolepis cordifolia Fish bone fern
20“ Nephrolepis exaltata Sword fern
21“ Dryopteris cochleata -
22Plypodiaceae Platycerium bifurcatum Staghorn fern
23Selaginellaceae Selaginella imbricata -
24Schizaeaceae Lygodium flexuosum -
25“ Lygodium scandens -
26Thclypteridaceac Cyclosorus crinipes -
27Thelypteridaceae Psilotum nudam -

102. Biodiversity Field Guide i2016 i 105
PTEridOPHyTES
Hemionitis arifolia
Actiniopteris radiata
(Mayuri Shikha)
Azolla pinnata Calamaria coromandelina
(Isoetes coromandeliana)
Lycopodium bryopteris Marsilea minuta Ophioglossum nudicaule

103. 106iBiodiversity Field Guide i2016
GyMNOSPErMS
S. NoFamily Scientific Common Telugu/ Type
Name Name Hindi Name
1 Cycadaceae Cycas beddomei Madras Cycas Peritha Tree
2 Cycas circinalis Queen Madana Tree
" (Cultivated) Sago Palm Kaamakshi
3 Cycas revoluta Sago Palm Madana Kameswari Tree
" (Cultivated)
4 Cycas rumphii Malayan - Tree
" (Cultivated) fern Palm
5" Cycas sphaerica -- Tree
6 CupressaceaeJuniperus Sp. Common Juniper- Tree
(Cultivated)
7" Thuja orientalis. Morpankhi - Tree
(Cultivated)
8 Gnetaceae Gnetum ula Joint Fir - Climber
9 Pinaceae Pinus caribaea Chir Pine Sarala devadaaru Tree
(Cultivated)
10Zamiaceae Zamia furfuracia Cardboard Palm - Tree
(Cultivated)
11AraucariaceaeAraucaria Christmas Tree - Tree
columnaris
(Cultivated)
Cycas beddomei
Gymnosperms
Gymnosperms are seed-bearing vascular plants, such as cycads, ginkgo, yews and conifers, in which the
ovules or seeds are not enclosed in an ovary. The word "gymnosperm" comes from the Greek word
gymnospermos, meaning "naked seeds". Gymnosperm seeds develop either on the surface of scale or leaf-
like appendages of cones, or at the end of short stalks.
The largest group of living gymnosperms are the conifers (pines, cypresses and relatives) followed by cycads,
gnetophytes (Gnetum, Ephedra and Welwitschia), and the smallest is ginkgo, a single living plant species
found in China.

104. Biodiversity Field Guide i2016 i 107
GyMNOSPErMS
Cycas sphaerica

105. 108iBiodiversity Field Guide i2016
FUNGi
F
ungi are unique organisms, they are neither
plants nor animals. However, they lack the
chlorophyll pigment and hance are
heterotrophic. They feed on dead and decaying
substances such as dead wood, dry straw,
rotting food, etc. Fungi thus play an important
role in nature by decomposing organic matter.
The most commonly known groups of fungi are
yeasts, moulds, and mushrooms. While some
fungi such as yeast and edible mushrooms are
useful to humans, some others are harmful to
both humans and crop plants.
33% of fungi species of the world are found
in india. There are 5 major groups of fungi:
Slime molds (Myxomycotina), Ascomycotina,
Zygomycotina, Basidiomycotina (includes
mushrooms) and deuteromycotina. The
maximum diversity of fungi is found in the
Western Ghats, Eastern Himalayas and the
Western Himalayas. in Andhra Pradesh about
300 species of different classes of fungi are
recorded in different studies.
Phallus multicolor
FUNGi

106. Biodiversity Field Guide i2016 i 109
FUNGi
Mushrooms
S.noScientific Name Common Name Edibility
1 Agaricus Sp. Field mushroom Edible
2 Ganoderma Sp. Artist's fungus inedible
3 Lactarius Sp. Milk pap Edible
4 Lycoperdon perlatum Puff ball Mostly edible
5 Macrolepiota rhacodesShaggy parasol Edible
6 Pallus Sp. Stink horn Edible in egg stage
7 SparassisSp. Cauliflower fungusEdible when creamy white in
colour; indigestible if yellow
Agaricus Sp.
Field Mushroom
Lactarius Sp.
Milk Pap
Lycoperdon perlatum
Puff ball
Macrolepiota rhacodes
Shaggy Parasol
Pallus Sp.
(Stink-horn)
SparassisSp.
Cauliflower Fungus

107. ANiMAlS
110iBiodiversity Field Guide i2016
ANiMAlS
The animal wealth of Andhra Pradesh is rich and varied. The species that have
been documented in the state are listed in the following table.
Class Species
Molluscs 480
Annelids 163
Arthropods 1337
Marine & Estuarine fish 600
Class Species
Freshwater fish 180
Amphibians 23
reptiles 103
Birds 486
Mammals 108
Animal species in Andhra Pradesh
Axis axis

108. MOllUSCS
MOllUSCS
The molluscs compose the large phylum of invertebrate animals known as the Mollusca.
Molluscs are the largest marine phylum, comprising about 23% of all the named marine
organisms. Numerous molluscs also live in freshwater and terrestrial habitats. They are highly
diverse, not just in size and in anatomical structure, but also in behaviour and in habitat.
This group of animals includes snails, slugs, oysters, barnacles, squids, cuttlefish and octopi.
They are small animals that lack a backbone. There are 66,535 identified species of molluscs in
the world, of which 5072 (7.62%) are found in india .
The molluscs are further divided into:
a) Gastropods:including snails and slugs
b) Bivalves:including clams, oysters, mussels, and barnacles
c) Cephalopods:including squids, cuttlefish and octopi
Molluscs have many economic uses - some are used as food, some oysters are useful for the
production of pearls, as a source of calcium, etc.
As molluscs are sensitive to environmental conditions, they are also used as bio-indicators to
monitor the health of freshwater and marine environments.
Biodiversity Field Guide i2016 i
111

109. 112iBiodiversity Field Guide i2016
Freshwater Molluscs
S.NoFamily Scientific Name Common Name Telugu/
Hindi Name
1 Ampullariidae Pila virens Apple Snail Natta
2 Bullinidae Indoplanorbis exustus Freshwater Snail Natta
3 Corbiculidae Corbicula striatella --
4 lymnaeidae Lymnaea Freshwater Snail -
(Pseudosuccinea)
acuminate
5 Lymnaea Freshwater Snail -
" (Pseudosuccinea)
luteola
6 Lymnaea Freshwater Snail -
(Pseudosuccinea)
" ovalir
7 Melanatrinae Brotia costula --
8 Thiaridae Melanoides tuberculata red-rimmed Melania-
9" Tarebia granifera Quilted Melania -
10" Tarebia lineata --
11Unionidae Lamellidens consobrinusFreshwater Mussel -
12" Lamellidens corrianus Freshwater Mussel -
13" Parreysia corrugata Freshwater Mussel -
14" Parreysia cylindrica Freshwater Mussel -
15" Scabies crispata Freshwater Mussel -
16Viviparidae Bellamya bengalensis Freshwater Snail -
17" Bellamya dissimilis --
18" Mekongia crassa --
MOllUSCS

110. Biodiversity Field Guide i2016 i 113
Saltwater / Coastal Molluscs
S.NoFamily Scientific Name Common Name Telugu Name
1 Arcidae Anadara granosa Blood Clam Buditha Gulla
2" Anadara rhombea Ark Clam Karentu Kaya
3" Scapharca inequivalvis inequivalve Akre Asamana Buditha
4 BabyloniidaeBabylonia spirata Spiral Babylon Machala Gulla
5 Bursidae Bufonaria perelegans Near-elegant Frog Shell Bodupula Gulla
6" Bursa rana Common Frog Snail Mandukapu Gulla
7 Cassidae Volegalea cochilidum Common Pacific Vase ShellShankapu Gulla
8 Conidae Conus betulinus Beach Cone Pamban Valaya Shanku
9" Conus figulinus Fig Cone -
10" Conus textile Textile Cone Vasthrapu Shanku
11donacidae Donax cuneatus Cuneate Wedge Shell -
12" Donax scortum --
13Ficidae Ficus gracilis Common Fig Shell Chevi Gulla
14HaminoeidaeAtys nucum White Nut Sheath Bubble-
15Harpidae Harpa davidis Madras Harp Sarpa
16Muricidae Cymia lacera Keeled rock Shell -
17" Murex trapa rare Spined Murex Mullu Gulla
18" Rapana rapiformis Turnip-Shaped rapa Enuguchevi Gulla
19Mytilidae Perna viridis Asian Green Mussel Aala Gulla
20Nassariidae Bullia vittata ribbon Bullia -
21" Nassarius dorsatus Channeled Nassa -
22" Nassarius stolatus Nassa Mud Snail Kakamukhi
23Naticidae Natica lineata lined Moon Chandamama
Chaarala Gulla
24" Natica tigrina Tiger Moon Shell Puli Chaarala
Nattha
25 Natica vitellus red-banded Moon SnailChandamama
" Gulla
26" Polinices didyma Bladder Moon Snail -
27Olividae Oliva oliva Common Olive Olive Gulla
28" Oliva vidua Black Olive -
29Ostreidae Crassostrea madrasensisindian Edible Oyster dhara Gulla
30Pectinidae Amusium pleuronectesSun & Moon Scallop -
31Pinnidae Atrina serrata Saw-toothed Pen Shell -
32Placunidae Placuna placenta Window Pane Oyster Thaalapu Gulla
33PotamididaeCerithidea cingulata Girdled Horn Shell Chitti Gulla
34" Telescopium telescopiumTelescope Snail Bongaram
35Solenidae Solen kempi Gould's razor Shell -
MOllUSCUS

111. MOllUSCS
114iBiodiversity Field Guide i2016
S.NoFamily Scientific Name Common Name Telugu Name
36Tellinidae Tellina lineata rose Petal Tellin -
37Tonnidae Tonna dolium Spotted Cask Seesa Gulla
38Trochidae Umbonium vestiarium Button Top Shell Nathudu Gulla
39Turbinidae Astralium semicostatumStar Snail -
40Turridae Lophiotoma indica indian Turrid Podugu Shankam
41Turritellidae Turritella acutangula Turret Shell -
42" Turritella duplicata duplicate Turret lighthouse Gulla
43Veneridae Dosinia brevilinata disk Shell -
44" Marcia opima Fertile Venus -
45" Meretrix casta Common Backwater ClamChivari Gulla
46" Meretrix meretrix Asiatic Hard Clam Bendha Gulla
47" Paphia malabarica Malabar Venus Clam -
48" Paphia textile Textile Venus Clam Nethavastrapu
Gulla
49Volemidae Hemifusus pugilinus Common Whelk Boramu Shanku
50XenophoridaeStellaria solaris Sun Carrier Shell -

112. MOllUSCS
Biodiversity Field Guide i2016 i 115
Amusium pleuronectes
(Sun & Moon Scallop)
Anadara granosa
(Blood Clam)
Anadara rhombea
(Ark Clam)
Astralium semicostatum
(Star Snail)
Atrina serrata
(Saw-toothed Pen Shell)
Atys nucum
(White Nut Sheath Bubble)
Bellamya bengalensis
(Freshwater Snail)
Bufonaria perelegans
(Near-elegant Frog Shell)
Bursa rana
(Common Frog Snail)

113. 116iBiodiversity Field Guide i2016
Bullia vittata
(ribbon Bullia)
Cerithidea cingulata
(Girdled Horn Shell)
Conus betulinus
(Beach Cone Pamban)
Conus figulinus
(Fig Cone)
Conus textile
(Textile Cone)
Crassostrea madrasensis
(indian Edible Oyster)
Cymia lacera
(Keeled rock Shell)
Donax cuneatus
(Cuneate Wedge Shell)
Donax scortum
MOllUSCS

114. Biodiversity Field Guide i2016 i 117
Dosinia brevilinata
(disk Shell)
Ficus gracilis
(Common Fig Shell)
Harpa davidis
(Madras Harp)
Hemifusus cochlidum
(Common Pacific Vase
Shell)
Hemifusus pugilinus
(Common Whelk)
Lophiotoma indica
(indian Turrid)
Marica opima
(Fertile Venus)
Meretrix casta
(Common Backwater
Clam)
Meretrix meretrix
(Asiatic Hard Clam)
MOllUSCS

115. 118iBiodiversity Field Guide i2016
Murex trapa
(rare Spined Murex))
Nassarius dorsatus
(Channeled Nassa)
Nassarius stolatus
(Nassa Mud Snail)
Natica lineata
(lined Moon)
Natica tigrina
(Tiger Moon Shell)
Natica vitellus
(red-banded Moon Snail)
Oliva vidua
(Black Olive)
Oliva oliva
(Common Olive)
Paphia malabarica
(Malabar Venus Clam)
MOllUSCS

116. Biodiversity Field Guide i2016 i 119
Paphia textile
(Textile Venus Clam)
Perna viridis
(Asian Green Mussel)
Placuna placenta
(Window Pane Oyster)
Polinices didyma
(Bladder Moon Snail)
Rapana rapiformis
(Turnip-shaped rapa
Scapharca inequivalvis
(inequivalve Akre)
Solen kempi
(Gould's razor Shell)
Stellaria solaris
(Sun Carrier Shell)
Telescopium telescopium
(Telescope Snail)
MOllUSCS

117. 120iBiodiversity Field Guide i2016
Tellina lineata
(rose Petal Tellin)
Tonna dolium
(Spotted Cask)
Turriella acutangula
(Turret shell)
Turritella duplicata
(duplicate Turret)
Umbonium vestiarium
(Button Top Shell)
MOllUSCS
Bellamya bengalensis
(Freshwater Snail)

118. Biodiversity Field Guide i2016 i 121
iNSECTS
iNSECTS
Common Crow

119. 122iBiodiversity Field Guide i2016
insects are a class of invertebrates within the arthropod phylum that have a chitinous
exoskeleton, a three-part body (head, thorax and abdomen), three pairs of jointed legs,
compound eyes and one pair of antennae. They are among the most diverse groups of animals
on the planet and representing more than half of all known living organisms. There are 8,67,391
identified species of insects in the world, of which 61,151 (6.9%) are found in india. insects have
a three part body (having a head, thorax and abdomen), three pairs of jointed legs, compound
eyes and a pair of antennae.
There are several groups of insects. Some of
them are:
Odonata : dragonflies, damselflies
Orthoptera : Grasshoppers,
Crickets, locusts
Phasmida : leaf insects, Stick insects
dictyoptera: Cockroaches
isoptera : Termites
Anoplura : Human lice
Thysnoptera: Thrips
iNSECTS

120. Biodiversity Field Guide i2016 i 123
Hemiptera : Bed bugs
Homoptera :Cicadas
Neuroptera :Ant-lions
Coleoptera :Grain weevils, Cotton boll pest, Scarab beetle, ladybird beetles, Fireflies
lepidoptera:Butterflies, Moths
Hymenoptera:Wasps, Bees, Ants
diptera :Mosquitoes
Siphonaptera:Fleas
Several species of insects are of great value to humans. They function as pollinators, and, they
produce several valuable products such as honey, silk, dyes, etc. Several insect species are also
harmful to humans (causing diseases such as malaria, typhoid, etc.) and to crops (for example,
rice gundhi bug and leaf folder in paddy, pink bollworm and whitefly in cotton, etc.).
Signature Spider
iNSECTS

121. 124iBiodiversity Field Guide i2016
S.NoOrder Family Scientific Common Telugu
Name Name Name
1 ColeopteraCarabidae Anthia sexguttata Six-spotted Black Beetle Podu
cukonivaccina
2 dytiscidae Cybister tripunctatus Three-punctured diving -
Beetle
3“ Laccophilus griseus Common diving Beetle -
4 Scarabaeidae Oryctes nasicornis European rhinoceros -
Beetle
5“ Oryctes rhinoceros Asiatic rhinoceros Beetle -
6 dermapteraForficulidae Forficula auricularia Earwig -
7 diptera Asilidae Efferia pogonias robber Fly Eega
8 HemipteraBelostomatidae Lethocerus indicus Giant Water Bug -
9 Cercopoidea CosmoscartaSp. Froghopper/ Spittlebug -
10 Hydrometridae Anisops sardea Backswimmer -
11 Nepidae Laccotrephes maculatusWater Scorpion -
12 “ Ranatra elongata Needle Bug -
13 Notonectidae Notonecta glauca Common Backswimmer -
14HymenopteraApidae Apis cerana Asiatic Honey Bee Tenetiga
15 “ Apis dorsata Giant Honey Bee Tenetiga
16 Formicidae Camponotus Common Godzilla Ant Cheema
compreseus
17 “ Camponotus irritans Giant Honey Ant -
18 “ Crematogaster subnudaCommon Board Acrobat -
Ant
19 “ Diacamma ceylonenseGreater Striated Bispinous -
Ant
20 “ Leptogenys Procession Ant -
processionalis
21 “ Monomorium crinicepsSpineless Harvester Ant -
22 “ Monomorium pharaonisPharaoh Ant -
23 “ Oecophylla smaragdinaWeaver Ant -
24 “ Pachycondyla rare Sausage Huntress Ant-
tesseronoda
25 “ Tetraponera rufonigraArboreal Bicoloured Ant -
26isoptera Termitidae Odontotermes obesusTermite Chedalu
27MantodeaMantidae Mantis religiosa Praying Mantis Prardhistu
Gollabhama
28NeuropteraMyrmele ontidaeIndoclystus singularis Antlion
29Odonata Coenagrionidae Ceriagrion Coromandel Marsh dart Tuniga
coromandelianum
30 “ Ischnura aurora Gossamer damselfly Tuniga
31 “ Ischnura senegalensisSenegal Golden dartlet Tuniga
32 “ Pseudagrion Blue Grass dartlet Tuniga
microcephalum
33 Gomphidae Ictinogomphus rapax Common Clubtail Tuniga
34 Aeshnidae Anax guttatus Blue-tailed Green darter Tuniga
35 libellulidae Brachythemis ditch Jewel Tuniga
contaminata
iNSECTS

122. Biodiversity Field Guide i2016 i 125
S.NoOrder Family Scientific Common Telugu
Name Name Name
36 libellulidae Bradinopy gageminataGranite Ghost Tuniga
37 “ Crocothemis servilia Scarlet Skimmer/ Tuniga
Crimson darter/
ruddy Marsh Skimmer
38 “ Diplacodes trivialis Ground Skimmer -
39 “ Orthetrum luzonicum Tricoloured Marsh Hawk -
40 “ Orthetrum sabina Green Marsh Hawk -
41 “ Rhyothemis variegataCommon Picturewing -
42 “ Tholymis tillarga Coral-tailed Cloudwing -
43OrthopteraAcrididae Acrida exaltata Green Short¬horned Midata
Grasshopper
44 “ Gastrimargus africanusBrown Grasshopper Midata
45 “ Schistocerca gregaria desert locust -
46 Gryllidae Acheta domesticus House Cricket Midata
47 “ Nemobius sylvestris Wood Cricket Midata
48 Gryllotalpidae Gryllotalpa gryllotalpaMole Cricket
49 PyrgomorphidaePoekilocerus pictus Painted Grasshopper Midata
50 Tettigoniidae Tettigonia viridissima Great Green Bush-CricketMidata
51Phasma diapheromeridaeCarausius morosus Walking Stick -
todea
52ScolopendroScolopendridae Scolopendra morsitansred-headed Centipede Satapdulu
morpha
iNSECTS
Bettle

123. 126iBiodiversity Field Guide i2016
Anax guttatus
Blue-tailed Green darter
Anthia sexguttata
(Six-spotted Black Beetle)
Apis dorsata
(Giant Honey Bee)
Brachythemis contaminata
(ditch Jewel)
Bradinopyga geminata
(Granite Ghost)
Black and red stripped
beetle
Camponotus compressus
Common Godzilla Ant
Ceriagrion cerinorubellum
(Common Marsh dartlet)
Ceriagrion
coromandelianum
(Coromandel Marsh dart)
iNSECTS

124. Biodiversity Field Guide i2016 i 127
Cosmoscarta Sp.
(Spittle bug)
Diplacodes trivialis
(Ground Skimmer)
Diapheromera blatchley
(Walking Stick)
Efferia pogonias
(robber Fly)
Forficula auricularia
(Earwig)
Ictinogomphus rapax
Common Clubtail
Indoclystus singularis
(Antlion)
Ischnura aurora
(Golden dartlet/ Gossamer
damselfly)
Ischnura senegalensis
(Senegal Golden dartlet)
iNSECTS

125. 128iBiodiversity Field Guide i2016
Leptogenys processionalis
(Procession Ant)
Mantis religiosa
(Praying Mantis)
Oryctes rhinoceros
(Asiatic rhinoceros Beetle)
Orthetrum luzonicum
(Tricoloured Marsh Hawk)
Orthetrum sabina
(Green Marsh Hawk)
Poekilocerus pictus
(Painted Grasshopper)
Rhyothemis variegata
(Common Picturewing)
Scolopendra morsitans
(Amazon Centipede)
Tetraponera rufonigra
(Arboreal Bicoloured Ant)
iNSECTS

126. Biodiversity Field Guide i2016 i 129
Trithemis aurora
(Crimson Marsh Glider)
Tettigonia viridissima
(Great Green Bush-Cricket)
Tholymis tillarga
(Coral-tailed Cloudwing)
iNSECTS
red Stained Bug

127. 130iBiodiversity Field Guide i2016
l
epidopterans include butterflies and
moths. These are winged creatures,
each having a pair of long and wide
wings, and constitute some of the most
fascinating insects on the planet. The life
cycle is made up of four stages: egg, larva
(popularly known as caterpillar), pupa, and
adult. The cycle shows a dramatic change in
body anatomy of the lepidopteran: this
change is called metamorphosis.
Butterflies and moths differ on many counts.
Most species of butterflies are diurnal (day-
flying), while most moths are nocturnal
(night-flying). Butterflies have large, brightly
coloured wings and follow conspicuous
fluttering flight patterns. Moths are dully
coloured, and fly less conspicuously. The
antennae of butterfly are long and lobed at
the tip; moths have spindly or hairy
antennae with no lobes at the tips. A
lEPidOPTErANS
BUTTErFliES

128. Biodiversity Field Guide i2016 i 131
common misconception on differentiating
butterflies from moths is that butterflies sit
with their wings shut, while moths sit with
their wings open. While this is mostly true,
many butterflies and moths defy both
notions. Therefore, this is not a reliable
observation.
All lepidopterans are agents of pollination,
and make for beautiful specimens in any
garden. Culturally, butterflies are a popular
motif in the visual and literary arts. But they
are useful in other ways: some caterpillars
feed on harmful insects. The most
commercial use for lepidopterans is in the
practice of sericulture-the cultivation of
silkworms to spin silk fibres.
However, some lepidopterans are pests as
larvae when they damage domestic crops
and trees.
Eurema hecabe
BUTTErFliES

129. 132iBiodiversity Field Guide i2016
S.NoFamily Scientific Name Common Name
1 Arctiidae Amata passalis Tiger Moth
2" Amerila astreus Croker's Frother Moth
3" Utetheisa pulchella Heliotrope Moth
4 Crambidae Pygospila tyres Snout-nose Crambid
5 Geometridae Hemithea aestivaria Emerald Moth
6 Hesperiidae Caprona ransonnettii Golden Angle
7" Coladenia indrani Tricoloured Pied Flat
8" Hasora chromus Common Banded Awl
9" Pelopidas mathias Small Branded Swift
10 " Spialia glaba indian Skipper
11 lycaenidae Castalius rosimon Common Pierrot
12 " Catochrysops strabo Forget-me-not
13 " Curetis bulis Bright Sunbeam
14 " Curetis dentate Angled Sunbeam
15 " Everes lacturnus indian Cupid
16 " Freyeria trochylus Grass Jewel
17 " Jamides celeno Common Cerulean
18 " Leptotes plinius Zebra Blue
19 " Prosotas nora Common line Blue
20 " Pseudozizeeria maha Pale Grass Blue
21 " Rapala jarbus indian red Flash
22 " Rathinda amor Monkey Puzzle
23 " Spindasis vulcanus Common Silverline
24 " Talicada nyseus red Pierrot
25 " Zizina otis lesser Grass Blue
26 lymantriidae Arctornis Sp. Tussock Moth
27 Noctuidae Erebus ephesperis Owl Moth
28 Nymphalidae Acraea violae Tawny Coster
29 " Byblia ilityia Joker
30 " Charaxes solon Black rajah
31 " Danaus chrysippus Plain Tiger
32 " Danaus genutia Striped Tiger
33 " Euploea core Common indian Crow
34 " Euthalia aconthea Common Baron
35 " Hypolimnas bolina Great Eggfly
36 " Hypolimnas misippus danaid Eggfly
37 " Lethe rohria Common Tree Brown
38 " Melanitis leda Common Evening Brown
39 " Neptis hylas Common Sailor
BUTTErFliES

130. Biodiversity Field Guide i2016 i 133
S.NoFamily Scientific Name Common Name
40 Nymphalidae Phalanta phalantha Common leopard
41 " Polyura athamas Common Nawab
42 " Précis almana Peacock Pansy
43 " Précis hierta yellow Pansy
44 " Précis iphita Chocolate Pansy
45 " Précis lemonias lemon Pansy
46 " Précis orithya Blue Pansy
47 " Symphaedra nais Baronet
48 " Tirumala limniace Blue Tiger
49 " Ypthima pandocus Common Three ring
50 Papillonidae Anapheis aurota Pioneer
51 " Catopsilia crocale lemon Emigrant
52 " Catopsilia pomona Common Emigrant
53 " Catopsilia pyranthe Mottled Emigrant
54 " Cepora nerissa Common Gull
55 " Colias feildii dark Clouded yellow
56 Pieridae Colotis danae Crimson Tip
57 " Colotis etrida Small or little Orange Tip
58 " Colotis eucharis Plain Orange Tip
59 " Delias eucharis Common Jezebel
60 " Eurema hecabe Common Grass yellow
61 " Graphium agamemnon Tailed Jay
62 " Graphium doson Common Jay
63 " Ixias marianne White Orange Tip
64 " Leptosia nina Psyche
65 " Pachliopta aristolochiae Common rose
66 " Pachliopta hector Crimson rose
67 " Papilio demoleus lime Butterfly
68 " Papilio polytes Common Mormon
69 " Pareronia valeria Common Wanderer
70 Plutellidae Plutella xylostella diamondback Moth
71 Psychidae Clania crameri Bagworm Moth
72 Saturniidae Antheraea paphia Tussar Silk Moth
73 " Argema maenas Moon Moth
74 " Attacus atlas Atlas Moth
75 " Loepa katinka Golden Emperor Moth
76 Sphingidae Acherontia Sp. death's Head Hawkmoth
77 " Cephonodes kingii Bee Hawkmoth
78 Uraniidae Micronia aculeata Swallowtail Moth
BUTTErFliES

131. 134iBiodiversity Field Guide i2016
Acraea violae
(Tawny Coster)
Byblia ilityia
(Joker)
Caprona ransonnettii
(Golden Angle)
Castalius rosimon
(Common Pierrot)
Catopsilia pomona
(Common Emigrant)
Catochrysops strabo
(Forget-me-not)
Catopsilia pyranthe
(Mottled Emigrant)
Cepora nerissa
(Common Gull)
Coladenia indrani
(Tricoloured Pied Flat)
BUTTErFliES

132. Biodiversity Field Guide i2016 i 135
Colotis etrida
(little Orange Tip)
Danaus chrysippus
(Plain Tiger)
Danaus genutia
(Striped Tiger)
Delias eucharis
(Common Jezebel))
Euploea core
(Common indian Crow)
Eurema hecabe
(Common Grass yellow)
Everes lacturnus
(indian Cupid)
Eurema blanda
(Three spot grass yellow)
Euthalia aconthea
(Common Baron)
BUTTErFliES

133. 136iBiodiversity Field Guide i2016
Freyeria trochylus
(Grass Jewel)
Graphium agememnon
(Tailed Jay)
Hasora chromus
(Common Banded Awl)
Hypolimnas misippus
(danaid Eggfly)
Hypolimnas bolina
(Great Eggfly)
Jamides celeno
(Common Cerulean)
Jisnonia lemonias
(lemon Pansy)
Leptosia nina
(Psyche)
Leptotes plinius
(Zebra Blue)
BUTTErFliES

134. Biodiversity Field Guide i2016 i 137
Melanitis leda
(Common Evening Brown)
Neptis hylas
(Common Sailor)
Pachliopta aristolochiae
(Common rose)
Pachliopta hector
(Crimson rose)
Papilio demoleus
(lime Butterfly)
Papilio polytes
(Common Mormon)
Papilio polymnestar
(Blue marmoon)
Papilio crino
(Common Banded
Peacock)
Phalanta phalantha
(Common leopard)
BUTTErFliES

135. 138iBiodiversity Field Guide i2016
Polyura athamas
(Common Nawab)
Precis iphita
(Chocolate Pansy)
Precis orithya
(Blue Pansy)
Precis almana
(Peacock Pansy)
Precis hierta
(yellow Pansy)
Prosotas nora
(Common line Blue)
Rathinda amor
(Monkey Puzzle)
Spialia glaba
(indian Skipper)
Symphaedra nais
(Baronet)
BUTTErFliES

136. Biodiversity Field Guide i2016 i 139
Talicada nyseus
(red Pierrot)
Tirumala limniace
(Blue Tiger)
Zizina otis
(lesser Grass Blue)
BUTTErFliES
lime Butterfly

137. 140iBiodiversity Field Guide i2016
ArACHNidS
Arachnids have eight legs, almost all are terrestrial and are
carnivorous. They include several species of spiders, scorpions, ticks,
and mites. There are 73,440 identified species of arachnids in the
world, of which 5,818 (7.9%) are found in india .
SPidErS

138. Biodiversity Field Guide i2016 i 141
S.NoFamily Scientific Common Telugu
Name Name Name
1Araneidae Argiope aemula Oval Signature Spider -
2“ Argiope anasuja Signature Spider -
3“ Gasteracantha geminata Spiky Orb Spider -
4“ Gasteracantha mammosa --
5“ Neoscona bengalensis Spotted Orb Spider -
6“ Neoscona mukerjei Common Garden Spider Saale purugu
7Corrinidae Castianeira zetes Ant-mimic -
8Eresidae Stegodyphus sarasinorum Social Spider -
9Hersiliidae Hersilia aadi Two Tailed Spider -
10lycosidae Pardosa birmanica Wolf Spider -
11“ Pardosa sumatrana Wolf Spider -
12“ Lycosa Sp. --
13Nephilidae Nephila pilipes Giant wood spider -
14Oxyopidae Oxyopes birmanicus Brown lynx Spider -
15“ Oxyopes javanus --
16“ Oxyopes kohaensis --
17“ Oxyopes pankaji --
18“ Oxyopes shweta --
19“ Peucetia viridans Green lynx Spider -
20“ Peucetia yogeshi --
21Pholcidae Crossopryza lyoni daddy long legs -
22Salticidae Carrhotus viduus Jumping Spider -
23“ Hasarus adansoni --
24“ Hyllus semicupreus --
25“ Marpissa mandali --
26“ Thyene imperialis --
27“ Myrmarachne Ant Mimic Spider -
plataleoides
28Tetragnathidae Leucauge decorata decorated Spider -
29Thomisidae Thomisus projectus Flower Crab spider -
30“ Misumena mridulai --
Spiders
SPidErS

139. 142iBiodiversity Field Guide i2016
Argiope aemula
(Oval Signature Spider)
Argiope anasuja
(Signature Spider)
Carrhotus viduus
(Jumping Spider)
Gasteracantha mammosa
(Spiny backed spider)
Gasteracantha geminata
(Spiky Orb Spider)
Hasarius adansoni
(common house
jumping spider)
Hersilia aadi
(Two-Tailed Spider)
Hyllus semicupreus
(Jumping spider)
Marpissa mandali
(Jumping Spider)
SPidErS

140. Biodiversity Field Guide i2016 i 143
Oxyopes birmanicus
(Brown lynx Spider)
Oxyopes javanus
(Brown lynx Spider)
Oxyopes kohaensis
(Green lynx Spider)
Misumena mridulai
(Flower-crab spider)
Myrmarachne plataleoides
(Ant Mimic Spider)
Neoscona bengalensis
(Spotted Orb Spider)
Neoscona bengalensis
(Spotted Orb Spider)
Neoscona mukerjei
(Common Garden Spider)
Nephila pilipes
(Giant Wood Spider)
SPidErS

141. 144iBiodiversity Field Guide i2016
Oxyopes pankaji
(Brown lynx Spider)
Oxyopes shweta
(White lynx Spider)
Pardosa birmanica
(Wolf Spider)
Peucetia viridans
(Green lynx Spider)
Peucetia yogesh
(Green lynx Spider)
Stegodyphus sarasinorum
(Social Spider)
Thomisus projectus
(Flower-crab spider)
Thyene imperialis
(Old- world Jumping
spider)
SPidErS

142. Biodiversity Field Guide i2016 i 145
Lychas tricarinatus
(Scorpion)
Heterometrus
swammerdami
(Giant Forest Scorpion)
Hottentotta tamulus
(Brown (indian red))
Scorpions
S.NoFamily Scientific Common Telugu
Name Name Name
1 Buthidae Hottentotta tamulus Brown (indian red) Scorpion Telu
2“ Isometrus corbeti Scorpion -
3“ Lychas tricarinatus Scorpion -
4 ScorpionidaeHeterometrus swammerdamiGiant Forest Scorpion -
SCOrPiONS

143. Tiger prawn
146iBiodiversity Field Guide i2016
S.No. Family Scientific Name local Name
1 Penaeidae Penaeus monodon Tiger Prawn
2 Penaeidae Penaeus semisulcatus Green Tiger Prawn
3 Penaeidae Penaeus merguiensis Banana Prawn
4 Penaeidae Penaeus indicus yelli royya and Tella royya
5 Penaeidae Metapenaeus monoceros Bonga royya & Kalandan
6 Penaeidae Metapenaeus affinis Kayabonga, royya
7 Penaeidae Metapenaeus brevicornis yellow prawn or poovalin
8 Penaeidae Metapenaeus dobsoni Chenki royya
9 Penaeidae Parapenaeopsis hardvicki -
10 Penaeidae Parapenaeopsis stylifera -
11 Penaeidae Parapenaeopsis sculptilis Gulla royya
12 Penaeidae Solenocera indica yerri royya
13 Sergestidae Acetes incidus Coyya Pottu
14 Palaemonidae Palaemon tempes Singidi royya
Prawns
Crustaceans form a very large group of arthropods, usually treated as a
subphylum. Crustaceans include crabs, shrimp, barnacles, etc. There are 35,534
identified species of crustaceans in the world, of which 2,934 (8.26%) are found
in india .
PrAWNS
CrUSTACEANS

144. Biodiversity Field Guide i2016 i 147
Crabs
S.NoFamily Scientific Name Common Name
1 Gecarcinidae Cardisoma carnifex Mangrove Crab
2 Grapsidae Metaplax distincta Mangrove Tree Crab
3 Matutidae Matuta lunaris Spiny Crab
4 Ocypodidae Ocypoda platytarsis Ghost Crab
5" Uca rosea rosy Fiddler Crab
6" Uca triangularis Triangular Fiddler Crab
7" Uca urvillei d'Urville's Fiddler Crab
8 Portunidae Charybdis annulata Brown Crab
9" Charybdis cruciata Cross Crab
10 " Charybdis natator Brown Crab
11 " Portunus pelagicus reticulate Crab/Swimming Crab
12 " Portunus sanguinolentus Spotted Crab
13 " Scylla oceanica Mud Crab
14 " Scylla serrata Mud Crab
15 " Scylla tranquibarica Mud Crab
16 Sesarmidae Episesarma versicolor Mangrove Tree Crab
17 " Parasesarma plicatum Mangrove Tree Crab
18 " Perisesarma aspera Mangrove Tree Crab
19 " Perisesarma bengalensis Mangrove Tree Crab
CrABS

145. 148iBiodiversity Field Guide i2016
Matuta lunaris
(Spiny Crab)
Metaplax distincta
(Mangrove Tree Crab)
Parasesarma plicatum
(Mangrove Tree Crab)
Cardisoma carnifex
(Mangrove Crab)
Charybdis annulata
(Brown Crab)
Charybdis cruciata
(Cross Crab)
Charybdis natator
(Brown Crab)
Episesarma versicolor
(Mangrove Tree Crab)
CrABS

146. Biodiversity Field Guide i2016 i 149
Portunus pelagicus
(reticulate Crab/ Swimming
Crab)
Scylla oceanica
(Mud Crab)
Scylla serrata
(Mud Crab)
Scylla tranquibarica
(Mud Crab)
Uca rosea
(rosy Fiddler Crab)
Uca triangularis
(Triangular Fiddler Crab)
Uca urvillei
(d'Urville's Fiddler Crab)
CrABS
Scylla sp.

147. 150iBiodiversity Field Guide i2016
FiSH
F
ish are aquatic organisms that lack limbs
with digits and bear gills instead of lungs.
Most fish are ectothermic (cold-blooded),
allowing their body temperatures to change
with the ambient temperature.
Fish are found in nearly all aquatic
environments: mountain streams, ponds and
lakes, rivers, estuaries, and seas and oceans.
With 32,000 identified and classified species,
fish represent the most diverse forms among
the vertebrates.
The most important resource that fish

148. Biodiversity Field Guide I2016 I 151
FISH
present to us is food. Commercial and
subsistence fishers hunt them in wild fisheries
or farm them in ponds and cages-this practice
is known as aquaculture. They are also caught
by recreational fishers, kept as pets in fish
tanks, and displayed for aesthetic or scientific
purposes in aquaria.
Freshwater Fish
Freshwater fish live in ponds, lakes, rivers,
and other bodies with less than 0.05% salinity.
41.24% of all known species are freshwater in
nature.
FISH

149. 152IBiodiversity Field Guide I2016
Freshwater Fish
S.NoFamily Scientific Common Telugu/Hindi
Name Name Name
1 Ambassidae Pseudambassis rangaIndian Glass Perch -
2 Bagridae Mystus cavasius Gangetic Mystus Muti-Jhella, Nahara-Jella,
Thella-Jella
3“ Sperata seenghala Giant River-Catfish Imleekam, Cerebella,
Mukul Jella, Multi-Jellah,
Nare-Jella, Seenghala
4 Belonidae Xenentodon Freshwater Garfish/ Kokare, Konti,
cancilla Needle Nose Fish Sora Cheepa
5 Channidae Channa marulius Giant Snakehead Erramatta, Mottu, Korava,
Poole Amalli
6“ Channa punctatus Spotted Murrel Mitta
(Snakehead)
7“ Channa striatus Striped Snakehead Korameenu
8 Cichlidae Etroplus maculatus Orange Chromide Cashimera
9“ Etroplus suratensis Green Chromide Matha
(Pearlspot)
10“ Oreochromis Mozambique Tilapia Tilapia
mossambica
11Clariidae Clarias batrachus Black Walking Marpoo, Marpulu
Catfish (Magur)
12Cyprinidae Catla catla Catla (Thick Lips) Botchu
13“ Cirrhinus mrigala Mrigal Mrigala
14“ Ctenopharyngodon Grass Carp Arju, Elamosa
idella
15“ Cyprinus carpio Wild Common Gundu Chepa
Carp
16“ HypophthalmichthysSilver Carp -
molitrix
17“ Labeo calbasu Orangefin Characin Kaki Bonda,
Nalagundumenu,
Nallchitraya
18“ Labeo rohita Rohu Ravata
19“ Puntius sophore Pool Barb/Spotfin Budda Pakke,
Swamp Barb Chadu-Perigi
20Gobiidae Glossogobius giurusFlathead/ Esuka dondu
Bar-eyed Goby
21HeteropneustidaeHeteropneustes Sting Catfish Ingilayee, Mapujella
fossilis
22MastacembelidaeMastas cembelus Tire-track Spiny Eel Mulugu, , Pamlu Chepa
armatus
23Notopteridae Chitala chitala Indian Featherback Chitala
24“ Notopterus Bronze Ulakathatta, Valuga
Notopterus Featherback
25Pangasiidae Pangasianodon Silver Striped/Iridescent -
hypophthalmus Shark Catfish
26Siluridae Ompok bimaculatusIndian Butter Catfish Duka damu, Theenuva
27“ Wallago attu Helicopter Catfish Athiyala, Walagah, Walla
FISH

150. Biodiversity Field Guide I2016 I 153
Channa punctatus
(Spotted Murrel
(Snakehead)
Cirrhinus mrigala
(Mrigal)
Clarias batrachus
(Black Walking Catfish
(Magur))
Cyprinus carpio
(Wild Common Carp)
Etroplus suratensis
(Green Chromide
(Pearlspot))
Catla catla
(Catla)
Glossogobius giurus
(Flathead/Bar-eyed Goby)
Labeo rohita
(Rohu)
Ompok bimaculatus
(Indian Butter Catfish)
FISH

151. 154IBiodiversity Field Guide I2016
Oreochromis mossambica
(Mozambique Tilapia)
Heteropneustes fossilis
(Sting Catfish)
Wallago attu
(Whiskered Catfish (Boal)
Saltwater Fish
Saltwater fish live in salt lakes, seas, and oceans, where salinity exceeds 0.05%. Coastal fish
(also known as offshore fish or neritic fish) inhabit the sea between the shoreline and the
edge of the continental shelf. Pelagic fish live near the surface of the water, while demersal
fish live near the bottom of the sea.
FISH
Catla catla

152. Biodiversity Field Guide I2016 I 155
Saltwater / Coastal Fish
S.NoFamily Scientific Common Telugu
Name Name Name
1 Anguillidae Anguilla Indian Malugu pamu
bengalensis Mottled Eel
2 Antennariidae Antennarius Shaggy Frogfish/ Burubomtha
hispidus Shaggy Angler
3 Bagridae Mystus Striped Dwarf Jella
vittatus Catfish
4 Belonidae Strongylura Spottail Kolas
strongylura Needle Fish
5 Carangidae Megalaspis Torpedo Scad Para
cordyla
6“ Scomberoides Doublespotted Tholu para
lysan Queen Fish
7 Carcharhinidae Galeocerdo Tiger Shark Kethalam sorrah,
cuvier Kurangu, sorrah
Vulluvan sorrah
8 CentropomidaeLates calcarifer Barramundi Pandugappa
9 Chanidae Chanos chanos Milk Fish Paala chepa
10Clupeideae Hilsa ilisha Indian Shad Polasa
11Clupeidae Tenualosa toli Toli Shad Kilealu
12Dasyatidae Himantura walga Dwarf Whipray Teku
13Fistulariidae Fistularia petimba Red Cornet Fish Thoka kolas
14Gymnuridae Gymnura poecilura Long-tailed Teku
Butterfly Ray
15Haemulidae Pomadasys Saddle Grunt Kichem goraka
maculatus
16HexagrammidaePleurogrammus Smallhead Hairtail Savidam
muticus
17Lutjanidae Lutjanus johnii John's Snapper Empall
18“ Lutjanus rivulatus Blubberlip Snapper Gorasa
19“ Lutjanus russellii Russell's Snapper Gorasa
20Menidae Mene maculata Moonfish Thattu
21Mugilidae Liza parsia Gold-spot Mullet Koinga
22“ Liza saliens Leaping Mullet Katta chepa
23Muraenidae Gymnothorax Spotted Moray Eel Pamu cheap
reticularis
24Myliobatidae Manta birostris Giant Manta Ray Kommosh
25OgcocephalidaeHalieutaea stellata Starry Handfish/ Batfish -
26ParalichthyidaePseudorhombus Largetooth Flounder Thambarottu
arsius
27PlatycephalidaeCociella crocodilus Crocodile Flathead Sotlamari
28Plotosidae Plotosus limbatus Darkfin Eel Catfish Ingilam
29RhincodontidaeRhincodon typus Whale Shark Bogasora
30Rhinobatidae Rhinobatos Granulated Elava
granulatus Guitar Fish
FISH

153. 156IBiodiversity Field Guide I2016
S.NoFamily Scientific Common Telugu
Name Name Name
31Scatophagidae Scatophagus argus Spotted Scat Easupitta
32Scombridae Euthynnus alletteratusLittle Tunny Sura
33“ Rastrelliger kanagurtaIndian Mackerel Kanaganta
34Serranidae Epinephelus coioides Orange-spotted GrouperBontha
35“ Epinephelus Malabar Grouper Bontha
malabaricus
36Sillaginidae Sillago sihama Silver Sillago/ Artikai
Northern Whiting
37Soleidae Synaptura zebra Zebra Fish Thambarottu
38Stromateidae Pampus argenteus Silver Pomfret Thella chanduva
39Syngnathidae Hippocampus kelloggiGreat Seahorse Samudra gurram
40TetraodontidaeLagocephalus lunaris Lunartail Puffer Bonka
41Torpedinidae Torpedo sinuspersici Variable Torpedo Ray Thimmiri teku
Anguilla bengalensis
(Indian Mottled Eel)
Antennarius hispidus
(Shaggy Frogfish/ Shaggy
Angler)
Chanos chanos
(Milk Fish)
Cociella crocodilus
(Crocodile Flathead)
Epinephelus coioides
(Orange-spotted Grouper)
Epinephelus malabaricus
(Malabar Grouper)
FISH

154. Biodiversity Field Guide I2016 I 157
Euthynnus alletteratus
(Little Tunny)
Fistularia petimba
(Red Cornet Fish)
Galeocerdo cuvier
(Tiger Shark)
Gymnothorax reticularis
(Spotted Moray Eel)
Gymnura poecilura
(Long-tailed Butterfly Ray)
Halieutaea stellata
(Starry Handfish/Batfish)
Himantura walga
(Dwarf Whipray)
Hippocampus kelloggi
(Great Seahorse)
Lagocephalus lunaris
(Lunartail Puffer)
FISH

155. 158IBiodiversity Field Guide I2016
Lates calcarifer
(Barramundi)
Liza parsia
(Gold-spot Mullet)
Liza saliens
(Leaping Mullet)
Lutjanus johnii
(John's Snapper)
Lutjanus rivulatus
(Blubberlip Snapper)
Lutjanus russellii
(Russell's Snapper)
Manta birostris
(Giant Manta Ray)
Megalaspis cordyla
(Torpedo Scad)
Mene maculata
(Moon Fish)
FISH

156. Biodiversity Field Guide I2016 I 159
Mystus vittatus
(Striped Dwarf Cat Fish)
Pampus argenteus
(Silver Pomfret)
Pleurogrammus muticus
(Smallhead Hairtail)
Plotosus limbatus
(Darkfin Eel Cat Fish)
Pomadasys maculatus
(Saddle Grunt)
Pseudorhombus arsius
(Largetooth Flounder)
Rastrelliger kanagurta
(Indian Mackerel)
Rhinobatos granulatus
(Granulated Guitar Fish)
Rhincodon typus
(Whale Shark)
FISH

157. 160IBiodiversity Field Guide I2016
Scatophagus argus
(Spotted Scat)
Scomberoides lysan
(Doublespotted Queen Fish)
Sillago sihama
(Silver Sillago/ Northern
Whiting)
Strongylura strongylura
(Spottail Needle Fish)
Synaptura zebra
(Zebra Fish)
Tenualosa toli
(Toli Shad)
Torpedo sinuspersici
(Variable Torpedo Ray)
FISH
Jelly fish

158. AMPHIBIANS
AMPHIBIANS
Common Tree Frog

159. 162IBiodiversity Field Guide I2016
A
mphibians are extremely sensitive to
external factors due to their permeable
skin: small changes in the environment
can affect their survival tremendously.
Therefore, they act as environmental
indicators. Their recent dramatic decline in
population is testimony to the earth's
invironmental degrading state. A combination
of habitat destruction and modification, over-
exploitation of resources, pollution, introduced
species, and climate change have caused the
destruction of micro-niches where they live, as
well as the spread of infectious diseases like
chytridiomycosis that are fatal to amphibians.
There are more than 4,000 different kinds
of amphibians, which include frogs and toads,
salamanders, newts, and caecilians
(blindworms).
Toads can be told apart from frogs due to
their thick glandular warty skin; frogs have
smooth slimy skin. Toads burrow in the soil and
their stout body, short limbs and large
tympanums are not suited to a life in water.
Frogs, however, have powerful hind limbs with
webbed feet, perfect for leaping and
swimming. Some frogs are suited for terrestrial
or even arboreal living.
AMPHIBIANS
Kaloula taprobanica

160. Biodiversity Field Guide I2016 I 163
AMPHIBIANS
S.NoFamily Scientific Common Telugu/Hindi
Name Name Name
1 Bufonidae Duttaphrynus stomaticusMarbled Toad Palarati Kappa
2“ Duttaphrynus Common Indian Toad Samanya Kappa
melanostictus
3 Dicroglossidae Euphlyctis Indian Skipper Frog Vari Sen Kappa
cyanophlyctis
4“ Euphlyctis hexadactylus Indian Pond Frog Cheruvu Kappa
5“ Fejervarya limnocharis Indian Cricket Frog Kappa
6“ Hoplobatrachus tigerinusIndian Bullfrog Goduru Kappa
7“ Sphaerotheca breviceps Indian Burrowing Frog Boriyalu Kappa
8 Microhylidae Kaloula taprobanica Indian Painted Frog Erupu Kappa
9“ Microhyla ornata Ornate Narrow Ala kari ncaba
mouthed Frog inaIrukaina-norugalinaKappa
10 “ Microhyla rubra Red Narrow ErupuIrukaina
mouthed Frog norugalina Kappa
11 “ Ramanella variegata Marbled PalaratiIrukaina
Narrow-mouthed Frog norugalina Kappa
12 “ Uperodon systoma Marbled Palarati Balloon Kappa
Balloon Frog
13 Rhacophoridae Polypedates maculatus Common Tree Frog Sunnam Kappa
Duttaphrynus melanostictus
(Common Indian Toad)
Duttaphrynu stomaticus
(Marbled Toad)
Euphlyctis cyanophlyctis
(Indian Skipper Frog)

161. 164IBiodiversity Field Guide I2016
Euphlyctis hexadactylus
(Indian Pond Frog)
Fejervarya Sp.
(Indian Cricket Frog)
Hoplobatrachus tigerinus
(Indian Bull frog)
Microhyla ornata
(Ornate Narrow-mouthed
Frog)
Microhyla rubra
(Narrow-mouthed Frog)
Sphaerotheca breviceps
(Indian Burrowing Frog)
Uperodon systoma
(Marbled Balloon Frog)
Uperdon variegata
(Marbled Narrow-mouthed
Frog)
AMPHIBIANS

162. REPTILES
REPTILES
Naja naja

163. 166IBiodiversity Field Guide I2016
REPTILES
Golden gecko

164. Biodiversity Field Guide I2016 I 167
REPTILES
Reptiles are cold-blooded animals that comprise turtles, crocodilians, snakes, lizards, and monitors.
Their most popular extinct relatives are the dinosaurs. There are 5,817 identified species of reptiles in
the world, of which 460 (7.91%) are found in India .
Unlike amphibians, reptiles live wholly on land, both at the young and adult stages and breathe
through lungs only. However, some reptiles found both on land and in water.
Many reptiles have the power of regeneration: if one body part is lost, it can be regrown again. This is
popularly noticed in many house lizards. Others have the ability to camouflage, like the chameleon.

165. 168IBiodiversity Field Guide I2016
REPTILES
S.NoFamily Scientific Name Common Name Telugu/Hindi Name
1 Agamidae Calotes versicolor Oriental Garden Lizard Thonda
2" Psammophilus dorsalis South Indian Rock Agama Police thonda
3" Sitana ponticeriana Fan-throated Lizard Seethamma thonda
4 Boidae Eryx johnii RedSand Boa -
5" Gongylophis conicus Common Sand Boa Puudupamu
6 ChamaeleonidaeChamaeleo zeylanicus Indian Chameleon Oosaravelli
7 Cheloniidae Chelonia mydas Green Sea Turtle Samudrapu thabelu
8" Eretmochelys imbricate Hawksbill sea turtle Samudrapu thabelu
9" Lepidochelys olivacea Olive Ridley Sea Turtle Samudrapu thabelu
10Colubridae Ahaetulla nasuta Green Vine Snake -
11" Amphiesma stolatum Buff-striped Keelback -
12" Argyrogena fasciolatus Banded Racer -
13" Boiga forsteni Forsten's Cat Snake -
14" Boiga trigonata Common Cat Snake -
15" Chrysopelea taprobanica Srilankan Flying Snake -
16" Dendrelaphis tristis Common Bronzeback Tree Snake-
17" Lycodon aulicus Indian Wolf Snake -
18" Lycodon striatus Barred Wolf Snake -
19" Oligodon arnensis Banded Kukri Snake -
20" Oligodon taeniolatus Russell's Kukri Snake -
21" Ptyas mucosa Oriental Rat Snake -
22" Xenochrophis piscator CheckeredKeelback -
23Crocodylidae Crocodylus palustris Mugger Crocodile Musali
24Elapidae Bungarus caeruleus Common Krait -
25" Naja naja Indian (Spectacled) Cobra Nagu pamu
26Gekkonidae Hemidactylus brookii Brook's House Gecko Balli
27Geoemydidae Melanochelys trijuga Indian Black Turtle Nalla thabelu
28Lacertidae Ophisops jerdonii Snake-eyed Lacerta/ -
29Natricidae Macropisthodon plumbicolorGreen Keelback -
30Pythonidae Python molurus Indian Rock Python -
31Scincidae Eutropis carinata Keeled Indian Skink Nalikiri
32" Eutropis macularia Bronze Grass Skink Nalikiri
33" Lygosoma punctata Spotted Supple Skink Nalikiri
34Testudinidae Geochelone elegans Indian Star Tortoise Thabelu
35Trionychidae Hemidactylus fla viviridis Yellow-bellied Gecko Balli
36" Hemidactylus frenatus Common House Gecko Balli
37" Hemidactylus giganteus Giant Leaf-toed Gecko Balli
38" Hemidactylus leschenaultiiLeschenault's Leaf-toed GeckoBalli
39" Hemidactylus triedrus Termite Hill Gecko Balli

166. Biodiversity Field Guide I2016 I 169
REPTILES
S.NoFamily Scientific Name Common Name Telugu/Hindi Name
40Trionychidae Hemidactylus truetleri Truetler's Gecko Jerdon's Balli
Snake-eye
41" Lissemys punctata Indian Flapshell Turtle Maanchineeti thabelu
42Typhlopidae Ramphotyphlops braminusBrahminy WormSnake -
43Varanidae Varanus bengalensis Bengal Monitor Uudumu
44Viperidae Daboia russelii Russell's Viper -
45" Echis carinatus Saw-scaled Viper -
46" Trimeresurus gramineus Bamboo Pit Viper -
Argyogena fasciolatus
(Banded Racer)
Boiga trigonata
(Indian Gamma/ Common
Cat Snake)
Bungarus caeruleus
(Common Krait)
Calotes versicolor
(Oriental Garden Lizard)
Chamaeleo zeylanicus
(Indian Chameleon)
Coluber bholanathi

167. 170IBiodiversity Field Guide I2016
Daboia russelii
(Russell’s Viper)
Echis carinatus
(Saw-scaled Viper)
Eryx johnii
(Indian (Red) Sand Boa)
Eutropis carinata
(Keeled Grass Skink/
Keeled Indian Mayuba)
Eutropis macularia
(Bronze Grass Skink/Bronze
Mayuba)
Geochelone elegans
(Indian Star Tortoise)
Gongylophis conicus
(Rough-tailed Sand Boa)
Hemidactylus brookii
(Brook’s House Gecko)
Hemidactylus flaviviridis
(Yellow-bellied Gecko/ Green
Hose Gecko)
REPTILES

168. Biodiversity Field Guide I2016 I 171
Hemidactylus frenatus
(Common House Gecko)
Hemidactylus giganteus
(Giant Leaf-toed Gecko)
Hemidactylus leschenaultii
(CheckeredKeelback)
Hemidactylus triedrus
(Termite Hill Geck)
Lycodon aulicus
(Indian Wolf Snake)
Lissemys punctata
(Indian Flapshell Turtle)
Macropisthodon
plumbicolor
(Bronze Grass Skink/Bronze
Mayuba)
Melanochelys trijuga
(Indian Black Turtle)
Naja naja
(Indian (Spectacled)
Cobra)
REPTILES

169. 172IBiodiversity Field Guide I2016
REPTILES
Oligodon arnensis
(Banded Kukri Snake)
Ophisops jerdonii
(Snake-eyed skink)
Python molurus
(Indian Rock Python)
Pytas mucosa
(Oriental Rat Snake)
Psammophilus dorsalis
(South India Rock Agama)
Sitana ponticeriana
(Fan-throated Lizard)
Varanus bengalensis
(Bengal Monitor)
Trimeresurus gramineus
(Bamboo Pit Viper/ Indian
Green Tree Viper)
Xenochrophis piscator
(Checkered Keelback)

170. BIRDS
Biodiversity Field Guide I2016 I 173
BIRDS
Birds are feathered, winged, two-legged, warm
blooded, egg-laying vertebrates. There are 9,026
identified species of birds in the world, of which
1,232 (13.66%) are found in India .
Indian Roller

171. 174IBiodiversity Field Guide I2016
Most bird species have the unique ability to fly. Many birds take advantage of this ability to
migrate great distances in search of warmth and food. In winter, wetlands across our state
suddenly seem to fill with water birds - most of these are indeed migrants that come from far
off cold regions in Western and Northern parts of Asia.
Domesticated birds are important sources of food in the form of eggs and meat.
Recreational bird-watching is an important part of ecotourism. When it comes to agriculture,
birds are both a boon and bane. While birds help control pest populations and even eliminate
weeds, many species are destructive to farmlands, often raiding crops before they are ripened
or harvested. Birds can also serve as vectors to some major diseases like psittacosis, avian
tuberculosis and, most famously, avian influenza (bird flu) that are harmful for humans.
BIRDS
Braminy Starling

172. Biodiversity Field Guide I2016 I 175
Terrestrial Birds
S.NoFamily Scientific Common Telugu/Hindi Foraging
Name Name Name Guide
1 Accipitridae Accipiter badius Shikra Jaali dega Carnivorous
2“ Elanus caeruleusBlack Adavi Ramadasu Carnivorous
shouldered Kite
3“ Haliastur indus Brahminy Kite Bapana Gadda Carnivorous
4“ Milvus migrans Black Kite Mala Gadda Carnivorous
5“ Spilornis cheela Crested Nalla Pamulu Carnivorous
Serpent-Eagle Gadda
6 Aegithinidae Aegithina tiphia Common Iora Patsu Jitta Insectivorous
7 Alaudidae Alauda gulgula Oriental Skylark Nelapichuka Omnivorous
8“ Ammomanes Rufous Ambati Jorigadu Omnivorous
phoenicurus tailed Lark
9“ Eremopterix Ashy-crowned Potti Pichaka Omnivorous
grisea Sparrow Lark
10Apodidae Apus affinis House Swift Chataka Pakshi Insectivorous
11“ Cypsiurus Asian Palm Swift Chataka Pakshi Insectivorous
balasiensis
12Ardeidae Bubulcus ibis Cattle Egret Samithi Konga Insectivorous
13Bucerotidae Ocyceros Indan Grey Hornbill Kommu Kasiri Omnivorous
birostris
14CaprimulgidaeCaprimulgus Indian Nightjar Bharata Reyipitta Insectivorous
asiaticus
15Campephagidae Pericrocotus Small Minivet Chinna Kumkum Insectivorous
cinnamomeus Pujitha
16ChloropseidaeChloropsis Blue-winged Vanna bojantam Nectarivorous
cochinchinensis leafbird
17Cisticolidae Cisticola juncidisZitting Cisticola Edhurupitta Insectivorous
18“ Orthotomus Common Tailorbird Likka Jitta Insectivorous
sutorius
19“ Prinia inornata Plain Prinia Kurivi Insectivorous
20“ Prinia socialis Ashy Prinia Boori Rangu Insectivorous
Kampajitha
21Columbidae Columba livia Blue Rock Pigeon Gaddi Pauramu Granivorous
22“ Streptopelia Spotted Dove Podabella Granivorous
chinensis guvva
23“ Streptopelia Eurasian Peddabella Granivorous
decaocto Collared Dove Guvva
24“ Streptopelia Laughing Dove Sovata Guvva Granivorous
senegalensis
25Coraciidae Coracias Indian Roller Pala Pitta Insectivorous
benghalensis (Neelkanth)
BIRDS

173. 176IBiodiversity Field Guide I2016
S.NoFamily Scientific Common Telugu/Hindi Foraging
Name Name Name Guide
26Corvidae Corvus Large-billed Nalla Kaaki Omnivorous
macrorhynchos Crow
27“ Corvus House Crow Kaaki Omnivorous
splendens
28“ Dendrocitta Rufous Treepie Yerra Insectivorous
vagabunda Gokuraayi
29Cuculidae Cacomantis Grey-bellied Chinna Insectivorous
passerinus Cuckoo Katte Pitta
30“ Centropus Greater Jamudu Insectivorous
sinensis Coucal Kaki
31“ Clamator Pied Creasted Venda juttu Insectivorous
jacobinus Cuckoo kokila
32“ Eudynamys Asian Koel Kokila Omnivorous
scolopacea
33“ Hierococcyx Common Kutti Pitta Insectivorous
sparverioides Hawk Cuckoo
34Dicaeidae Dicaeum Pale-billed Paalina Mukku Omnivorous
erythrorhynchosFlowerpecker
35Dicruridae Dicrurus Black Drongo Police pitta Insectivorous
macrocercus
36“ Dicrurus White-bellied Konda Passala Insectivorous
caerulescens Drongo Poli Gadu
37Estrildidae Estrilda amandavaRed Avadavat Thorra jeeluvayi Granivorous
38“ Euodice Indian Silver Bill/ Jeeluvayi Granivorous
malabarica White-throated
39“ Lonchura Scaly-breasted Kakkara Jinuvayi Granivorous
punctulata Munia
40Hirundinidae Hirundo Red-rumped Yerupu Insectivorous
daurica Swallow Vanakoyila
41“ Hirundo rustica Barn Swallow Vanakoyila Insectivorous
42Laniidae Lanius vittatus Bay-backed Shrike Chinna billinki Insectivorous
43LeiothrichidaeTurdoides Large Grey Gova sidha Omnivorous
malcomi Babbler
44“ Turdoides Common Chinna sidha Omnivorous
caudatus babbler
45MegalaimidaeMegalaima Coppersmith Kamsali pitta Omnivorous
haemacephala Barbet
46Meropidae Merops Green Chinna Pasirika Insectivorous
orientalis Bee-eater
47“ Merops Blue-tailed Neeli thoka Insectivorous
philippinus Bee-eater Pasirika
48Motacillidae Anthus Paddyfield Gurapa Modi Omnivorous
rufulus Pipit Pitta
49“ Motacilla White-browed Sakala Sarela Gadu Insectivorous
maderaspatensisWagtail
50MuscicapidaeCyornis tickelliaeTickell's Blue Tickell Neeli Insectivorous
Flycatcher Eegapattu
BIRDS

174. Biodiversity Field Guide I2016 I 177
S.NoFamily Scientific Common Telugu/Hindi Foraging
Name Name Name Guide
51MuscicapidaeCercomela Brown Yerrabanda Insectivorous
fusca Rock Chat Nalanchi
52“ Copsychus Oriental Pedda Insectivorous
saularis Magpie Robin Nallanchi
53“ Saxicoloides Indian Robin Nalla Nallanchi Insectivorous
fulicata
54NectariniidaeNectarinia Purple Thene Pitta Nectorivorous
asiatica Sunbird
55“ Nectarinia Purple-rumped Vangapandu Nectarivorous
zeylonica Sunbird Pitta
56Oriolidae Oriolus oriolus Eurasian Vangu Pandu Omnivorous
Golden Oriole
57Passeridae Passer House Sparrow Pichuka Omnivorous
domesticus
58Phasianidae Coturnix Rain Quail Ellanchi Omnivorous
coromandelica
59“ Francolinus Grey Francolin Kamju Omnivorous
pondicerianus
60“ Pavo cristatus Indian Peafowl Nemali Omnivorous
61Picidae Dinopium Lesser Golden- Chiruta Pakshi Omnivorous
benghalense backed woodpecker
62Ploceidae Ploceus Baya Weaver Pasupu Pitta Granivorous
philippinus
63Psittaculidae Psittacula Rose-ringed Chiluka Frugivorous/
krameri Parakeet Granivorous
64PteroclididaePterocles Chestnut- - Omnivorous
exustus bellied Sandgrouse
65PycnonotidaePycnonotus Red-vented Pigili Pitta Omnivorous
cafer Bulbul
66“ Pycnonotus White- - Omnivorous
luteolus browed Bulbul
67Rhipiduridae Rhipidura White- Dasari pitta Insectivorous
albicollis browed Fantail
68Strigidae Athene Spotted Owlet Pagati Kante Carnivorous
brama
69Sturnidae Acridotheres Common Gorinka Omnivorous
tristis Myna
70“ Sturnus Brahminy Papata gorinka Omnivorous
pagodarum Starling
71Sylviidae Chrysomma Yellow- Yerra Kali Jitta Omnivorous
sinense eyed Babbler
72Turdidae Saxicola Pied Bushchat Kampa Nallanchi Omnivorous
caprata
73Tytonidae Tyto alba Barn Owl Chavu Pitta Insectivorous
74Upupidae Upupa epops Common Hoopoe Kukudu Pitta Carnivorous
75ZosteropidaeZosterops Oriental White-eye - Insectivorous
palpebrosus
l Carnivorous: - Feeds on flesh, Omnivorous: - Feeds on plant and animal matters, Insectivorous: - Feeds on Insects, Granivorous:-
Feeds on Grains, Nectarivorous:- Feeds on nectar,
BIRDS

175. 178IBiodiversity Field Guide I2016
BIRDS
Brahminy kite

176. Biodiversity Field Guide I2016 I 179
Accipiter badius
(Shikra)
Acridotheres tristis
(Common Myna)
Aegithina tiphia
(Common Iora)
Alauda gulgula
(Oriental Sky Lark)
Amandava amandava
(Red Avadavat)
Anthus rufulus
(Paddy field Pipit)
Athene brama
(Spotted Owlet)
Bubo bengalensis
(Indian Eagle Owl)
Bubulcus ibis
(Cattle Egret)
BIRDS

177. 180IBiodiversity Field Guide I2016
Caprimulgus asiaticus
(Indian Nightjar)
Centropus sinensis
(Greater Coucal)
Cercomela fusca
(Brown Rock Chat)
Chrysomma sinense
(Yellow-eyed Babbler)
Copsychus saularis
(Oriental Magpie Robin)
Corvus macrorhynchos
(Large-billed Crow)
Corvus splendens
(House Crow)
Cyornis tickelliae
(Tickell's Blue Flycatcher)
Dendrocitta vagabunda
(Rufous Treepie)
BIRDS

178. Biodiversity Field Guide I2016 I 181
Dicaeum erythrorhynchos
(Pale Billed Flowerpecker)
Dicrurus caerulescens
(White-bellied Drongo)
Dicrurus macrocercus
(Black Drongo)
Eremopterix grisea
(Ashy-crowned Sparrow
Lark)
Estrilda amandava
(Red Avadavat)
Eudynamys scolopacea
(Asian Koel)
Francolinus pondicerianus
(Grey Francolin)
Galerida deva
(Skyes Lark)
Hierococcyx sparverioides
(Common Hawk Cuckoo)
BIRDS

179. 182IBiodiversity Field Guide I2016
Hirundo daurica
(Red-rumped Swallow)
Hirundo rustica
(Barn Swallow)
Lanius vittatus
(Bay-backed Shrike)
Lonchura atricapilla
(Chestnut Munia)
Lonchura malabarica
(Indian Silver Bill/ White-
throated Munia)
Lonchura punctulata
(Scaly Breasted Munia)
Megalaima haemacephala
(Coppersmith Barbet)
Merops orientalis
(Green Bee-eater)
Merops philippinus
(Blue-tailed Bee-eater)
BIRDS

180. Biodiversity Field Guide I2016 I 183
Motacilla maderaspatensis
(White-browed Wagtail)
Nectarinia asiatica
(Purple Sunbird)
Ocyceros birostris
(Indan Grey Hornbill)
Oriolus oriolus
(Eurasian Golden Oriole)
Passer domesticus
(House Sparrow)
Pavo cristatus
(Indian Peafowl)
Pericrocotus cinnamomeus
(Small Minivet)
Ploceus philippinus
(Baya Weaver)
Prinia inornata
(Plain Prinia)
BIRDS

181. 184IBiodiversity Field Guide I2016
Prinia socialis
(Ashy Prinia)
Psittacula krameri
(Rose-ringed Parakeet)
Pterocles exustus
(Chestnut-bellied
Sandgrouse)
Pycnonotus cafer
(Red-vented Bulbul)
Pycnonotus luteolus
(White-browed Bulbul)
Rhipidura albicollis
(White-browed Wagtail)
Rhipidura aureola
(White-browed Fantail
Flycatcher)
Saxicola caprata
(Pied Bushchat)
Saxicoloides fulicata
(Indian Robin)
BIRDS

182. Biodiversity Field Guide I2016 I 185
Spilornis cheela
(Crested Serpent-Eagle)
Streptopelia chinensis
(Spotted Dove)
Streptopelia decaocto
(Eurasian Collared Dove)
Sturnus pagodarum
(Brahminy Starling)
Turdoides caudatus
(Common babbler)
Streptopelia senegalensis
(Laughing Dove)
Turdoides malcomi
(Large Grey Babbler)
Tyto alba
(Barn Owl)
Zosterops palpebrosus
(Oriental White Eye)
BIRDS

183. 186IBiodiversity Field Guide I2016
BIRDS
Lesser Golden Back

184. Biodiversity Field Guide I2016 I 187
Wetland and wetland associated birds
S.NoFamily Scientific Common Telugu Foraging
Name Name Name Guide
1 Alcedinidae Alcedo atthis Small Blue KingfisherChinna Piscivorous /
Neela BuchigaaduInsectivorous
2“ Ceryle rudis Pied Kingfisher - Piscivorous /
Insectivorous
3“ Halcyon White-throated Tellachathi Piscivorous /
smyrnensis Kingfisher Buchigaadu Insectivorous
4 Anatidae Anas acuta Northern Pintail Thoka chiluva Omnivorous
5“ Anas Spot-billed Chukka Omnivorous
poecilorhyncha Duck Chiluva
6“ Dendrocygna Lesserd Eela bathu Omnivorous
javanica Whistling-duck
7“ Anser indicus Bar-headed Hamsa Omnivorous
Goose
8“ Tadorna Ruddy Bapana Omnivorous
ferruginea Shelduck Chiluva
9“ Anas crecca Common Teal Paraja Omnivorous
10“ Anas Garganey Pedda Paraja Omnivorous
querquedula
11“ Sarkidiornis Comb duck Juttu Chiluva Omnivorous
melanotos
12“ Nettapus Pygmy Goose Parja Omnivorous
coromandelianus
13Anhingidae Anhinga Darter Paamu Piscivorous
melanogaster Baathu
14Ardeidae Ardea purpurea Purple heron Yerranarayana Piscivorous
Konga
15“ Nycticorax Black crowned Chinthawaka Piscivorous
nycticorax night Heron konga
16“ Ardea cinerea Grey Heron Budidarangu Piscivorous
Konga
17“ Ardeola grayii Indian Pond Heron Guddi Konga Piscivorous /
Insectivorous
18“ Casmerodius albusLarge Egret Pedda Tella KongaPiscivorous /
Insectivorous
19“ Egretta garzetta Little Egret Swathi Konga Piscivorous /
Insectivorous
20“ Mesophoyx Median Egret Chinna Tella Piscivorous
intermedia Konga
21“ Ixobrychus Chestnut bittern Erra Vakhi Piscivorous
cinnamomeus
22Charadriidae Charadrius Kentish Plover Chinna Baithu Omnivorous
alexandrinus Ullanki
23“ Charadrius dubiusLittle Ringed Plover Baitu Ullanki Insectivorous/
Carnivorous
BIRDS

185. 188IBiodiversity Field Guide I2016
S.NoFamily Scientific Common Telugu Foraging
Name Name Name Guide
24Charadriidae Vanellus indicus Red- Ennapa chivata Insectivorous
wattled Lapwing
25“ Vanellus Yellow- Pasupu chivata Insectivorous
malabaricus wattled Lapwing
26Ciconiidae Anastomus Asian Openbill Terapimukku Insectivorous/
oscitans Konga Piscivorous
27“ Mycteria Painted Stork Yerrakala Piscivorous
leucocephala Konga
28Jacanidae Hydrophasianus Pheasant- Neeti Nemali Omnivorous
chirurgus tailed Jacana
29“ Metopidius Bronze- Kanchurekkala Omnivorous
indicus winged Jacana Jacana
30Laridae Sterna aurantia River Tern Ramadasu Piscivorous
31Phala Phalacrocorax Greater Bontha Kaaki Piscivorous
crocoracidae carbo Cormorant
32“ Phalacrocorax Little Cormorant Chinna Neeti Piscivorous
niger Kaaki
33PodicipedidaeTachybaptus Little Grebe Chinna Munugudi Piscivorous /
ruficollis Kodi Insectivorous
34Rallidae Amaurornis White-breasted Buda Kodi Omnivorous
phoenicurus Waterhen
35“ Fulica atra Common Coot Bolli Kodi Omnivorous
36“ Gallinula chloropusCommon Moorhen Jambu Kodi Omnivorous
37RecurvirostridaeHimantopus Black- Nallarekkala Omnivorous
himantopus winged Stilt Ullankipitta
38Scolopacidae Actitis Common Sandpiper Ullanki Omnivorous
hypoleucos
39“ Tringa glareola Wood Sandpiper Podhala Ullanki Omnivorous
40
Threskiornithidae Plegadis Glossy Ibis Thatkankanam Omnivorous
falcinellus
41“ Pseudibis Indian Black Ibis Nalla Kanakam Omnivorous
papillosa
42“ Threskiornis Oriental White Ibis Thellakankanam Omnivorous
melanocephalus
l Carnivorous: -Feeds on fish & flesh, Omnivorous: - Feeds on Plant and animal matters, Insectivorous:- Feeds on Insects
BIRDS

186. Biodiversity Field Guide I2016 I 189
Alcedo atthis
(Small Blue Kingfisher)
Amaurornis phoenicurus
(White-breasted Waterhen)
Anas acuta
(Northern Pintail)
Anas crecca
(Common Teal)
Anas poecilorhyncha
(Spot-billed Duck)
Anastomus oscitans
(Asian Openbill)
Anhinga melanogaster
(Oriental Darter)
Ardea cinerea
(Grey Heron)
Ardea purpurea
(Purple Heron)
BIRDS

187. 190IBiodiversity Field Guide I2016
Casmerodius albus
(Large Egret)
Ceryle rudis
(Pied Kingfisher)
Charadrius alexandrinus
(Kentish Plover)
Charadrius dubius
(Little Ringed Plover)
Dendrocygna javanica
(Lesser Whistling-duck)
Egretta garzetta
(Little Egret)
Fulica atra
(Common Coot)
Gallinula chloropus
(Common Moorhen)
Halcyon smyrnensis
(White-throated
Kingfisher)
BIRDS

188. Biodiversity Field Guide I2016 I 191
Himantopus himantopus
(Black-winged Stilt)
Hydrophasianus chirurgus
(Pheasant-tailed Jacana)
Ixobrychus cinnamomeus
(Chestnut bittern)
Mesophoyx intermedia
(Median Egret)
Metopidius indicus
(Bronze-winged Jacana)
Mycteria leucocephala
(Painted Stork)
Nettapus coromandelianus
(Cotton Teal)
Nycticorax nycticorax
(Black crowned night
Heron)
Pelecanus philippensis
(Grey Pelican/ Spot billed
pelican)
BIRDS

189. 192IBiodiversity Field Guide I2016
Phalacrocorax carbo
(Greater Cormorant)
Phalacrocorax niger
(Little Cormorant)
Plegadis falcinellus
(Glossy Ibis)
Porphyrio porphyrio
(Purple Swamp Hen)
Pseudibis papillosa
(Indian Black Ibis)
Sterna aurantia
(Indian River Tern)
Tachybaptus ruficollis
(Little Grebe)
Tadorna ferruginea
(Ruddy Shelduck)
Threskiornis
melanocephalus
(Oriental White Ibis)
BIRDS

190. Tringa hypoleucos
(Common Sandpiper)
Vanellus indicus
(Red-wattled Lapwing)
Vanellus malabaricus
(Yellow-wattled Lapwing)
Biodiversity Field Guide I2016 I 193
BIRDS
Spot Billed Pelicans

191. 194IBiodiversity Field Guide I2016
Mammals are distinguished from other classes of animals by the virtue of having hair, having
mammary glands to feed milk to young ones, and giving birth to live children (instead of laying eggs).
This class includes us human beings. There are 4,629 identified species of mammals in the world, of
which 397 (8.58%) are found in India .
Mammals are found in all habitats: in the ocean (whales and dolphins), in the trees (monkeys, bats,
and other arboreal mammals), and on the ground (like tigers, elephants, and rats). They also inhabit
a broad range of ecosystems: cold mountains (Yak), forests (Deer), deserts (Camels) and even the
sea (Dolphins and Whales).
MAMMALS

192. Biodiversity Field Guide I2016 I 195
The diversity of mammals also extends to food preferences: there are herbivores (which feed
exclusively on plants and plant parts, like deer), carnivores (that only eat other animal flesh, like
lions), and omnivores (that survive on both, like dogs and humans).
Humans obtain many benefits from their fellow mammals. Many mammals are a source of food,
either in terms of meat or in terms of their subsidiaries (milk, fats, etc.). Sheep, goats, and camels
provide fibre while cattle provide leather.
Tiger
MAMMALS
MAMMALS

193. 196IBiodiversity Field Guide I2016
S.NoFamily Scientific Common Telugu/ Name
Name Name Hindi Name
1 Bovidae Antilope cervicapra Blackbuck Krishna Jinka
2" Bos gaurus Indian Bison Gaur
3 Boselaphus Nilgai Manapothu
" tragocamelus
4 Tetracerus Four-horned Kond Gorre
" quadricornis Antelope
5" Gazella bennettii Chinkara Gaddi Jinka
6 Canidae Canis aureus Golden Jackal Nakka
7" Canis lupus Wolf Todelu
8" Vulpes bengalensis Indian Fox Gunta Nakka
9 Cercopithecidae Macaca mulatta Rhesus Macaque Kothi
(Erra-muthiKothi)
10 " Macaca radiata Bonnet Macaque Kothi
11 Semnopithecus Hanuman Langur Kondamucchu
" entellus
12 Cervidae Axis axis Spotted Deer/ Jinka
Chital
13 " Rusa unicolor Sambar Kadathi
14 Felidae Felis chaus Jungle Cat Jangam Pilli
15 " Panthera pardus Leopard Chirutha Pulli
16 " Panthera tigris Tiger Pedda Pulli
17 Herpestidae Herpestes Common Mungisa
edwardsii Mongoose
18 " Herpestes smithii Ruddy Mongoose Yerra Mungisa
19 Hystricidae Hystrix indica Indian Porcupine Mulla Pandi
20 Leporidae Lepus nigricollis Black-naped Hare Kundelu
21 Manidae Manis crassicaudata Indian Pangolin Alwa
22 Muridae Bandicota Lesser Pandi Kokku
bengalensis Bandicoot Rat
23 " Mus musculus House Mouse Chitti Yeluka
24 " Rattus rattus House Rat Yeluka
25 " Millardia meltada Soft-furred Metad Baraka Yeluka
26 " Tatera indica Indian Gerbil Jinka Yeluka
27 Pteropodidae Pteropus giganteus Indian Flying Fox Gabbilam
28 Sciuridae Funambulus Three-striped Mudu-
palmarum Palm Squirrel charala Udutha
29 Sciuridae Funambulus Five-striped Eidu-charala
pennantii Palm Squirrel Udutha
30 Soricidae Suncus murinus Asian House ShrewChuncheluka
31 Suidae Sus scrofacristatus Indian Wild Boar Adavi Pandi
MAMMALS

194. Biodiversity Field Guide I2016 I 197
Antilope cervicapra
(Blackbuck)
Axis axis
(Spotted Deer/Chital)
Bos gaurus
(Indian Bison)
Boselaphus tragocamelus
(Nilgai/Blue Bull)
Canis aureus
(Golden Jackal)
Cuon alpinus
(Indian Wild Dog)
Elephas maximus indicus
(Indian Elephant)
Felis chaus
(Jungle Cat)
Funambulus pennantii
(Five-striped Palm Squirrel)
MAMMALS

195. 198IBiodiversity Field Guide I2016
MAMMALS
Funambulus palmarum
(Three-striped Palm
Squirrel)
Herpestes edwardsii
(Common Mongoose)
Hystrix indica
(Indian Porcupine)
Lepus nigricollis
(Black-naped Hare)
Lutrogale perspicillata
(Indian Smooth-coated
Otter)
Macaca mulatta
(Rhesus Macaque)
Macaca radiata
(Bonnet Macaque)
Melursus ursinus
(Sloth Bear)
Panthera pardus
(Leopard)

196. Prionailurus viverrinus
(Fishing Cat)
Pteropus giganteus
(Indian Flying Fox)
Ratufa Indica
(Indian Giant Squirrel)
Rusa unicolor
(Sambar)
Semnopithecus entellus
(Tuffed Grey Langur/
Hanuman Langur)
Sus scrofacristatus
(Indian Wild Boar)
Biodiversity Field Guide I2016 I 199
MAMMALS
Slender loris

197. 200IBiodiversity Field Guide I2016
LIVESTOCK
Ongole bull
LIVESTOCK

198. Biodiversity Field Guide I2016 I 201
LIVESTOCK
Domesticated mammals
D
omesticated mammals have long lived under the care of humans, providing food, fibre
and nourishment to them in exchange for being taken care of. These mammals have
undergone generations of interbreeding at the hands of humans, in an effort to create
superior breeds to provide better services to human society. Some of these breeds have great
value for money due to the quality of goods and services they produce.
S.NoCategory Breed Name Telugu Name Special Value
1 Cat (Felis catus) Cat Pilli -
2 Cattle - Buffalo Godavari Buffalo Gedhe -
(Bos bubalis)
3 Murrah Buffalo - Milk
4 Cattle - Cow Gir Deoni - Milk
(Bos indicus)
5 Hallikar - Vehicular
6 Kangayam - Agriculture
7 Ongole Ongole Gitta Beef Production
8 Punganoor - Endangered
9 Red Kandhari --
10Dog(Canis familirias) Pandikona Dog Pandikona Kukka -
11Donkey Indian Ass Breeds Gadida -
(Equus africanus asinus)
12Goats (Capra hircus) Mahaboob- Mahaboob -
nagar Goat nagar Meka
13 Osmanabadi Goat Osmanabadi Meka Meat Production
14Pigs (Sus domesticus) Katakam Pig Katakam Pandi -
15 Warangal Pig Warangal Pandi -
16Sheep (Ovis aries) Bellary Sheep Bellary Gorre -
17Deccani Sheep Deccani Gorre Blanket Manufacture
18 Mahaboob Mahaboob -
nagar Sheep nagar Gorre
19 Nellore Sheep: Dora Dora Gorre -
20 Nellore Sheep: JodipiJodipi Gorre -
21 Nellore Sheep: Palla Palla Gore -
22 Vizianagaram Sheep Vizianagaram Gorre -

199. 202IBiodiversity Field Guide I2016
LIVESTOCK
Cat
(Pilli)
Godavari Buffalo Murrah Buffalo
Girdeoni Hallikar Kangayam
Ongole Bull
(Ongole Gitta)
Punganoor Cow Red Kandhari

200. Biodiversity Field Guide I2016 I 203
LIVESTOCK
Pandikona Dog
(Pandikona Kukka)
Mahaboobnagar Goat
(Mahaboobnagar Meka)
Osmanbadi Goat
(Osmanbadi Meka)
Bellary Sheep
(Bellary Gorre)
Deccani Sheep
(Deccani Gorre)
Mahaboobnagar Sheep
(Mahaboobnagar Gorre)
Dora
(Dora Gorre)
Jodipi
(Jodipi Gorre)
Nellore Sheep: Palla
(Palla Gorre)

201. 204IBiodiversity Field Guide I2016
ENDEMIC PLANTS
ENDEMIC VASCULARPLANTS OF
ANDHRA PRADESH
S.No.Scientific Name Family HabitLevel of Conservation
EndemismStatus
1. Albizia thompsonii Brandis Leguminosae- Tree E. Ghats -
Mimosoideae
2. Alysicarpus monilifer (L.) DC. Leguminosae- Herb A.P -
var. cuddapahensis Almeida & Almeida Faboideae
3. Andrographis beddomei C.B.Clarke Acanthaceae Herb A.P CR
4. Andrographis nallamalayana J.L.Ellis Acanthaceae Herb A.P EN
5. Argyreia arakuensis N.P.Balakr. Convolvulaceae ClimberA.P CR
6 Argyreia srinivasanii Convolvulaceae ClimberA.P CR
Subba Rao & Kumari
7 Arundinella setosa Trin. Poaceae Herb A.P -
var. lanifera Fischer
8 Boswellia ovalifoliolata Burseraceae Tree A.P EN
N.P. Balakr. & A.N. Henry
9 Brachystelma annamacharye Apocynaceae- Herb A.P -
Prasad et al. Asclepiadoideae
10 Brachystelma glabrum Hook.f. Apocynaceae- Herb A.P CR
Asclepiadoideae
11 Brachystelma nallamalayana Apocynaceae- Herb A.P -
Prasad & B.R.P. Rao Asclepiadoideae
12 Brachystelma penchalakonense Apocynaceae- Herb A.P -
Rasingam et al. Asclepiadoideae
13 Brachystelma pullaihii Apocynaceae- Herb A.P -
B.R.P. Rao et al. Asclepiadoideae
14 Brachystelma volubile Hook.f. Apocynaceae- Herb A.P CR
Asclepiadoideae
15 Bupleurum andhricum Apiaceae Herb E. Ghats -
M.P.Nayar & R.N.Banerjee
16 Cajanus cajanifolius (Haines) Leguminosae- Herb E. GhatsVU
Maesen (= Atylosia cajanifolia) Faboideae
17 Caralluma indica Apocynaceae Herb E. Ghats -
(Wight & Arn.) N.E.Br.
18 Ceropegia pullaiahii Apocynaceae- Herb A.P CR
Kullayiswamy et al. Asclepiadoideae
19 Chrysopogon velutinus (Hook.f.) Bor Poaceae Herb A.P CR
20 Cleome viscosa var. Cleomaceae Herb A.P -
nagarjunakondensis Sundararagh.
21 Croton scabiosus Bedd. Euphorbiaceae Tree A.P VU
22 Cycas beddomei Dyer Cycadaceae Arbo-A.P EN
rescent

202. Biodiversity Field Guide I2016 I 205
S.No.Scientific Name Family HabitLevel of Conservation
EndemismStatus
23 Cycas sphaerica Roxb. Cycadaceae Arbore-E. GhatsEN
scent
24 Decalepis hamiltonii Wight & Arn. Apocynaceae- ClimberE. GhatsEN
Periplocoideae
25 Decaschistia cuddapahensis Malvaceae ShrubE. Ghats -
T.K.Paul & M.P.Nayar
26 Decaschistia rufa Craib Malvaceae ShrubE. Ghats -
27 Dicliptera beddomei C.B.Clarke Acanthaceae Herb A.P CR
28 Dimorphocalyx kurnoolensis Euphorbiaceae Tree A.P CR
R.Venkatar. & Pullaiah
29 Eriolaena lushingtonii Dunn Malvaceae- Tree E. Ghats -
Dombeyoideae
30 Euphorbia deccanensis Euphorbiaceae Herb A.P EN
var. nallamalayana(J.L.Ellis)
V.S.Raju (= Chamaesyce linearifolia
var. nallamalayana(J.L.Ellis)
V.S.Raju & P.N.Rao)
31 Euphorbia kadapensis Euphorbiaceae Herb A.P CR
Sarojini Devi & R.R.V. Raju
32 Euphorbia linearifolia Roth Euphorbiaceae Herb A.P CR
var. nallamalayana Ellis
33 Euphorbia senguptae Euphorbiaceae Herb A.P -
N.P.Balakr. & Subr. (= Chamaesyce
senguptae(N.P.Balakr. & Subr.)
V.S.Raju & P.N.Rao)
34 Glochidion thirupathiense Phyllanthaceae Tree A.P -
Rasingam et al.
35 Hildegardia populifolia Schott & Endl.Malvaceae- Tree E. GhatsVU
Sterculioideae
36 Indigofera trifoliata L. (= I. barberi) Leguminosae- Herb E. Ghats -
Faboideae
37 Iseilema venkateswarlui Satyavathi Poaceae Herb A.P CR
38 Kalanchoe cherukondensis Crassulaceae Herb A.P CR
Subba Rao & Kumari
39 Lasianthus verticillatus (Lour.) Rubiaceae ShrubE. Ghats -
Merr. (= L. truncatus)
40 Lasiococca comberi Haines Euphorbiaceae Tree E. GhatsEN
41 Leucas diffusa Benth. Lamiaceae Herb E. Ghats
42 Leucas indicavar.nagalapuramiana Lamiaceae Herb A.P CR
(Chandrab. & Sriniv.) D.A. Moulali &
T. Pullaiah
43 Leucas mollissima Wall. Lamiaceae Herb A.P CR
var. mukherjiana Subba Rao &
Kumari
ENDEMIC PLANTS

203. 206IBiodiversity Field Guide I2016
ENDEMIC PLANTS
S.No.Scientific Name Family HabitLevel of Conservation
EndemismStatus
44 Leucas mollissima Wall. Lamiaceae CR
var. sebastiana Subba Rao & Kumari
45 Leucas mukerjiana Lamiaceae Herb A.P CR
Subba Rao & Kumari
46 Maytenus bailadillana (V.Naray. & Celastraceae ShrubE. Ghats-
Mooney) D.C.S.Raju & Babu
47 Memecylon jadhavii K.N.Reddy, Melastomataceae Tree A.P -
C.S.Reddy & V.S.Raju
48 Memecylon madgolense Gamble Melastomataceae Tree A.P -
49 Nilgirianthus circarensis Acanthaceae ShrubE. Ghats -
(Gamble) Bremek.
50 Ophiorrhiza chandrasekharanii Rubiaceae Herb A.P -
Subba Rao & Kumari
51 Oropetium roxburghianum Poaceae Herb A.P -
(Schult.) S.M.Phillips
52 Panicum fischeri Bor Poaceae Herb A.P -
53 Pavetta madrassica Bremek. Rubiaceae ShrubE. Ghats -
54 Pentanema indicum (L.) Ling Compositae Herb A.P CR
var. sivarajanianum C.Raju & R.Raju
55 Phlebophyllum jeyporense Acanthaceae ShrubE. Ghats -
(Bedd.) Bremek.
56 Phyllanthus narayanswamii Gamble Phyllanthaceae ShrubA.P EN
57 Pimpinella tirupatiensis Apiaceae Herb A.P EN
N.P.Balakr. & Subram.
58 Polycarpaea corymbosa Caryophyllaceae Herb A.P -
var. longipetala Srinivas. & Narasimh.
59 Premna hamiltonii Verbenaceae Tree E. Ghats -
(Buch.-Ham.) J.L. Ellis
60 Pterocarpus santalinus L.f. Leguminosae- Tree E. GhatsEN
Faboideae
61 Rhynchosia beddomeiBaker Leguminosae-F. Herb E. Ghats -
62 Rhynchosia ravii Prasad & Leguminosae- Herb A.P -
Narayanaswamy Faboideae
63 Rostellularia vahlii Acanthaceae Herb A.P CR
var. rupicola J.L.Ellis
64 Shorea tumbuggaia Roxb. Dipterocarpaceae Tree E. GhatsVU
65 Syzygium alternifolium (Wight) Walp.Myrtaceae Tree A.P -
66 Terminalia pallida Brandis Combretaceae Tree A.P VU
67 Toxocarpus roxburghii Wight & Arn. Apocynaceae ClimberA.P EN
68 Tripogon tirumalae Chorge et al. Poaceae Herb A.P -
69 Wendlandia gambleiCowan Rubiaceae Tree E. Ghats-

204. Biodiversity Field Guide I2016 I 207
ENDEMIC PLANTS
Albizia thompsonii
(Kandala)
Boswellia ovalifoliolata
(Kondasambrani)
Brachystelma pullaiahii
Croton scabiosus
(verrichilla)
Cycas beddomei
(Perritha)
Decaschistia cuddapahensis
Hildegardia populifolia
(Galibudaga)
Pterocarpus santalinus
(Errachandanam)
Shorea tumbuggaia
(Tambajalari)

205. Mammals
S.NoScientific Name Common Name Family IUCN Red list status
1 Pelecanus philippensis Spot-billed Pelican Pelecanidae Near Threatened
2 Leptoptilos javanicus Lesser Adjutant Ciconiidae Vulnerable
3 Aquila clanga Greater Spotted Eagle Accipitridae Vulnerable
4 Rynchops albicollis Indian Skimmer Rynchopidae Vulnerable
5 Pycnonotus xantholaemus Yellow-throated BulbulPycnonotidae Vulnerable
6 Anhinga melanogaster Darter Anhingidae Near Threatened
7 Mycteria leucocephala Painted Stork Ciconiiformes Near Threatened
8 Threskiornis melanocephalaOriental White Ibis Threskiornithidae-
9 Aythya nyroca Ferruginous Pochard Anatidae Near Threatened
10 Ichthyophaga ichthyaetus Greater Grey headed Accipitridae -
Fish Eagle
11 Circus macrourus Pallid Harrier Accipitridae Near Threatened
12 Sterna acuticauda Black-bellied Tern Sternidae Endangered
13 Gyps bengalensis Oreintal White- Accipitridae Critically
backed vulture Endangered
14 Gyps indicus Long-billed Vulture Accipitridae Critically
Endangered
15 Rhinoptilus bitorquatus Jerdon’s Courser Glareolidae Critically
Endangered
16 Ardeotis nigriceps Great Indian Bustard Otididae Critically
Endangered
17 Sypheotides indica Lesser Florican Otididae Endangered
208IBiodiversity Field Guide I2016
THREATENED FAUNA
THREATENED FAUNA OF ANDHRA PRADESH
S.NoScientific Name Common Name Family IUCN Red list status
1 Cuon alpinus dukunensis Indian wild dog Canidae -
2 Felis chaus Jungle cat, Reed cat Felidae Least Concern
3 Peponocephala electra Melon-headed whale Delphinidae Least Concern
4 Hipposideros schistaceus Indian Leaf nosed Bat HipposideridaeLeast Concern
Indian round leaf Bat
5 Canis lupus pallipes Indian wolf Canidae -
6 Melursus ursinus ursinus Sloth bear Ursidae -
7 Mellivora capensis Honey badger Mustelidae Least Concern
8 Panthera pardus Leopard Felidae Near Threatened
9 Panthera tigris Tiger Felidae Endangered
10 Loris tardigradus Slender loris Lorisidae Endangered
Birds

206. S.NoScientific Name Common Name Family IUCN Red list status
1 Thynnichthys sandkhol Sandkhol Carp Cyprinidae Endangered
2 Osteobrama neilli Nilgiri Osteobrama Cyprinidae Least Concern
3 Rohtee ogilbii Vatani rohtee Cyprinidae Least Concern
4 Barbodes bovanicus Bovany Bard Cyprinidae Critically
Endangered
5 Hypselobarbus dobsoni Krishna carp Cyprinidae Data Deficient
6 Hypselobarbus jerdoni Jerdon's carp Cyprinidae Least Concern
7 Lepidopygopsis typus Peninsular hill trout Cyprinidae Endangered
Periyar trout
8 Labeo porcellus Bombay labeo Cyprinidae Least concern
9 Labeo potail Deccan labeo Cyprinidae Endangered
10 Labeo pangusia Pangusia labeo Cyprinidae Near Threatened
11 Pangusia pangusia Cat fish Pangasiidae -
12 Polydactylus heptadactylus - Polynemidae -
Biodiversity Field Guide I2016 I 209
THREATENED FAUNA
S.NoScientific Name Common Name Family IUCN Red list status
1.Aspideretes leithi Leith Soft shell Turtle Trionychidae Not assessed
2.Crocodylus palustris Crocodile Crocodylidae Vulnerable
Reptiles
Fish
Panthera pardus