A Picture from the Indo European Family Tree Language

Indo European Family Tree Language

1. PRESENTATION ON
THE
INDO-EUROPEAN
FAMILY OF LANGUAGES

2. The most widely studied language
family
More than half of the world's
population speak one or more of these
languages.
The term Indo-European was
previously coined as Aryan, and later on
Indo Germanic.

3. Members of The Indo-European Family of Languages
Note: Two other branches of Indo-European family Hittieand
Tocharianare now extinct. These are not shown in the above
diagram.

4. Armenian
Found in a small area south of the Caucasus
Mountains and the eastern end of the Black Sea.
Entrance, between the eighth and sixth centuries
B.C.
Influences of some consonant shifting
Lack of grammatical gender
No link with any other Indo European
languages.

5. The Phrygians
Limitations
Its rising
Armenian literature
Persian domination
Other languages in vocabulary.

6. Iranian
Covers the Northwest of India and the great
plateau of Iran.
Linked with the Indian branch.
Expansion of the language carried as remote as
southern Russia and central China.
Influence of Semitic languages
Iranian
Avestan Persian

7. Pahlavi a later form
Pahlavi to Persian, Farsi
Persian vocabulary
Other languages and dialects
Literature

8. Balto-Slavic
Balto-Slavic
Baltic
Slavic
Baltic
PrussianLatvianLithuanian
Slavic
East
Slavic
West
Slavic
South
Slavic

9. Bible and certain liturgical texts represents the
Slavic language
East Slavic includes Russian, Belorussian,
Ukrainian
West Slavic includes Polish, Czech, Slovak, Sorbian
South Slavic includes Bulgarian, Serbo-Croatian,
Slovene, and Modern Macedonia.

10. Hittie
The oldest recorded branch
The term taken from the translation of
the Hebrew Bible
Records are on clay tablet
The Hittites were ancient Anatolian
people

11. Gothic, is the principal language of East Germanic.
Burgundian and Vandalic.
North Germanic is found in Scandinavia, Denmark,
Iceland and the Faroe Islands.
Germanic
East Germanic North Germanic
West Germanic
Germanic

12. WestGermanic
HighGerman Low German
Middle, Rhenish, East Franconian Bavarian and
Alemannic dialects of HighGerman
Old Saxon, Old Low Franconian, Old Frisian and
Old English.
Old Frisian and Old English constitute Anglo-Frisian
Old Low Franconian, with some mixture of Frisian
and Saxon constitute Dutch and Flemish.

13. Vedas
The use of Sanskrit
extended afterward
Panini and the transition
of Vedic Sanskrit
Two epics, the Mahabharatha
and the Ramayana
Prakrits and Pali
Hindi, Urdu, Bengali, Punjabi and Marathi
descendents of dialects
Indian

14. Hellenic
Geographical position
Five dialectal groups
Attic the mostly studied dialect
Place of greats’ assemblage
Attic, base of Koine
Local differentiation of Koine and Modern Greek.

15. Albanian
Modern remnant of Illyrian
Vocabulary is mixed
Slowly recognized
Formerly classed with Hellenic group
Now independent recognition

16. Added in the Indo-European language family in
the 20th century.
Some fragmentary texts discovered
Chinese king of seventh century.
Belongs to the Indo-European family along with
the Hellenic, Italic, Germanic and Celtic groups.
Tocharian

17. Italic Branch
Derived from Latin
Settlements from different parts of the world.
Etruscan, Lingurian, Venetic, Messapian and Greek,
spoken earlier.
Latin gradually getting dominant.
Latin declined
Italic
LatinUmbrian Oscan
Italic

19. French, Spanish, Portuguese, Italic, prominent
Romance language
Romanian, Catalon, Galician, Rhaeto-Romanic,
Wallon-minor Romanian

20. Celtic
Language of the Celts in Gaul is known as Gallic
Goidelic or Gaelic Celts
Brythonic Celts
Cornish became extinct in the eighteenth century
Manx has died out since World War II
Gaelic is found in the Highlands and spoken by
75,000 people.

21. Gaelic is found in the Highlands and spoken by
75,000 people.
Welsh is spoken about one-quarter of the people
Irish

22. THANKYOU