A presentation on obstacle avoiding robot

It is a presentation on obstacle avoiding robot.

2. GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC CHAPRA
MARHOWRAH , CHAPRA

OBSTACLE AVOIDING ROBOT
A MAJOR PROJECT PRESENTATION SUBMITTED IN THE PARTIAL
FULFILLMENT OF MAJOR PROJECT TERM WORK
CONTUINED…..
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONIC ENGINNERING

3. TEAM MEMBER’S
•ANKIT KANT : 511132120014
•UTSAV KUMAR TIWARI : 511132120025
•VIKAS KUMAR : 511132120037
•ANAND KUMAR SINGH : 511132120010
•KUMAR RAVI : 511132120015
•ANANYA KUMARI : 511132120013
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF
•MR. OM PRAKASH ADITYA (H. O. D)
•MR. SUNISH CHANDRA (ASST. PROFESSOR )
•MR. ATYAB ALAM (PROFESSOR)

BY

4. CERTIFICATE
It is certified that the work contained in these titled “OBSTACLE
AVOIDING ROBOT” by ANKIT KANT (14/EC/20), UTSAV KUMAR TIWARI
(25/EC/20), VIKAS KUMAR (37/EC/20), ANAND KUMAR SINGH
(10/EC/20), KUMAR RAVI (15/EC/20), ANANYA KUMARI (13/EC/20) has
been carried out in my supervision.
PLACE : GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC CHAPRA
DATE : 06/02/2023
Head of the Department Major project Co-ordinator Project Supervisor

5. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We feel great pleasure to acknowledge all those involved in the process of our
education and research. In the first place we would like to record our deep and
sincere gratitude to our Incharge, Mr .Sunish Chandra and Mr .Atyab Alam for
his supervision, advice, guidance, and crucial contribution, which made him a
backbone of this project. His understanding encouraging and personal guidance
have provided a good basis for the present project his involvement with his
originality has triggered and nourished our intellectual maturity that we will benefit
from, for a long time to come we wish to express our gratitude towards our all
teacher, who helped us throughout our course work. We extend our
acknowledgement to our lab mates, lab staff; who are directly or indirectly
involved in carrying out the project work.
PLACE : GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC CHAPRA
ANKIT KANT : 511132120014
UTSAV KUMAR TIWARI : 511132120025
VIKASH KUMAR : 511132120037
ANAND KUMAR SINGH : 511132120010
KUMAR RAVI : 511132120015
ANANYA KUMARI : 511132120013

6. CONTENTS
1.CERTIFICATE
2.ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
3.CONTENTS
4.ABSTRACT
5.LITETATURE SURVEY
5.1. WHAT OURS PROJECT IS ABOUT
5.2. WHY WE HAVE CHOOSE ROBOT/SMARTCAR
6.PROBLEM DEFINITION
6.1. INTRODUCTION
6.2. PROBLEM ADDRESED
6.3. SOLUTION OFFERED
7. METHODOLOGY
7.1. MAIN COMPONENTS USED
7.2. FEATURES OF MAIN COMPONENTS
7.2.1. ARUDINO UNO
7.2.2. ULTRASONIC SENSOR
7.2.3. MOTOR SHIELDS
7.2.4. WRITING CODES
7.2.5. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
8. ACTION & PLAN

7. ABSTRACT
Trajectory planning is one of the most important pivotal point in pick and place
tasks done by robotic manipulators.in this work, we are going to presented a
robot, which is compact, autonomus and fully functional

This robot or smart car is built to sense any obstacles in the its path, to avoid it
and resume its running involving the pre-computation of an obstacle free path.
ULTRASONIC SENSOR we adapted to implement a real-time obstacle
avoidance system for wheeled robots, so that robot can continually detect
surrounding, avoid obstacles, and move toward the target area
This model has tremendous application in vacuum cleaner, avoiding
concealed path, parking system, assembling automobiles and in chemical
industries, in scientific exploration, emergency rescue and other isolated
environment.

We use an ARDUINO UNO with MOTOR SHIELD along with STEPPER
MOTOR to make the car, and for sensing we incorporate and ULTRASONIC
SENSORS which accurately and efficiently detects any obstacles in the smart
car path. The ARDUINO is coded such that the smart car moves backward
when an obstacles arises in the front of it with a maximum limit of 50cm in
ideal testing conditions.
CONTINUED………..

8. Throughout the construction of this model, we educated ourselves to the
ARDUINO coding language, motor shield functionality, and comprehensively,
with the working of an ultrasonic sensor and its features.

In conclusion, through this project, we aim to construct a model of a smart car
that is beneficial to the quotidian problems of the present generation

9. This project is basic stage of any automatic robot.
This ROBOT has sufficient intelligence to cover the maximum
area of provided space.
It has a ultrasonic sensor which are used to sense the obstacles
coming in between the path of ROBOT.
It will move in a particular direction and avoid the obstacle which
is coming in its path.
We have used two D.C motors to give motion to the ROBOT.
The construction of the ROBOT circuit is easy and small .
The electronics parts used in the ROBOT circuits are easily
available and cheap too.
WHAT OURS PROJECT IS ABOUT ?

10. WHY WE HAVE CHOOSE ROBOT/SMART CAR
Robotics is part of today’s communication.
In today’s world ROBOTICS is fast growing and interesting field.
It is simplest way for latest technology modification.
Now a days communication is part of advancement of technology,
so we decided to work on ROBOTICS field, and design something
which will make human life simpler in day today aspect.
Thus we are supporting this cause.

11. An obstacle avoiding robot is an intelligent device, which
can automatically sense and overcome obstacles on its
path.
Obstacle Avoidance is a robotic discipline with the objective
of moving vehicles on the basis of the sensorial information.
The use of these methods front to classic methods (path
planning) is a natural alternative when the scenario is
dynamic with an unpredictable behaviour.
In these cases, the surroundings do not remain invariable,
and thus the sensory information is used to detect the
changes consequently adapting moving.
It will automatically scan the surrounding for further path.
INTRODUCTION:- OBSTACLE AVOIDING ROBOT/CAR

12. Need for a robot that can perform trajectory planning effectively
Need for a system which can detect obstacles and move in a pre-
computed path
Need for the detection of obstacles that appear suddenly
Need to minimize human risk regarding the upper limit of a human eye
Need to assist the physically handicapped by incorporating cutting edge
technologies in wheelchairs
Need to address the need for upgrade from inaccurate sensors like CCD
cameras, CMOS image sensors, laser light pens, global positioning
systems, and so on
Need for advanced mapping devices during exploration of unknown
environments such as interplanetary exploration
PROBLEM ADDRESSED

13. Robot detects obstacles and avoids them in the trajectory
Robot uses an Ultrasonic Sensor which is capable of detecting
obstacles which may appear suddenly, for instance, an animal in
front of a wheelchair
Robot can operate in the environment without much interference
Robot can detect very minute details, which the human eye may
neglect
Robot can map various topographies and terrains

SOLUTIONS OFFERED

14. MAIN COMPONENT USED: -
1.ARDUINO UNO
2.ULTRASONIC SENSOR
3.MOTOR SHIELD

15. FEATURES OF THE COMPONENTS USED
ARDUINO UNO MICROCONTROLLER
•An Arduino is an open-source
microcontroller development board.
•The most common version of
Arduino is the Arduino Uno.
•It is relatively cheap, plugs straight
into a computer's USB port, and it
is simple to setup and use when
compared to other development
boards.

16. ULTRASONIC SENSOR
The Ultrasonic Sensor sends out a
high-frequency sound pulse and then
times how long it takes for the echo of
the sound to reflect back
The sensor has two openings on its
front.
Tiny speaker to transmit opening
ultrasonic waves
Microphone to receive the ultrasonic
waves
The ultrasonic sensor calculates
distances by - The speed of sound is
approximately 341 meters per second
in air.
The ultrasonic sensor uses this
information along with the time
difference between sending and
receiving the sound pulse to determine
the distance to an object.

17. Shields are the expansion adapter
boards that plug in over top of the
Arduino Uno and gives it special
functions.
Since the Arduino is open hardware,
anyone who has the inclination is free
to make an Arduino shield for whatever
task they wish to accomplish.
Hence, there are countless number of
Arduino shields available, out of which
the official ones are-
o Wireless SD Shield
o Ethernet Shield
o Motor Shield
SHIELDS

18. WRITING THE CODE
To write an Arduino sketch or a code, some basic knowledge about C and
Embedded C should be known. Some important things to look out for in an
Arduino code are –
o An Arduino program is called a sketch.
o All lines of code in an Arduino sketch is processed from top/bottom.
o Arduino sketches are typically broken into five parts –
1) HEADER
2) GLOBAL VARIABLES
3) SETUP ROUTINE
4) LOOP
5) FUNCTIONS

19. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

20. WORKING
•The robot is switched on by giving it 5V DC power from an external battery.
The motors starts rotating and thus the robot starts moving forward.
•During this time, the ultrasonic sensors continuously keep calculating the
distance between the robot and the reflective surface.
•This information gets processed by the ARDUINO.
•If the distance between the robot and the obstacle is less than the specified
value, the robot changes its path(moves towards the back).Here, we have
kept the minimum distance to be of 15cm.
•This process continues forever and the robot keeps moving without danger.

21. APPLICATIONS
•The modification of this logic code is used in vacuum cleaners.
•This robot can be used for avoiding concealed paths, such as an industrial
robot in a factory is expected to avoid workers so that it won’t hurt them
•It will be very useful in parking system.
•It can also be used in assembling automobiles and in chemical industries.
•If there is an obstacle in the root of the robot, it can detect and avoid it.
•Thus it can move without having damaged by any obstacle which makes it
more reliable
•They have great importance in scientific exploration and emergency rescue,
there may be places that are dangerous for humans or even impossible for
humans to reach directly, then we should use robots to help us gather
information to about their surrounding challenging environments.

22. FURTHER IMPLEMENTATIONS –
This technique can also be used as a vision belt for blind people by changing
the ultrasonic sensor by a kinetic sensor ,which is a type of microwave sensor
whose sensing range is very high and the output of this sensor vary in
according to the object position changes. This technique enables blind people
to navigate obstacles easily by placing three vibratos in left, right and the
centre of a belt named as Vision Belt.
On top of obstacle avoiding robot temperature/ pressure sensors can be
added to monitor the atmospheric conditions around. This is useful in places
where the environment is not suitable for humans. Same technology can be
used in various applications by modifying the program for example Line / Path
finder Robot , automatic vacuum cleaner etc.
They can be used as services robots, for the Low Cost Obstacle Avoidance
Robot, purpose of household work and so many other indoor applications.

23. OURS DEPARTMENTS
•ANKIT KANT : MECHANICAL DESIGN & PLANNING
•UTSAV KUMAR TIWARI : EMBEDDED ASSEMBLY & CODING
•VIKASH KUMAR : TESTING & FAULT FINDING
•ANAND KUMAR SINGH : HARDWARE ASSEMBLY
•KUMAR RAVI : CO-ORDINATE
•ANANYA KUMARI : CO-ORDINATE

24. CONCLUSION
•The goal of our project is to create a autonomous robot which intelligently
detects the obstacle in his path and navigate according to the actions we
set for it.
•The above Arduino controller and ultrasonic sensor were studied and the
HcSR-04 ultrasonic sensor was selected, as the controlling result are
satisfying for its use in the automobile prototype system bring developed.
•It was used to sense the obstacle and avoidance them.
•On successful implementation of obstacle avoidance algorithm was
successfully carried out too with minimal errors, by coding the algorithm in
python.
•Obstacle avoidance is a very good application to be used in vehicle
preventing many accidents and loss of life.

25. HOW OUR
PROJECT BE
LIKE

26. RADHE RADHE…..