A Presentation on Vitamin A Deficiency

Presentation slides shows the problems and health disorders due to Vitamin A deficiency, Sources, treatment and diagnostic method. Also about the factor affecting the utilization of Vitamin A.

1. A presentation on Vitamin-A Deficiency Prepared by : Anil Subedi Bedika Ghising Bhuwan Raj Bhatta Bibek Adhikari Bijaya Tiwari B.V.Sc & A.H 9 th Semester Paklihawa Campus, IAAS, TU , Nepal

2. Introduction: Vitamin A is a fat soluble vitamin that is also a powerful  antioxidant. Vitamin A is an essential nutrient requirement for vital functions in man and animals. Vitamin A plays a critical role in maintaining healthy vision, neurological function, healthy skin, and more.

3. Prolonged inadequate intake of Vitamin causes the apparent signs like Anorexia Weight loss Keratinization Reduced secretion from mucus secreting glands N ervous disorder Reproductive inefficiency Impairment of visions Reduced resistance to infection and ultimate death.

4. Sources: Vitamin A is found in two primary forms: active Vitamin A and beta carotene . Some of the best sources of Vitamin A include eggs, milk, liver, carrots, yellow or orange vegetables such as squash, spinach, and other leafy green vegetables.

5. Factors affecting the utilization of Vitamin-A Environmental temperature Ration Inclement weather Hypothyroidism Hypophosphatemia Cathartic drug (paraffin) Nitrate and Nitrites Disease Carotinase Vitamin E

6. Deficiency: Poor g rowth: Essential for growth of tissue. Deficient diet causes poor appetite and emaciation in growing animals.

7. 2. Vision: There is impairment of vision. Change in eye may be primary or secondary. A. Primary: a) Conjuctival Xerosis : Dryness, Loss of transparency, thickening, wrinkling, pigmentation, accumulation of debris. b) Biot’s spot: Appears as small silver grey raised plague of conjunctiva. c) Corneal xerosis : Cornea turn hazy due to cellular infiltration and assume bluish milky appearance. d) Corneal ulceration: There is denudation of epithelial surface. e) Keratomalacia : Softening of cornea due to coagulative necrosis.

8. B) Secondary: a) Night blindness : Less supply of vitamin A to the rod cells of the retina causes an impairment of dark adaption. b) Xeropthalmia : Dry eye. c) Corneal Scar: Healed of corneal ulcer, keratomalacia may be taken over as scar.

9. 3. Compression of brain 4. Neurological disorder: Incoordination and paralysis of skeletal muscles. 5. Bone formation : Decrease osteoblastic activity and poor osteogenesis 6. Degenerative changes in alimentary, respiratory and urinary tract epithelium. 7. Reproduction: Degenerative changes in testis leading to impairment of spermatogenesis, oogenesis in female is also impaired. Reproduction failure in both sex.

10. Diagnosis: a) History of diet b) Clinical signs c) Plasma and liver vitamin level can be determined by Ultraviolet absorption spectrophotometry Fluorimetry Colorimetry

11. Treatment: Should be given high doses of Vitamin parenterally .

12. Thank You!!!