A] SEDATIVE AND HYPNOTICS B] DRUGS USED TO TREAT ANXIETY C] DEPRESSION D] PHYCOSIS E] MANIA.pptx

A] SEDATIVE AND HYPNOTICS
B] DRUGS USED TO TREAT ANXIETY
C] DEPRESSION
D] PHYCOSIS
E] MANIA

1. PRESENTED BY ANSARI AASHIF RAZA MOHD IMTIYAZ (I year M.PHARM) DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOLOGY TOPIC:- A] SEDATIVE AND HYPNOTICS B] DRUGS USED TO TREAT ANXIETY C] DEPRESSION D] PHYCOSIS E] MANIA

2. INTRODUCTION SEDATIVE : sedative which cause calming effect and reduce excitement without inducing sleep. HYPNOTICS : hypnotics causes sleep which resembles = natural sleep Classification of sleep; NREM: non rapid eye movement ‘[it consists 4 stages ]’ REM: rapid eye movement

3. Stages of NREM Sleep:: Stage 0 : from lying to fall sleep Stage 1 : a]eye movement decreases , b] body muscle relaxes 5-10% of total sleep Stage 2: a]more decrease in eye movement b] person may arousable [50%] Stage 3: deeper sleep with minimum eye movement Stage 4: a]deepest level of sleep b]growth hormone secretion is highest c]no eye movement d] if awakened disorientation for 1-2 minutes REM Sleep It is associated with dreaming Enhanced heart rate , breathing and brain activity Relaxation of voluntary muscle

4. INSOMNIA Primary 1 O secondary 2 O

5. BARBITURATE It is well absorbed after oral administration and distribute throughout the body Distribution and duration of action determined by lipid solubility . At low dose , produce sedation At higher dose, cause hypnosis , followed by anesthesia [loss of feelings or sensation] and finally coma and death.

6. ACTION OF BARBITURATES CNS: a]sedation and hypnosis b] reduce anxiety c] produce euphoria d] hyperalgesia– increase sensitivity to pain e] anaethesia [in high dose] f] anti convulsant effect . Respiratory: a]respiratory depression b] respiratory paralysis [high dose ] Cardiovascular :a] slight reduction in blood pressure + heart rate [at high dose ] Skeletal muscle : a] muscle relaxant b]decrease excitability at neuromuscular junction

7. TREATMENT Activated charcoal Haemodialysis Artificial ventilation Gastric lavage Forced alkaline diuresis

8. DRUG USED TO TREAT ANXIETY

9. ANTI DEPRESANTS

10. MECHANISM