A stages of urban developement model.pptx

A stages of the urban development model basically deals with the changes in the direction and rate of population movement between urban core and urban ring.

1. A ‘STAGES OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT’ MODEL Presented by Riya Debnath,3 rd semester

2. The concept of a cycle of urbanization has also been employed by Klaasssen et al. (1981) and Van den Berg et. al. to study the growth patterns within individual urban agglomeration. The model is based on changes in the direction and the rate of population movement between urban core and urban ring (which together comprises a functionally related daily urban system).

3. STAGES OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT Urbanization: the increase in the proportion of people living in towns and cities. Suburbanization: Urban areas spread outwards as railway lines allowed people to live further away from work. Counter urbanization: people have left urban areas to move smaller settlements outside the city. Re-urbanization: people have begun to return to urban areas to move to smaller settlements outside the city.

4. Example

5. Absolute shifts when the directions of population change in the two zones differ Relative shifts when changes occurs in the same direction but at different rates

6. 1 st Stage: Urbanization

7. Causes of Urbanization Industrial Revolution and Industrialization Emerging of large manufacturing centers Job opportunities Aviability of transport Variety of entertainment Modernization Economic opportunities Migratio n

8. 2 nd Stage: Suburbanization

9. Causes of Suburbanization High land value taxes in core area Abundant space Cheap land Rapid growth of urban population Rising of Disposable income Decentralization of manufacturing Lower taxes Development of interstate highway network

10. Effects of Suburbanization Positive effect: 1.Increase of transport communication 2.Population growth 3.Development of cities or towns 4. Construction of building like Shopping mall, Schools etc. 5.Job opportunities Negative effect: 1.Draws of employment and population away forms the urban core 2.Increased consumption of automobiles 3.Ecosystem degraded 4.Declinig services 5.Falling property values

11. 3 rd Stage: Counter urbanization In winter season the smog is Spread all over Delhi region and that’s why in this time people shifted towards the rural region because of health.

12. Causes of Counter urbanization Push factors Pull factors 1.Noise pollution 2.Higher crime rates 3.Over crowding 4.Parking shortage 5.Lack of open space and parks 6.Lack of agricultural land 7.Old housing etc. 1.Less pollution 2.Lower crime rates 3.Safety for children (roads etc.) 4.ICT and internet impact 5.Efficient and cheap cost of land 6.Pleasant scenery.

13. Effects of Counter urbanization   House prices increase locals young people cannot afford to buy property in areas they grew up loss of traditional buildings Middle class immigrants social structure changes local resentment caused Lack of appreciation of traditional customs of village life by newcomers change in community spirit Dormitory villages lose vitality and community spirit (very quiet during the day) Increase in population Increased traffic flow & dependence on car Loss of agricultural land Consequences of CounterUrbanisation .   Improvement in services – e.g. gas mains, cable TV, supports local schools Supports some local facilities (e.g. pub, builders etc.) although others may close Primary schools might flourish (or close) increase nursery provision Housing fabric improved new housing bar conversions Light industry may develop small hotels Negative Effects Positive Effects

14. 4 th Stage: Re-urbanization

15. Causes of Re-Urbanization The Population pressure and lack resources in rural areas so more people move to urban areas for a better living. The urban areas expanding faster so people are moving from the rural area to urban areas because there are more places to work. Also there are better health care in urban areas so it means more people are moving back to urban areas to get a healthy lifestyles.

16. Impacts of Re-Urbanization Positive effects: New shops, Services, boosting the economy New jobs are created due to Business Increase in Tourism in some areas Local State schools benefit from increased number of students Negative effects: Original resident cannot afford to their former housing and have to move away Tension between original and old resident Shops and services

17. Thank you