ABDOMINAL-HERNIA-2.pptx|ABDOMINAL HERNIA

Presentation on abdominal hernia including
Definition
Types
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Teretmen

1. ABDOMINAL HERNIA COMPILED AND PRESENTED BY: HAFIZA AQEEABA NASIR DEPARTMENT OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM; SURGICAL TECHNOLOGY ROLL NUMBER: 13/2022/070 DOW UNIVERSITY

2. Objectives In this presentation, I will provide a comprehensive overview of abdominal hernia, covering its definition, types, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and both conservative and surgical treatment approaches.

3. Introduction to Abdominal Hernia Abdominal hernias are a common medical condition where an organ or tissue protrudes through a weak spot or opening in the abdominal wall. This can cause discomfort, pain, and potentially serious complications if left untreated.

4. Definition and Types of Abdominal Hernia Definition An abdominal hernia occurs when an organ or fatty tissue protrudes through a weak spot or opening in the abdominal wall muscles. This can cause a visible bulge under the skin. Types of Hernias Common types of abdominal hernias include inguinal (in the groin), umbilical (around the navel), incisional (at the site of a previous abdominal surgery), and femoral (in the upper thigh). Inguinal Hernias Inguinal hernias are the most common type, occurring when intestine or fat protrudes through a weak spot in the abdominal wall in the groin area.

5. Causes and Risk Factors Weakened Abdominal Walls Abdominal hernias often occur due to weakened or damaged abdominal muscles and connective tissues, which can happen from aging, pregnancy, obesity, or previous surgery. Increased Abdominal Pressure Activities or conditions that put extra strain on the abdomen, like chronic coughing, constipation, or heavy lifting, can contribute to the development of a hernia. Genetics and Family History People with a family history of hernias have a higher risk, as the condition can be related to inherited weaknesses in the abdominal wall.

6. Symptoms and Diagnosis Common Symptoms Abdominal hernias often cause a visible bulge or lump in the abdomen, especially when coughing, straining, or standing . Patients may also experience pain , swelling, or a heavy sensation in the affected area. Medical Evaluation Diagnosis typically begins with a physical examination by a medical professional. They will visually inspect the abdomen and may conduct a series of maneuvers to evaluate the hernia. Additional imaging tests like CT scans or MRI may be ordered to confirm the diagnosis and assess the size and location of the hernia.

7. Conservative Treatment Options Observation For small, asymptomatic hernias, the doctor may recommend regular monitoring instead of immediate treatment. Pain Management Over-the-counter pain medications can help relieve discomfort associated with the hernia. Weight Loss For overweight individuals, losing weight can reduce pressure on the abdominal wall and potentially improve hernia symptoms.

8. Surgical Treatment Approaches 1 Open Hernia Repair This traditional approach involves making an incision in the abdomen to access and repair the hernia defect. It may use synthetic mesh to reinforce the weakened area. 2 Laparoscopic Hernia Repair A minimally invasive technique using small incisions and a camera to guide the repair. This often results in faster recovery times and less post-operative pain. 3 Robotic-Assisted Repair The surgeon uses a robotic system to perform the hernia repair with enhanced precision and visualization. This advanced approach can be helpful for complex or recurrent hernias.

9. Complications and Risks of Hernia Repair Infection There is a risk of surgical site infection following hernia repair. Proper sterile technique and antibiotic prophylaxis help minimize this complication. Bleeding Bleeding can occur during or after the procedure, though it is uncommon with modern surgical techniques. Careful monitoring and control of bleeding is essential. Nerve Damage Nerves near the surgical site may be inadvertently injured, leading to numbness, tingling or chronic pain. Surgeons take great care to identify and protect these nerves. Recurrence There is a risk of the hernia recurring, especially with large or complex defects. Proper repair technique and use of mesh can help reduce recurrence rates.

10. Recovery and Aftercare 1 Gradual Healing Hernia repair surgery involves stitching or reinforcing the abdominal wall. This necessitates a gradual recovery process over several weeks to allow the tissues to properly heal. 2 Physical Activity Restrictions Patients must avoid heavy lifting, strenuous exercise, and other intense physical activities for a period of time to prevent straining the repaired area. 3 Pain Management Prescription pain medications and over-the-counter options help manage discomfort during the initial recovery phase. Applying ice packs can also provide relief. 4 Follow-up Care Regular check-ups with the surgeon are essential to monitor healing progress and detect any potential complications early on.

11. Thank You