Abhraka.pptx

Abhraka - Maharasa

1. ABHRAKA Dr.Saranya Sasi MD(Ayu) Assistant Professor Dept.of RSBK SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum

2. Dravyas in this classification are potent with metals. They are used for processing parada and for therapeutic purposes In Rasa Hridaya Tantra, maharasa is termed as the drugs having the similar properties and action equivalent to parada MAHARASA

3. They are very important in Ashtadasha samskara and have a distinguished place than the drugs of uparasa and sadharana rasa So this group is entitles ad maharasa They have more capacity to increase the potency of parada and sadharana rasa These 8 drugs are superior in rasayana property They are having satva & obtained pure metal (+ ve ion) by doing satvapatana process.

4. अभ्रवैक्रान्तमाक्षीकविमलाद्रिजसस्यकम् । चपलो रसकश्चेति ज्ञात्वाऽष्टौ संग्रहेद्रसान् ॥ र​.र​.स 2/1

5. S.N Dravya Rasaratnasamuchaya 2/1 Rasahrudaya Tantra 9/4 Goraksha Samhita 2/20 1 Abhraka + _ + 2 Vaikranta + + + 3 Makshika + + + 4 Vimala + + + 5 Shilajatu + + + 6 Sayaka + + + 7 Chapala + _ + 8 Rasaka + + + 9 Kantaloha _ + _ 10 Hingula _ + _

6. ABHRAKA (BIOTITE MICA)

7. English – Mica Sanskrit – Abhraka Abhra,ambara Bengali – Abhraka Gujarati – Abhraka Hindi - Abhrak , Abarak Kannada – Abhraka VERNACULAR NAME Malayalam – Abhrakam Marathi – Abhraka Tamil – Abragam Karuppu Appirakam (S.F.I.), Telugu - Abbarakam

8. अभ्रकं गगनं भृङ्गमभ्रं खं व्योम्नामकम् । वज्रं घनञ्च गिरिजं बहुपत्रमनन्तकम् ॥ आकाशामम्बरं शुभ्रं त्वमलं गरजध्वजम् । मेघाख्यमन्तरीक्षञ्च तदेव परिकीर्तितम् ॥ (र त​ 10/1-2) ABHRAKA SYNONYMS

9. Name of the synonyms described in various Rasa texts are broadly divided into 1. According to Origin: Girija , Gouriteja , Girijavija etc. 2. Color & Shape: Ambara , Bahupatra , Subhra etc. 3. According to Action: Rasamula , Abhra etc.

10. Chemical formula : K( Mg,Fe ) 3 (Si 3 AlO 11 )(OH) 2 Chemical Name : Ferro-magnesium silicate Category : Phyllo – silicate Nature : Platy Colour : Most commonly in black & white also found in greenish black colour Crystal : Monoclinic Diaphaneity : Translucent MINERALOGICAL IDENTIFICATION

11. Fracture : Uneven Tenacity : Flexible Luster : Splendent Streak : Uncoloured Specific gravity : 2.6 to 3 Hardness : 2.5 to 3

12. S. No Chemical Present Percentage 1  Silica   20-30%  2  Alumina   33-37%   3  Ferric Oxide  30-35%  4  Calcium Oxide  10-15%  5  Potash  8 to 12%  6  Magnesia   5 to 6%  COMPOSITION

13. 7  Titanium dioxide   2 to 2.5%  8  Sodium oxide  NLT 0.5%  9  Phosphate   NLT 0.5%  10  Sulphur  NLT 0.5% 

14. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Mica group of sheet – silica minerals will be fragile, smooth and lustrous to look Out of many useful varieties, some will be considerably soft and flexible These sheets are insoluble in water and are bad conductors of heat and electricity Depending on the different chemical compositions, the micas are found in different colours ( Abhraka in classical ref. is identified on the basis of colour )

15. MICA CHEMICAL COMPOSITION CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION SANSKRIT NAMES BIOTITE (H,K) 2 ( Mg,Fe ) 2 ,( Al,Fe ) 2 (SiO 4 ) 3 Black mica or magnesium iron mica Krishna abhraka LEPIDOLITE KLi [Al(OHF) 2 ]Al(SiO 4 ) 3 Lithium or ruby mica Peeta abhraka MUSCOVITE H 2 KAl 3 (SiO4) 3 White or potash mica Shweta ahraka PHLOGOPITE HKMgF 3 Mg 3 Al(SiO 4 ) 3 Magnesium or amber mica Rakta abhraka PARAGONITE H 2 NaAl 3 (SiO 4 ) 3 White or sodium mica Shweta abhraka

16. OCCURENCE Mica is found about 70% from chota Nagpur platue of North Eastern peninsular belt. The other mica belts are ajmer , Bhilwara and tonk (Rajasthan), Kalichedu , thalpur , and Gudur (AP) & Koderma,giridih (Jharkhand) , Tamilnadu , Karnatka and Kerala Globally : Ontario Canada(Largest mine), Keralia (Russia)

17. देव्या रजो भवेद् गन्धो धातु : शुक्रं तथाऽभ्रकम् । (RRS 2/2)7 Gandhaka (Sulphur) is formed from menstrual fluid of goddess Parvathi abhraka is semen of brahma (or sukhra dhatu of the god) MYTHOLOGICAL ORIGIN

18. Ancient texts of ayurvedic pharmaceutics had mentioned mythological origin of many metals and minerals used in the manufacturing of ayurvedic drugs. Abhraka was supposed to have following origin 1. Abhraka is supposed to be the virya of ‘ Girija ’ (Parvati) which she used to discharge when excited. 2. Abhraka is supposed to have originated from the fire produced from Vajra (a weapon of Indra) while it was in operation during battle. It is said further that Abhraka was supposed to be distributed in the hilly areas which came into contact with the fire

19. HISTORY The first reference for ‘ Abhraka ’ can ne traced from ‘ Koutilya Arthashastra ’ belonging to 4 th Cent BC. The name of ‘ vajrabhraka ’ is found in this book in the context of ‘artificial gold preparation’. Its reference is also found in another book of 4 th century BC named ‘ Nyaayadarshana ’ written by ‘Acharya Goutama ’

20. In ‘ Amarakosha ’, which belongs to 6 th Century, the drug has been mentioned by the name ‘ Girijamala ’ & is specified for ‘ Dhatuvada ’ purpose The therapeutic utility ( Dehavada ), of abhraka is mentioned for the first time in ‘Ashtanga Hridaya ’. It is used as an ingredient in ‘ Kasisadi Taila ’ meant for external use in ‘ Arsha roga chikitsa ’

21. अभ्रं सितारुणश्यामपीत्तवर्णविभेदेत ​: । चतुर्विधं समाख्यातं कृष्णं तत्र गदापहम् ॥ (RT 10/3) SHWETA ABHRAKA RAKTAABHRAKA ( Arunaabhraka ) KRISHNAABHRA ( Shyamaabhra ) PITABHRA Out of all these KRISHNAABHRA is the one which is therapeutically more efficient TYPES

22. KRISHNAABHRAKA - 4 Varieties पिनाकनागमण्डूकवज्राह्वयविभेदत ​: । चतुर्विधन्तु कृष्णाभं मतं रसविशारदै : ॥ (R.T 10/4) Acc. to heat response and percentage of water present in cleavage of mica sheet, abhraka is divided into 4 types They are : Pinaka Naga Manduka Vajra

23. पीनाकं पावकोत्तप्तं विमुञ्चति दलोच्ययम् । तत्सेवितं मलं बंद्ध्वा मारयत्येव मानवम् ॥ नागाभ्रं नागवत्कुर्याद् ध्वनिं पावकसंस्थितम् । तद्भुक्तं कुरुते कुष्ठं मण्डलाख्यं न संशय ​: ॥ उत्प्लुत्योत्प्लुत्य मण्डूकं ध्मातं पतति चाभ्रकम् । तत्कुर्यादश्मरी रोगमसाध्यं शास्त्रतोऽन्यथा ॥ वज्राभं वह्निसन्तप्तं निर्मुक्ताशेषवैकृतम् । देहलोहकरं तच्च सर्वरोगहरं परम् ॥ (RRS 2/5 – 8)

24. Types of Abhraka Reaction on heat Effect Pinaka विमुञ्चति दलोञ्चयम् मलं बद्धा मारयत्येव मानवम् Naga नागवत् कुर्याद् ध्वनि मण्डल कुष्ठ Manduka उत्प्लुत्योत्प्लुत्य​ असाध्य अश्मरीरोग Vajra निर्मुक्ताशोषवैकृतम् देहलोहकरं व सर्वरोगहरं

25. स्निग्धं पृथुदलं वर्णसंयुक्तं भारतोऽधिकम् । सुखनिर्मोच्यपत्रं च तदभ्रं शस्तमीरितम् ॥ (RRS 2/11) नीलाञ्जजनोपमं स्निग्धं भारपूर्णं महोज्ज्वलम् । निर्मोच्यपत्रं मृदुलं त्वभ्रं श्रेष्ठमिहोच्यते ॥ (R.T 10/13) GRAAHYATA - SHRESHTA ABHRAKA PROPERTIES

26. The mica which is superior in quality should have following characteristics Smooth, thick, laminae different colour composite ,Heavy, Easily seperable layers, Neelanjana like bluish black colour , Shiny , soft

27. राजहस्तादधस्ताद् यत्समानीतं घनं खने : । भवेत् तदुक्तफलदं नि:सत्वं निष्फलं परम् ॥ (RRS 2/3) Abhraka having above properties if it is procured from a mine having a depth of 1 rajahastha (22”) and above that appropriate satva is not present in it ABHRAKA – CONVENTIONAL EXTRACTION METHOD

28. ABHRAKA QUALITY w.r.t ITS AVAILABILITY अभ्रकं हिमशैलोत्थमुत्तमं परिकीर्तितम् । मध्यमं पुर्वशैलोत्थं त्वधमं दक्षिणाद्रिजम् ॥ (RT 10/14) Abhraka obtained from the ores of ‘Himalayan range’ is considered to have best therapeutic value The one obtained from the mountains of eastern India is of medium qualities The one obtained from mountains of southern part is of low quality

29. अशुद्ध अभ्रक दोष​ बाधां विदध्याद्विविधां शरीरे ह्रत्पार्श्वपीडां तनुते नितान्तम् । शोफं क्षयं पाण्डु गन्दञ्च कुष्ठं त्वशोधिताभ्रं खलु मारितं यत् ॥ धान्याभ्रकरणे चैव मारणे सत्वपातने । रसतन्त्रविशेषज्ञ : शुद्धमभ्रं नियोजयेत् ॥ (RT 10/16-17)

30. प्रतप्तं सप्तवाराणि निक्षिप्तं काञ्जिके अभ्रकम् । निर्दोषं जायते नूनं प्रक्षिप्तं वाऽपि गोजले ॥ त्रिफलाक्वथिते चापि गवां दुग्धे विशेषत ​: । (RRS 2/16 -17) अभ्रक शोधन Grahya Krishna abhraka  held with sandamsha yantra  Nirvapa [Heated red hot  dipped in liquid media (Kanji/ Gomutra / Godugdha / triphala Kashaya)] × 7 times

31. पादांशशालि संयुक्तमभ्रकं कम्बलोदरे । त्रिरात्रं स्थापयेन्नीरे तत् क्लिन्नं मर्दयेद् दृढम् ॥ कम्बला द्गालितं श्लक्ष्णं बालुकारहितञ्च यत् । तद्धान्याभ्रमिति प्रोक्तमभ्रमारणसिद्धये ॥ ( R.Sa.San . 1/154) धान्याभ्रक

32. Shudha abhraka (1 p) + Shaali (1/4 th P)  Keep in a jute bag  pottali  Keep in kanji /water (for 3 night)  rub pottali strongly till minute particle of abhraka come out from pottali  DHANYABHRAKA

33. ABHRAKA MAARANA – PUTA SANKHYA विंशत्यादि : शतान्तस्तु पुटौ रोगनिवृत्तये । शतादिस्तु सहस्रान्त ​: प्रशस्तश्च रसायने ॥ (R.T 10/29) To cure all roga – subjected to 10 to maximum 100 puta For rasayana – 100 to maximum 1000 puta

34. ABHRAKA MAARANA गन्धर्वपत्रतोयेन गुडेन सह भावितम् । ऊर्ध्वाधो वटपत्राणि निश्चन्द्रं त्रिपुटै : खगम् ॥ (RRS 2/43) Shuddha abhraka  bhavana with eranda patra swarasa & guda  chakrika  vata patra  Puta × 3 times  nishchandra  abhraka bhasma

35. ABHRAKA BHASMA– CHARACTERISTIC (MRITABHRA LAKSHANA) निश्चन्द्रञ्चरुणं स्वच्छं सुसूक्ष्मं स्पर्शकोमलम् । अभ्रं मृतं विजानीयाद्रसतन्त्रविचक्षण : ॥ (RT 10/55) Nishchandra , Swachcha , susukshma , komala , aruna varna

36. ABHRAKA BHASMA - LOHITEEKARANA गाङ्गेरुकी भद्रमुस्ता वटक्षीरन्तथैव च । वटमूलजलं वापि हरिद्राया द्रवस्तथा ॥ समङ्गाक्वथितञ्चैव घनमेभि : सुपेषयेत् । पुटद्वयं त्रयं वापि वितरेद्भिषजां वर ​: ॥ निश्चन्द्रिकञ्च मृदुलं रक्तोत्पलसमप्रभम् । गगनस्य भवेद्भस्म तत ​: कर्येषु योजयेत् ॥ (RT 10/65 -67)

37. Abhraka bhasma (1 P)  rub with liquids of gangeruki , bhadramusta , vatakshira and vatamoola swarasa / Haridra swarasa and manjishta Kashaya  trituration  subjected to gajaputa for 2 or 3 times  nischandra , mridu , raktotpala varna abhraka bhasma

38. ABHRAKA BHASMA AMRITEEKARANA मृताभ्रसंमितं गव्यमाज्यं दत्वाभ्रकं पचेत् । अमृतीकृतमेवन्तु धनं कार्येषु योजयेत् ॥ (RT 10/71) Abhraka bhasma (1p) + Goghrita (1 P)  mild heat in an iron vessel till goghrita get evaporated  abhraka amritikarana

39. SATVA - SIGNIFICANCE योगेषूपरसादीनां योगे सत्वयोजनम् । गुणोत्तरं भवेध्यस्मात्तस्मात्सत्वं विशिष्यते ॥ (RT 10/103) Satva is always more efficacious than the remaining forms of the drugs It is better to use the incinerated satva of rasa dravya

40. ABHRAKA SATVAPATANA पादांशटङ्कणोपेतं मुसलीरसमर्दितम् । रुन्ध्यात्कोष्ठ्यां दृढं ध्मातं सत्वरुपं भवेत् घनम् ॥ (RRS 2/28) Shuddha abhraka (1p) + shudha tankana (1p)  mardana with musali swarasa  make bolus  theevragni in koshti  abhraka satvam

41. मित्रपञ्चकसंयुक्तं खसत्वं चूर्णसन्निभम् । मूषायां विनिधायाथ प्रधमेत्कोकिलानले ॥ इत्थं तीक्ष्णतरं ध्मातमेकतां याति कांस्यवत् । पिण्डीभूतं तत ​: सत्वं शोधनार्थं प्रयोजयेत् ॥ (RT 10/101-102) Abhraka satva + Mitra panchaka  crucible ( Musha )  Heat  bhasma will accumulates at one place like that of kamsya  Abhraka satva pindikarana ABHRAKA SATVA – PINDIKARANA

42. ABHRAKA SATVA SHODHANA त्रिफलासलिले वापि वटमूलकषायत : । अम्लेन काञ्जिकैर्वापि खसत्वं शोधयेद्भिषक् ॥ (RT 10/103) ​ Abhraka satva  nirvapa in triphala / Vatamoola Kashaya/Kanji  Abhraka satva

43. ABHRAKA SATVA MAARANA/SATVA BHASMA विशोधितं व्योमसत्वं तदर्धं सूतगन्धकम् । निक्षिप्य मर्दयेत्खल्वे काचकूपीगतं तत ​: ॥ पचेतु बालुकायन्त्रे विधानज्ञो भिषग्वर ​: । इत्थं नातिचिरादेव खसत्वं याति पञ्चताम् ॥ (RT 10/108 - 109) Abhraka satva (1P) + Samagandha kajjali ( ½ P)  Triturated in khalva yantra  Kaachakupi  Valuka yantra  Intense heat  abhraka satva bhasma

44. PANCHAVIDHA SAMSKARAS OF ABHRAKA संस्कार ​: पञ्चधा प्रोक्तो घनस्य परमेश्वरि । धान्याभ्र करणं सत्वपातनं निर्मलक्रिया ॥ सु मृतीकरणं चैव त्व मृतीकरणं तथा । मारणे घनसत्वस्य घनपत्रस्य मारणे ॥ (AKK V.1/145-146)

45. SATVA BHASMA - PROPERTIES अभ्रसत्वं सु शिशिरं मधुरं रुचिरं परम् । सु स्निग्धं केश्य मायुष्यं त्रिदोषघ्नं रसायनम् ॥ (RT 10/112)

46. Rasa : Madhura Guna : Snigdha Virya : Sheeta Karma : Rasayana , Keshya , Varnya , Ruchikarana , Deepana , Atibalya , Netrya,Medhajanana , Pachana , Stanyavriddhikara Dose :1 Valla (2 ratti = 250mg) RRS 2/51 1 to 2 Ratti (125 to 250mg) 2 times a day (RTS &SPS) Anupana : Madhu, Dugdha Ghrita

47. Madhumeha Shwasa Kushta Kshaya Shotha Mandagni Hridaya roga THERAPEUTIC USES

48. ASHUDHA ABHRAKA SEVANAJANYA DOSHA Paranahara Prameha Mandagni Mrityu

49. DOSHA SHANTI उमाफलं जले पिष्ट्वा सेवते यो दिनत्र्यम् । अशुध्धाभ्रकदोषेण विमुक्त ​: सुखमेधते ॥ (RJN Vol 2. Chapter 1 Pg31) Umaphala ( Atasi ) + Rubbed with water  3 days

50. APATHYA क्षाराम्लं द्विदलञ्चैव कर्कटीकारवेल्लकम् । वृन्ताकञ्च करीरञ्च तैलं चाभ्रे विवर्जयेत् ॥ (RJN Vol 2. Chapter 1 Pg30) Kshara ,Amla , Dwidala (dicotyledon – Pulses), Karkati , Karavellaka , Vrintaka , Kareera and taila

51. IMPORTANT FORMULATION Arogyavardhini vati Panchamrita parpati Gagana parpati Rasaraja Rasa Laxmivilasa rasa Yogaraja guggulu Ekangaveera rasa Arshakuthara rasa Prabhakara vati Vasantakusumukara rasa Chandrakala rasa

52. ABHRAKA DRUTI अगस्त्यपत्रनिर्यासै : धान्याभ्रं मर्दित तथा । शरणोदरमध्ये तु निक्षिप्तं लेपितं मृदा ॥ गोष्ठभूमिं खनित्वा तु हस्तमात्रमध्य ​: क्षिपेत् । मासान्तयुद्धतं तत्तु जायते पारदोपमम् ॥ (RJN Vol 2. Chapter 1 Pg30)