Absorption of drug from extravascular route.pptx

This ppt explains absorption of drugs from non-per oral extravascular routes

1. ABSORPTION OF DRUGS FROM NON-PER OR EXTRAVASCULAR ROUTES Ms. Priyanka Suresh Shinde, Assistant Professor, PES Modern College of Pharmacy, (for ladies)Moshi.

2. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION DEFINITION OTHER THAN ORAL ROUTES ADVANTAGES SUMMARY CONCLUSION

3. INTRODUCTION Non-per OS means other than oral routes which bypasses the GIT and reaches to systemic circulation. One of the major advantages of administering dfugs by non-invasive transmucosal (&transdermal) routes such as nasal, buccal, rectal, etc. is that greater systemic availability is attainable.

4. NON-PER OS ROUTES BUCCAL/SUBLINGUAL RECTAL TOPICAL INTRAMUSCULAR SUBCUTANEOUS PULMONARY INTRANASAL INTRAOCULAR VAGINAL

5. 1. BUCCAL/SUBLINGUAL ROUTE BUCCAL ROUTE: The medicament is placed between cheek and the gum (Glyceryl trinitrate). SUBLINGUAL ROUTE: The drug is placed under the tongue and allowed to dissolve(Ergotamine). ADVANTAGES: Rapid absorption No first pass hepatic metabolism No degradation of drugs FACTORS: Lipophilicity of drugs Salivary secretion pH of the saliva Binding to the oral mucosa Thickness of oral epithelium

6. 2. RECTAL ROUTE The rectal route of administration is still an important route for children and old patients. The drug may be administered as solutions( microenemas ) or suppositories. ADVANTAGES: Absorption is more rapid. Bypasses Presystemic hepatic metabolism FACTORS: Presence of faecal matter pH of rectal fluid (around 8) Drug irritability Surface area

7. 3. TOPICAL ROUTE Skin is the largest organ of the body. Skin is commonly employed as a site of drug administration for local as well as systemic effect. Liquid dosage forms such as liniments, lotions, sprays administered. Semisolids like ointments, creams, pastes, gels, etc. are conventional drug forms for topical drug delivery. ADVANTAGES: Protect drug from GI fluids and from first pass metabolism Increased patient compliance by reduced dosing frequency Easy to terminate drug therapy by removing transdermal patch. FACTORS: Skin condition Composition of topical vehicle Application procedure External or environmental factors

8. 4. INJECTIONS Intravenous (IV) injection Drug is directly goes into the bloodstream. Intramuscular (IM) injection Absorption of drugs from IM sites is relatively rapid but much slower than IV injection. Subcutaneous (SC) injection Absorption is slower than IM site due to the poor perfusion. Intraperitoneal (IP) injection IP route is rarely employed in human beings but most widely used in laboratory animals.

9. FACTORS: Vascularity of injection site Lipid solubility and ionisation of drug Molecular size of the drug Volume of injection/drug concentration pH, composition and viscosity of injection vehicle

10. 6. PULMONARY ROUTE All drugs are intended for systemic effect can be administered by inhalation since the large surface area of the alveoli. ADVANTAGES: Rapid absorption just like exchange of gases between the blood and the inspired air. Lipid-soluble drugs are rapidly absorbed by passive diffusion. Polar drugs absorbed by pore transport.

11. FACTORS : Particle size of the drug Properties of propeller such as vapour Pressure,toxicity , solvent action c) Effect of drugs and additives on mucous viscosity, mucociliary clearance

12. 7. INTRANASAL ROUTE The nasal route is becoming increasingly popular for systemic delivery especially for some peptide and protein drugs. ADVANTAGES: Rapid absorption due to rich vasculature and high permeability Drugs from this route reaches the systemic circulation may cross BBB FACTORS: Required high lipophilic drugs Smaller molecular weight is required pH of nasal secretion Pathological condition

13. 8. INTRAOCULAR ROUTE Topical application of the drugs to the eyes is mainly meant for local effects such as mydriasis, miosis, anaesthesia or treatment of infections, glaucoma,etc . ADVANTAGES: Lipophilic as well as hydrophilic drugs are absorbed pH of lacrimal fluid influence absorption of weak electrolytes. FACTORS: Rate of blinking shows loss of drug Viscosity of drug also affect an absorption

14. 9. VAGINAL ROUTE Drugs meant for intravaginal application are generally intended to act locally in the treatment of bacterial or fungal infection or prevent conception ADVANTAGES: Easy administration Controlled delivery and termination of drug action when desired, with this route.

15. Summary Of Mechanism And Drugs Absorbed From Non-invasive Routes

16. Summary Of Mechanism And Drugs Absorbed From Non-invasive Routes

17. CONCLUSION Absorption of drug is rapid Directly reaches the systemic circulation Avoid the GI degradation and/or hepatic metabolism Easy to administer Shows the more bioavailability than the oral route