Abstract Book92-9-12

International Association
for Dental Research
Iranian Division of IADR
IADR
www.iadr-iran.com
11-13 Dec 2013 Olympic Hotel -Tehran-Iran
WHO Collaborating Center for
Training and Research in
Dental Public Health, Tehran, I.R. Iran
Dorsunteb Pars
Abstract
Book

9
th
Iranian
& 13
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Kuwaiti
Divisions of IADR
Joint Congress
Abstract Book

9
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Iranian & 13
th
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5
Index
Organizing Committee Messages .........................................................10
Organizing Committee.................................................................................16
Iranian IADR Officers....................................................................................17
Scientific Committee & Abstract Reviewers....................................17
Sessions Chairs................................................................................................18
Featured Presentations...............................................................................19
Workshops.........................................................................................................27
IADR-WHO Symposium...............................................................................38
Oral & Poster Presentation ......................................................................41
Abstracts in order of ID numbers
H. BAGHERI G
Biomimetic Synthetic Enamel: A Potential Remineralizing Agent for Enamel Repair............................42
M. BONABI
Adherence of Iranian Dentists to Information Technology...........................................................43
A. BAGHALIAN
Fracture Resistance of Posts in Full-Coverage Restorations of Primary Incisors..................................44
A. KESHVAD
Human and Animal Bone Substitutes for Augmentation before Implant Placement............................45
A. PARHIZ
Bone Debris vs. Allografts in Repairing Implant Buccal Bone Dehiscence.........................................46
O. MOGHADDAS
Role of Titanium Mesh in Reconstruction of Ridge Deficiencies....................................................47
F. FARSHCHI
Reverse Contrast Digital Radiography in Root Fracture Diagnosis..................................................48
9
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Joint Congress
Abstract Book

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N. NOURBAKHSH
The Effect of OTC Bleaching Products on Enamel Microhardness..................................................49
F. FARAJI
Effect of GC Tooth Mousse and MI Paste Plus on Dental Plaque Acidity...........................................50
A. DARNAHAL
Porcelain Laminate Fracture Resistance on Incisal Reduction less than 2mm....................................51
D. NIKNAM
Effect of Fluoride and Chlorhexidine Varnishes on Interproximal Plaque pH.....................................52
A. NAJAFPOUR
The Role of HIV Infection on Oral Pigmentation.......................................................................53
H.-. MOOSAVI
Clinical Effectiveness of Laser on Postoperative Hypersensitivity...................................................54
T. HOOSHMAND
Degree of Conversion of Low-Shrinkage Composites Photo-Activated by LED and Halogen...................55
E. JAFARPOUR
Investigation of Implant Width on Distribution of Stress in Adjacent Bone.......................................56
F. NILCHIAN
Quality Assessment of the Information Related to Fissure Sealant.................................................57
S. ALIREZAEI
Formulation of New Mucoadhesive Containing Phenytoin on Wound Healing..................................58
N. MOHAMMADZADEH AKHLAGHI
Residual Root Thickness Evaluation after Pre-Flaring Using Gates Glidden Drills................................59
S. SADEGHI
Effects of bonding agent and sealant viscosity on sealant microleakage.........................................60
A. MESGARANI
Accuracy of Two Radiographic Methods in Diagnosis of Root Resorption........................................61
N. RAHSHENAS
Relationship between Art (Painting) with Stress, Anxiety, Depression in Dentists...............................62
H. RAHIMI
Effect of Stress on Salivary Ion Content in Orthodontic Patients....................................................63
A. PAHLEVAN
SEM Evaluation of Intracanal Dentin Changes in Endodontically Treated Teeth: ................................64
S. AZADNIA
A Biocompatibility Comparison of Nanosilver Coated Gutta-Percha and Standard Gutta-Percha.............65
L. RANJBAR OMRANI
Internal Evaluation of Operative Dentistry Department of Tehran University....................................66
S. KHAZAEI
Effects of Different Prosthesis Materials on Stress Distribution of Implant.......................................67
S. ASEFI
Introduction of Iranian 3D Dental Cast Simulator.....................................................................68
A. PAKFETRAT
Removal of Refractory Erosive Lichen Planus by CO2 Laser .........................................................69
A. SEDIGH NIA
Comparison Of Apically Extruded Debris Between Hero And Race Systems......................................70
R. HAMEDI
The Effect of Bone Metabolic Alterations on Orthodontic Tooth Movement.....................................71
M. ABBASI
Coronal Leackage Of Gutta-percha Or Resilon Using An Intraorifice Barrier......................................72
M. MINA
Mathematical Beta Function for Maxillary Arch Form Prediction...................................................73
H. YOUSEFI
Interleukin-10 Gene Polymorphisms in Patients with Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis.........................74

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M. NEJADKARIM
Stress Distribution at the Internal Surface of Dental Implants......................................................75
N. MOHEBBIAN
Debonding of Ceramic Brackets Using Er-YAG Laser...................................................................76
J. ORANGI
Enhance Socket Preservation with Combination of Bio-Oss with Silk .............................................77
L. KHEIRI
The Osteoregenerative Effects of PDGF-BB with MSCs Loaded on FDBA..........................................78
S.R. HABIB ABADI
Implant Location Influence on Stress Distribution in Implant Assisted RPDs.....................................79
S. SEYEDZADEH SABOUNCHI
Search for Evidence Behavior among Dental Faculty Members in Iran............................................80
A. ALBUJEER
HIV/AIDS Awareness Among Iraqi Medical and Dental Students...................................................81
A. EBN AHMADY
Designing an Oral Health Surveillance System in Iran.................................................................82
S. SHAHRABI FARD
Evaluation of Zirconia Post and Zirconia Coated FRC Post............................................................83
S. ARAGHI
PH Changes of Intracanal Materials in Simulated Root Surface Defects...........................................84
G. NAHVI
Apical Transportation of Waveone File with Full-Rotation versus Reciprocation Movement..................85
M.T. BAGHANI
Mesenchymal Stem Cells Delivery in Maxillofacial Bone Regeneration: Systematic Review...................86
M. SHABANI
Laser Assisted Monitoring of Dental Caries in Early Childhood Caries Prevention...............................87
S.S. HASHEMI KAMANGAR
Effect of Bleaching on the Microhardness and Color of Composites...............................................88
S. ETEHADIEH KOOCHAK
The Effect of Firing on Marginal Integrity of Zirconia Core...........................................................89
N.S. MATINI
Invisible Dental Injuries (Cracks) due to General Anesthesia Intubation..........................................90
B. TAHANI
Attitude and Practice of Dentists regarding Tobacco Cessation in Iran.............................................91
B. DADRESANFAR
Effectiveness of Reciproc and iRace on Canal Wall Cleanliness (SEM).............................................92
A. AHADI
Histocompatibility and Setting Time of Endodontic Cement........................................................93
A. ZIADLOU
Endodontic Cements Influence on Odontogenic Differentiation of Pulp Stem Cells.............................94
M. MOJAHEDI
Laser Assisted Pain Reduction after Vital Pulp Therapy...............................................................95
M. GHASEMI
Association of Periodontal Condition with Serum PSA Level........................................................96
H. BAHRAMIAN
Is Anxiety Affecting Iranians’ Oral Health Behavior?..................................................................97
P. MEHRIAR
Effect of Magnesium on Bonding Strength of MTA Based Cement.................................................98
G. AZARBAKHSH
Evaluation of Oral Medicine New Lesson Plan, Requirement and Questionnaire................................99
A. FARZAN
A New Grading System for Orthodontic Treatment Quality Assessment.........................................100

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S. TOOPCHI
Effect of Enoxolone on Dental Plaque, Gingival Inflammation, and Bleeding....................................101
P. MEHRVARZFAR
Antimicrobial Comparison of Green Tea Extract and Calcium Hydroxide.........................................102
H. BAKHTIAR
Regenerative Endodontic Treatment of Immature Permanent Teeth by Using PRP............................103
M. KARCHED
Real-Time PCR Quantification of Periodontal Pathogens in Diabetic Kuwaiti Children.........................104
L. ATASH BIZ YEGANEH
CBCT and Periapical Radiography in Diagnosis of Strip Root Perforations........................................105
D.S. MAHOUTCHI
Diagnosis of Gingival Biotype by Probing Technique vs. Visual Method..........................................106
M. BOSKABADY
Fissure-Sealants Microleakage Based on the Type of Solvent in Bonding-Agents...............................107
M. AZARIAN
The Influence of Implant Dimension on Stress Frequency Responses............................................108
R. BARDAL
Accuracy of Different Image Modalities in Detection of Bone Lesions............................................109
N. JAMEI
Evaluation of One Iranian Probiotic Yogurt’s Effect on Salivary S. Mutans Count...............................110
M.T. BAGHANI
Evaluation of Silicone Effect on Implant Abutment Interface Microbial Leakage...............................111
Y. REZVANI
The Effect of Intranasal Midazolam with/without N2O/O2 on Children’s Behavior............................112
M. KARIMI
Knowledge of Dentists About Stepwise Excavation and Pulp Capping............................................113
J. MEHRANI SABET
Selective Alveolar Decortication Technique for Facilitating Orthodontic Tooth Movement...................114
Z. SHAKIBAEI
Accuracy of Two Radiographic Techniques in Diagnosis of Root Fractures.......................................115
M. MALEKI GORJI
SEM Evaluation of Etching Pattern of 18%HCL: A Pilot Study.......................................................116
G. RADAFSHAR
Placebo Medication for Pain Relief During Scaling and Root Planning............................................117
A. FAYAZ
Determining Depth and Radius of Curve of Spee: A Pilot Study...................................................118
N. NAGHAVI
Evaluation of Genotoxic Effects of Two Endodontic Cements......................................................119
G. RADAFSHAR
Long Term Survival Rate of teeth Requiring Multiple Treatment Procedure.....................................120
N. SOLTANIAN
Osteoblast Survival during Different Bone Harvesting Techniques: An Animal Study..........................121
F. SARLATI
Periodontal Flap and Osseous Resective Surgery Techniques: Computer Assisted Learning..................122
S. ALIJANI
Comparison of Single and Double Jaw Surgery in ClII Patients.....................................................123
H. SHEKARCHIZADEH
Self-perceived Oral Health of Addicts in Rehabilitation in Tehran, Iran...........................................124
M. KASHKULI
Home Bleaching Relapse in Patients with and without Recall Treatment........................................125
N. DABIRI
Frequency of Oral Connective Tissue Lesions in Children...........................................................126

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S. ZOKANI
Effect of Coffee on Discoloration of Three Nano Composites ......................................................127
F. SHIRBAN
En-Mass Distalization of Maxillary Posterior Teeth with Mini-Screw Supported Hyrax........................128
N. MAHINFAR
The Effect of Bleaching on the Microleakage of Silorane-Based Composite.....................................129
S. RAZEGHI
Medical Emergency Management Among Iranian Dentists.........................................................130
F. BASTAMI
Demographic Factors Affecting the Survival Rate of Dental Implants.............................................131
P. MOHEBBI
Mineral Trioxide Aggregate X-Ray Diffraction Analysis at Different pH Values...................................132
N. BAYATI
Effect of Zeolite on Sealing Ability of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate .................................................133
P. OMIDSALAR
Anticariogenic Effect of Some Herbs....................................................................................134
S. RABIEI
Primary Care Nurses’ Perspective on Children’s Oral Health.......................................................135
P. VARES
Correlation between the Gingival Embrasure Space and Interdental Papilla....................................136
N. YOUSSEFI
Influence of Cavity Size Modification on Microleakage of Bulk-Cured Composites.............................137
R. POURABBAS
Effects of Plasma Rich in Growth Factors in Extraction Sockets....................................................138
M. NOURBAKHSH
Effect of Polishing and Glazing on Color Stability of Porcelain......................................................139
S. ASHNAGAR
Prevalence of Oral Lesions in AIDS and HIV Positive Patients.......................................................140
N. MOHAMMADZADEH REZAEI
Green Tea Mouthwash in Postoperative Pain Following Third-Molar Extraction................................141
S. JAFARNIA
Effect of Lip Line on Anterior Teeth Proportion Preference.........................................................142
M. BROOKHIM
Evaluation of Ki-67 and PCNA in Subtypes of Amelonlastoma.....................................................143
Z. TEHRANI
Low-Level Laser Effect on Pain after BSSO Surgery...................................................................144
A. HASSANI
Implant Placement Simultaneous Alveolar Ridge Augmentation with Block Bone Graft......................145
S. BABAZADEH
Social Capital and Self-Perceived Oral Health, Urban HEART Study...............................................146
T. SAFAIE
Effect of CPP-ACPF on Oral Symptoms of Patients under Chemotherapy........................................147
A. ORUMCHI
Double Taper and Simple Taper Fiber Posts...........................................................................148
M. SHIRYAN
Comparison of Two Adhesive Systems on FRC Post Bond Strength...............................................149
Z. MOMENI
Dental Pain and Self Perceived Oral Health, Urban HEART..........................................................150
N. BAHROLOLUMI
Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Four Intracanal Medicaments on L929 Fibroblasts...................................151
M. SAFAIE YAZDI
Stepwise Excavation Using MTA: A Randomized Clinical Trial......................................................152

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S. SABBAGH
Influence of Spatial Resolution on Detection of Non-Cavitated Proximal Lesions..............................153
S.S. FAKHR TABATABAIE
Assessment of the Electromyographic Activity and Vertical Dimension (VDR)..................................154
A.H. NEJAT
Dental Bleaching Induced Redox Perturbation........................................................................155
N. PAHLAVAN
Five Years Epidemiology Study on Oral Cancers in Tehran (2001-2006)..........................................156
M. GHOLAMI
Assessment of Adults’ Periodontal Knowledge Following a Mass Media Campaign...........................157
S. NEMATI ANARAKI
Effect of Fluoride on Enamel Roughness after Home Bleaching...................................................158
M. DEHGHANI
Effect of Combined Fluoride-Chlorhexidine Mouthrinse on Orthodontic Patients’ Oral Health..............159
M. HAJIHASANI
Effect of Irradiation Time and Distance on Nano-Hybrid Composites Microhardness..........................160
S. MARANDI
Assessing the Knowledge of Senior Dental Students towards Antibiotic Prescription.........................161
F. AFKHAMI
Radiographic Localization of Mandibular Foramen in an Iranian Population....................................162
S. BANAVA
Comparison of CalciumHydroxide, MTA, and CEM Cement in Stepwise Excavation: Final Results...........163
E. KOSARIEH
Comparison of Penetration Depth of Two Different Photosensitizers in Root Canal Wall....................164
N. KOOHESTANIAN
Assessment of Retentive Strength Orthodontic Bands Cemented with ACP-Modified GI.....................165
A.S. MOSTAFAVI
Internal Connection Reverse Torque Values in 3 Types of Abutments............................................166
M. HASSANPOUR SHATER
Prevalence of Different Techniques used in Implant Supported Fixed Prosthesis...............................167
Z. RAHMANI
Geometric Parameters of Implants and stress distribution in Partial Overdenture.............................168
A. ANSARI
Potential Psychological Effect of GA on Pediatric Dental Patients.................................................169
N. PASDAR
Oral/Intramuscular Ketamine, Midazolam, Atropine for Dental Sedation........................................170
G. ANSARI
Primary Teeth Pulpotomy with C.E.M/LLLT, Two Years Result......................................................171
M. MIR
Microleakage Analysis of Resilon Obturation Material in Laser Assisted RCT....................................172
M. ZARE JAHROMI
Effect of Triple Antibiotic and Chlorhexidine on Shear Bond of Composite.....................................173
H. NOJEHDEHYAN
PLGA Microspheres Containing Minocycline as Drug Delivery System............................................174
N. ALASVAND
Preparation of Gelatin-Hydroxyapatite Microspheres as Cell Carrier.............................................175
K. SARGERAN
Dental Visit and Number of Missing Teeth among Tehrani Elderly................................................176
S. HAMIDIAVAL
Cephalometric Assessment of Jaws Growth in 9-11yrs Normal Subject..........................................177
A. JAFARI NAEIMI
Force Relaxation of Three Different Orthodontic Latex Elastic Products..........................................178

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S.M. MOAZZAMI
Self-Sealing Ability of High Copper Amalgams with Self-Etch Adhesives.........................................179
A. AZIZI
Preventive Effect of Zinc Sulfate on Oral Mucositis...................................................................180
M.H. KHOSHNEVISAN
Oral Hygiene Behavior in Iran: National NCD Risk Factor Surveillance............................................181
J. SARABADANI
Study Experiences of Staff and Faculty Members of Oral Medicine...............................................182
B. HOJJATIE
Computational Models for Temperature/Stress Prediction in Layered Dental Porcelains.....................183
S. HONKALA
Is Toothbrushing Associated with Other Oral Health-Related Habits in Kuwait?................................184
P. LUCAS
Tooth Wear Studied via Single-Particle Interaction with an Enamel Surface.....................................185
E. HONKALA
The Effect of 5Weeks Xylitol Consumption on Oral Microflora.....................................................186
A. VAN CASTEREN
The Role of Dust, Grit and Phytoliths in Tooth Wear.................................................................187
A.J. MOULE
Residual Active Chlorine in Sodium Hypochlorite Solutions after Tissue Dissolution..........................188
Congress Contributors................................................................................189
Congress Sponsors........................................................................................191
Diamond Sponsor ..........................................................................................................192
Platinum Sponsor..........................................................................................................193
Gold Sponsor................................................................................................................194
Silver Sponsor ..............................................................................................................195

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Iranian Division of IADR President
Professor Ghassem Ansari
Dear Valued Delegates, Presenters, Colleagues
It is a great pleasure for me as the President of IADR-Iranian Division to welcome you
to the uniquely organized first joint congress of Iranian and Kuwaiti Divisions. This
congress has shaped in such a wonderful scale under the leadership of Dr. Sepideh
Banava (Congress Chair and one of the leading national researchers) and enthusiasm
of her team in association to all of you who made this to happen by your contribution.
I like to high light that as most of the other international events, this congress has
also taken such an enormous amount of work and communications in order to allow
this to happen. All preparation and arrangement steps of this congress were made
possible by individual courage and enthusiasm of each and every member of the
organizing team which deserves my personal appreciation.
As the nature of the IADR congresses provides unique opportunities for researchers
in various fields, this one is no exception. Being engaged and responsible in almost
all of the Iran’s IADR history, I am confident to say that this year’s event is planned as
one of the most active and well covered research products of the two divisions. This
is clearly highlights the position of the research status in this region and the potential
role could be played by the two divisional members within the IADR network. I
also like to emphasis that this year’s event illustrates the research capacity of our
nationwide dental scientists.
As the main policy of the IADR Iranian Division is to use all of its potential research
opportunities it is hoped that within the next couple of years this country can find its
deserved international position. A nationwide plan is on to engage all of the national
dental research active members. Herewith I urge everyone to register with us and
let us keep our files updated with all research activities going on in every corner
of our great country. Being the largest in dental population size, academic facilities
and research institution numbers which inevitably provide massive potentials for
research production compare to other nations of the region in EMRO and most
probably AMER groups, I am confident that we are impatiently moving towards
our goals. This will eventually reveal the actual role of Iran in the world of Dental
Research.
Another unique aspect of this congress is collaboration of the WHO and their offices
Organizing Committee Messages

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in the region. With the leadership of Prof Khoshnevisan who has headed his Iranian
counterparts, we will have several symposiums and group discussions in the field
of Community Oral Health and their hot topics. With the presence of WHO active
representatives in the region in these discussions I am sure these meetings will
provide valuable outcomes for their group and their communities.
I am fully aware as there have been massive efforts and courageous in our dental fair
team which resulted in their collaboration with several supporting companies and
dental agents who offered their full support to make this year’s dental exhibition
different. This is why I like to express my personal appreciation to their directors and
engaged team in the congress in advance.
The IADR Headquarter team is thanked for their support and help throughout the
course of congress preparation and in particular the CONFEX facility providers who
made the online submission, review and registration of the congress possible, Special
thanks to Dr. Christopher Fox, Ms Marissa Napinsky and Ms Denise Steszoff for their
valued helps.
Last but not least, I like to say that it is of great value to me and my colleagues to
share this year’s congress with the Kuwaiti colleagues. The Iranian team’s highest
appreciation is expressed to Prof Jawad Behbehani president of AMER and Prof Eino
Honkala who were fully supportive of this event from start. Without their generous
help and support such collaboration would not form to this level. I also like to express
my appreciation to all other international colleagues who have contributed to this
congress. I can reassure everyone that this rather small but unique community, when
compared to other Dental Associations, has a lot to say and will bring valued ideas,
research results and courage to those involved in the field of Dental and Medical
research. I hope that you enjoy your time here in Tehran and have a wonderful
scientific occasion to remember for years to come.
With Best regards
Professor Ghassem Ansari
President of the IADR Iranian Division

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Congress President
Dear Distinguished Colleagues, Researchers, Dentists, and Students,
This is a great opportunity for me to express my deep gratitude to you and welcome
you to the 9
th
Iranian and 13
th
Kuwaiti divisions of IADR Joint Congress.
In every IADR congress around the world, the latest research results are presented.
For those students, dentists, and researchers who put a lot of effort into moving
along with developments in the realm of knowledge, technology and research, IADR
is the best way to keep themselves up-to-date.
In the field of science and research, every single question matters and can inspire
new studies. A researcher becomes GLOBAL instantly by presenting his/her research
in any of the IADR congresses.
In my opinion, IADR congress builds a strong bridge between science, knowledge,
research, technology and dental clinics. Therefore this scientific and prestigious
congress connects all the people in these areas.
The 9
th
Iranian division of IADR congress is so special this year due to several reasons;
the Kuwaiti division has joined and a close collaboration has happened between the two
divisions; WHO Collaborative center in Iran has organized a symposium to connect the
oral hygiene leaders in the region. A hard effort was made by the organizing committee
since almost a year ago to acquaint dental students, general dentists, and specialist with
the scientific and research basis of the IADR Another positive point of this congress is
having a close and scientific collaboration of dental companies with IADR.
This great event was not possible without tremendous efforts of my valued team
and their supports. I’m really grateful of Dr. Omid Moghaddas, Dr. Arash Rahimi,
Dr. Mohammad Safaie Yazdi and Ms. Azin Kazemi who stood by me during the
organization of the congress. Last but not the least I want to express my special
thanks to Dr. Ghassem Ansari who trusted me for holding this congress.
I wish you all great days in this international congress.
Dr. Sepideh Banava
9th Iranian IADR Congress President

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Head of Scientific Committee
Dear Colleagues,
It is an honour and a great pleasure to welcome you all to the 9
th
Annual Meeting and
Scientific Congress of IADR Iranian Division in Tehran, Iran from December 11-13,
2013. This is a joint program with 13
th
Kuwaiti Division and WHO collaborating Center
for Training and Research in Dental Public Health in Iran.
I am proud and thankful for the considerable extent of scientific contribution
this year. This meeting consists of 11 scientific workshops, 68 oral and 78 poster
presentations on current dental and collateral research findings selected from 250
submitted articles. Furthermore, a 3-day WHO symposium will run concurrently
with scientific sessions. This would be a unique opportunity to exchange valuable
knowledge and recent advances in the field of dental research among scientists in
this region and we hope this event will facilitate more communication and application
of the research findings. The scientific presentations will be scheduled according to
the IADR scientific groups and the final outline will be presented in the congress
program.
On behalf of the scientific committee, I would like to express my sincere gratitude
toward those who collaborate with us in different committees and concerned
authorities, in addition to our 30 valuable referees and other dental research centers
for their dedication and support.
I would like to welcome you all to this event with the hope for contribution towards
improvement of Oral Health Researches.
Sincerely,
Dr. Azita Tehranchi
Head of Scientific Committee

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Head of Executive Committee
Dear colleagues and friends
It is my great pleasure to welcome you to the 9
th
annual congress of Iranian division
of IADR in Tehran. The members of Executive, Organizing and Scientific committees
of Iranian Division of IADR worked so hard to prepare an outstanding program, and
we are all grateful to them for their efforts.
The scientific program of IADR will cover all the major aspects of dentistry, presented
by prominent scientists and clinicians and researchers. The conference is also a
unique social opportunity to make new acquaintances, meet colleagues from other
countries and better know the different National Dental Societies of Iran. This year
the congress is joint with 13
th
annual congress of IADR Kuwaiti division and we are
honored to have special guests from Kuwait.
I am honored and privileged to be the Head of the Executive committee in this
congress and I would like on this occasion to express my gratitude to all people that
have contributed to the success of the Iranian division of IADR : Past and present
Presidents, General Secretaries,Treasurers and National Delegates. Special thanks to
our friends from the Industry, true partners and supporters of the IADR goals.
I wish you all a wonderful and memorable experience.
Dr. Omid Moghaddas
Head of the Executive Committee

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Head of Exhibition Committee
Dear Colleagues,
It is a great pleasure to welcome you to this international congress with a different
exhibition.
In this congress, different companies participated to express themselves with their
R&D sections to scientifically communicate with the participants. We are thankful to
all companies who play an important role in making congresses glorious.
In this congress, unlike the past Iranian IADR congresses, some dominant companies
have participated as financial sponsors of diamond, platinum, gold, and silver.
I am deeply grateful because of their companionship and hopeful to have their
support in the future.
Sincerely yours
Dr. Arash Rahimi
Head of Exhibition Committee

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Organizing Committee
Congress President: Dr. Sepideh Banava
Head of Scientific Committee: Dr. Azita Tehranchi
Head of Executive Committee: Dr. Omid Moghaddas
Vice Executive Director: Dr. Mohammad Safaie Yazdi
Head of Exhibition Committee: Dr. Arash Rahimi
Vice Exhibition Director: Babak Mamizad
Congress Advisors: Dr. Ghassem Ansari, Dr.Mahtab Nouri, Dr. Haleh Heshmat,
Dr. Ebrahim Aminsalehi, Dr.Ali Saghiri, Dr.Keivan Saati
Poster Committee: Dr. Haleh Heshmat (Director), Dr. Pooneh Mohebbi,
Dr. Raha Tafaroji
Workshop Committee: Dr. Ehsan Esnaashari (Director), Dr. Arezou Pezeshkfar,
Dr. Mansoureh Emami Arjmand, Dr.Ali Mansouri
Public Relations & International Affairs Secretory: Azin Kazemi
IADR-WHO Symposium Committee: Dr. Mohammad Hossein Khoshnevisan,
Dr. Arezoo Ebn Ahmady, Dr. Sepideh Rabiei
Registration Committee: Dr. Sima Alizadeh, Dr. Mona Kashkuli, Shahla Hamidi,
Mahsa Hamidi, Jamileh Toghi, Termeh Shemirani, Haniye Tehrani, Janet Shahverdi
Website Designing & Support: Flying Feathery Group
Publication Committee: Azin Kazemi, Ehsan Shams
Graphic & Design: AfraviGroup (Foroozan Kheiri, Bahram Afravi)
VIP & Ceremonial Committee: Dr.Vida Dolati, Dr. Mehrnoush Ghobadi,
Dr. Linda Nematollahian, Leila Pourjafar
Audio-Visual & Media Committee: Zhoubin Ghaziani
CE Credit Committee: Zeinab Mozafartash
Student Executive Members (in alphabetic order): Haniyeh Haeri Araghi (Head),
Sahar Abdollahzadeh, Mina Aghabeygi, Elnaz Alavi, Nazanin Allahyari, Mahsa Amjad,
Hamidreza Alimoradi, Parmida Ariaei, Saghar Bahmani, Alireza Darnahal, Nafiseh
Farajian Zadeh, Ehsan Farjad, Seyed Hesamodin Haeri Araghi, Zohreh Heydari, Zahra
Jabari, Marjan Javadzadeh, Omid Javadzade, Zohreh Kazemi, Peiman Kermaniha,
Keikhosro Khosraviani, Donya Sadat Mahoutchi, Negar Manouchehri, Pegah
Mirmalek, Nima Mohahegh Dolatabadi, Mehrdad Moradi, Azin Orumchi, Shabnam
Pourhaghani, Shadi Poursoltani, Shima Rashidi, Mahdieh Sahrakari, Niloufar Saleh,
Mahsa Shadi, Targol Shafizade, Masoud Shahhoseini, Zahra Shakeri, Hamed Shojaei,
Negar Soltanian, Sedigheh Toraji, Peyman Vares, Bahareh Yousefian, Mahsa Zeinali,
Negin Zokaie, Kaveh Zolfaghar Nasab

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 19
Iranian IADR Officers
Ghassem Ansari: President
Sepideh Banava: President-Elect
Raheleh Hassanizadeh: Secretary
Mohammad Jafar Eghbal: Treasurer
Ghassem Ansari: Councilor
Mahtab Nouri: Immediate Past President
Scientific Committee & Abstract Reviewers
Ghassem Ansari
Arash Azizi
Sepideh Banava
Katayoun Esfahanizadeh
Ali Hassani
Raheleh Hassanizadeh
Haleh Heshmat
Eino Honkala (Kuwait)
Sisko Honkala (Kuwait)
Tabassom Hooshmand
Mohammad Reza Khami
Mandana Khatibi
Arash Khojasteh
Mohammad Hossein Khoshnevisan
Sandra Mehralizadeh
Hesam Mirmohammadi(Netherlands)
Omid Moghaddas
Nahid Mohammadzadeh Akhlaghi
Faramarz Mojtahedzadeh
Mahtab Nouri
Reza Pourabbas
Arash Rahimi
Alireza Sadr (USA)
Mohammad Ali Saghiri
Javad Sarabadani
Farhad Shafiei
Azita Tehranchi

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 20
Sessions Chairs
Dr. Ali Kangarloo
Dr. Mohammad Hossein Nekoofar
Dr. Mohsen Amin Sobhani
Dr. Ezzatollah Khamesi
Dr. Ebrahim Majidi
Dr. Ali Khader
Dr. Mohammad Reza Khami
Dr. Haleh Heshmat
Dr. Tabassom Hooshmand
Dr. Amir Nazari
Dr. Seyed Mohammad Reza Safavi
Dr. Majid Ghasemianpour
Dr. Fariborz Amini
Dr. Mahtab Nouri
Dr. Mohammad Hossein Khoshnevisan
Dr. Amjad Matouq
Dr. Arezoo Ebn Ahmady
Dr. Sisko Honkala
Dr. Soodabeh Sargolzaie
Dr. Kaveh Oloomi
Dr. Hossein Bagheri
Dr. Arash Rahimi
Dr. Emad Kosarieh
Dr. Mahkameh Moshfeghi
Dr. Ahamad RezaTalaeepour
Dr. Sandra Mehralizadeh
Dr. Saeid Mostafa Moazzami
Dr. Tahereh Sadat Jafarzadeh Kashi
Dr. Fatemeh Sadat Tabatabaie
Dr. Salahudeen AlBulushi
Dr. Fatemeh Mashhadiabbas
Dr. Farnaz Mahdisear
Dr. Mehdi Valizadeh
Dr. Kiumars Nazari Moghaddam
Dr. Saied Nemati
Dr. Arash Khojasteh
Dr. Alireza Jafari Naeimi
Dr. Hamid Moghaddas
Dr. Mohammad Jafarian
Dr. Kaveh Seyyedan
Dr. Hossein Behnia
Dr. Katayoun Esfahanizadeh
Dr. Payman Mehrvarzfar
Dr. Haleh Kazemi Yazdi
Dr. Eino Honkala
Dr. Ghassem Ansari
Dr. Mojtaba Vahid Golpayegani
Dr. Lida Toumarian
Dr. Javad Sarabadani
Dr. Masoud Ejlali
Dr. Faramarz Mojtahedzadeh
Dr. Alireza keshvad
Dr. Nasrin Esfahanizadeh
Dr. Afsaneh Pakdaman
Dr. Nahid Mohammadzadeh Akhlaghi
Dr. Shahram Azimi
Dr. Alexander John Moule
Dr. Peter Lucas
Dr. Khosrow Golshan
Dr. Ahmad Najafi
Dr. Hassan Torabzadeh
Dr. Mahdi Nasibi
Dr. Hossein Hesari
Dr. Suleiman Mohammad
Dr. Abdolhamid Zafarmand
9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress - Abstract Book

Featured Presentations

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 22
Dr. Ayoub Pahlevan, DDS, MS
Associate Professor
Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dental Faculty
Restorative Department, Iran
A General Look to Dentin Bonding Systems
Nowadays dentists are really confused about the type of the Dentin Bonding Agents
(DBA) they are going to select and apply in different clinical cases. Bonding to enamel
has been approved for many years and is very reliable but the issue is different with
bonding to dentin.
There are different factors that make the bonding to dentin more questionable.
Nature of the substrate, tag formation, etching pattern and chemical composition
are different from enamel and these make the bonding to dentin very technique
sensitive.
New DBAs are developed to fulfill the whole area but there is need to further
research regarding the type of DBA that is suitable and more reliable in different
clinical situations. Future needs clinical research and clinical evidence for successful,
reliable and non-degradable bond to tooth structure.

9
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Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 23
Nelson R. Pinto, MD
University of Concepcion, Chile
Graduatefrom, Faculty of Dentistry ,University of Concepcion, Chile 1985.
Residence in Oral Implantology Ohio State University Faculty of Dentistry, USA, 1990.
Residence in Oral Implantology Friburg University Faculty of Dentistry, Germany, 1992.
Head of Clinica San AgustinRestorative Implant Department 1993 - 2013
Private Practice exclusive in Oral Implantology. 1989 - 2013
National and International Lecturer in Oral Implantology ( morethan, 200 conferences)
National and International Lecturer of Courses in Oral Implantology (more than, 100 courses)
Nobel Biocare Key Clinician Consultan 2006 - 2013
Intra-lockInt. Key Clinician Consultant 2005- 2013
Professor, Post GraduateProgram in Oral Impantology and Periodontics,
Facultad de Odontología. Universidad de los Andes, Chile 2010 -2013
Visitant Professor: University of Concepcion, Faculty of Dentistry, Implant Program
Several Prizes in Clinical Research Presentations
Developer of a novel technique for the management of Chronics Wounds with Leucocytes -
Platelet Rich Fibrine, Best Oral Research Presentation Prize
L-PRF: Technique Overview to Clinical Applications
This Symposium will present the background, science, applications and methodologies
regarding the use of L-PRFTMmembranes. Clinical cases will be shown to further illustrate the
techniques and results that can be derived from its use. The hands-on workshop will enable
the participants to become familiar with the membrane-forming apparatus and the various
techniques that are utilized when creating and manipulation L-PRFTMmembranes.Upon
completion of this hand-on workshop, the participants will have a better understanding of
the physiological mechanisms that are pertinent to membrane formation and that take place
during augmentation procedures. They will be more familiar with the strategies that enable
L-PRFTMto be such a beneficial aid during the healing process. During the hands-on exercises,
the participants will have the opportunity to work with the membrane-forming armamentarium
and to employ the techniques necessary for the fabrication of L-PRFTMmembranes and for
their correct clinical placement.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 24
Dr. Mohammad H. Nekoofar
Endodontist, DDs MSc DoIBoE PhD
Vice Dean (Global Strategies & International Affairs)
School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Honorary Clinical Lecturer
School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, UK
Basic Requirements of Dental Biomaterials in Endodontics
The launching of mineral trioxide aggregate in 1995 can be considered as the initiation
of the rocketed development of new biomaterials in the field of endodontics.
Imperatively, any new biomaterial must not be used for human being until subjected
to various defined independent experiments.
Obviously manufacturers of new materials cannot postpone marketing of their
materials and waiting for the results of the time consuming academic experiments.
Therefore they try to bypass some of the basic experiments. It becomes worse
when the inventor and the manufacturer of a material are same. In addition, the
essential physical and chemical properties of a material may ignore to expedite their
marketing.
In this presentation, basic and general requirements of dental biomaterials in the
field of Endodontics will be discussed and the lack of information about some of the
newly introduced biomaterials will be highlighted.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 25
Dr. Shahram Azimi, DDS, Ms
Endodontist, Iran
Pain Control
Effective pain control during and after endodontic treatment is an essential key
for the success of root canal therapy and also professional practice. One of the
challenging occasions for a clinician is to control and obtain deep anesthesia when
the patient has urgently been referred because of sharp and diffused pulpalgia. Even
experienced clinicians might face challenges to achieve deep numbness in case that
are so called ‘Hot tooth “.
Various theories such as decrease in PH, morphologic changes of neuron, expression
of new receptors on axon surface are among those that are currently debated.
While reviewing these theories as the probable causes of resistance against achieving
anesthesia, clinical solutions to overcome such problem would be discussed.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 26
Dr. Masoud Mojahedi, DDS, MSc, PhD
Associate Professor, Adjunct faculty member of RWTH Aachen University- Germany
PhD in Laser in Dentistry
Research in LASER Field
These days due to increasing the number of LASER users and dentists interests also
the lack of new research and evidence bases in this field so It is very important to
know how we should plan a research and how we can reach to the scientific target
and hope this short course can help to all dentist and students which are interested
to have scientific and academic activates.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 27
Dr. Amir Nazari, DDS, Ph.D
Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
NICOPE Corporation,
JAPAN
Toward Perfection in Operative Dentistry: Optical Coherence Tomography
Achieving perfection in operative dentistry requires perfection in diagnosis. Optical
Coherence Tomography (OCT) is a unique diagnostic modality which obtains real-
time 2D and 3D high-resolution scans of internal structures using non-ionizing near
infra-red spectra. Various applications of OCT have been suggested.
OCT may be used during caries diagnosis to detect shallow lesions; during examination
of a previously restored tooth to evaluate the condition of the restoration; during
cavity preparation to check the remaining dentin thickness over the pulp chamber;
during placement of resin composite into the cavity to check the proper adaptation
of the composite to the cavity surfaces; during post-operative stage to check for any
defects at the margins or presence of voids within the restoration.
The OCT technology is rapidly developing, and with no doubt, OCT can bring us
closer to perfection.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book Dr. Babak Behboudi
Vice President of Middle East and Oceania, International Institute of Marketing
Professionals (IIMP®)
The Applications of Marketing Research in Dental Research & Clinics
Despite of its attributes, marketing researches and studies have vast applications
in dental researches. There are a wide range of similarities in both researches and
studies that are looking for solving the key problems of patients. Whether we call
them clients or patients, the focus point of both marketing researches and dental
researches is human being; one is looking for understanding the needs, wants and
demands of a patient as a client for receiving better dental care services and cure,
and another is looking for exploring new cure for dental damages and ailments.
Every clinical research aims to develop a new solution for old or newly found ailments
and the successful solutions are those that can be commercialized in a manner that
could be applicable cost effectively by dentists.
However, there is a gap between the approaches of a solid dental care study and
research and those of marketing approaches to the same problem which can be
considered as the dark continent of commercialization of dental research and
studies. There is no doubt that if a dental care study or research can produce
commericializable solution, such a solution can be successfully developed to benefit
both dentists and their patience.
Every dental care solution should be considered as a product (or customer solution)
and, by considering the patient as a customer, needs to be delivered through a precise
marketing mix including the critical elements of customer solution, cost to customer,
convenience to customer, communication to customer, considering the culture of
customer, customer care process and context of the solution for the customer.
This article strives to clarify the common context of clinical researches and studies
with marketing research and studies in dental care context and the key factors that
should be considered in commercializing the dental care solution and products.

Workshops

9
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Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 30
Dr. Haleh Heshmat, DDS, MS
Specialist in Restorative Dentistry
Assistant Professor
Azad Dental University, Dental Branch, Iran
All About Resin Cements
Clinicians might be familiar with the quality and indications of conventional dental
cements that historically have been used frequently.
But it appears that many yet become confused when it comes to handling self-etch
or self-adhesive cements.
In this workshop an extensive presentation of resin cements and recent generations
of self-adhesive resin cements shall be given. Chemical composition, its effect on
the setting reaction and adhesion to various substrates, physical and biological
properties and other material aspects along with clinical points and handling
guidelines shall be discussed.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 31
Faramarz Mojtahedzadeh, DMD, MS, MMed
Orthodontist, Iran
Forced Eruption
Forced eruption (FE) is a simple orthodontic movement which basically intends to
extrude the tooth structure. FE can be carried out in different occasions and with
different intentions, and once a dentist becomes familiar with it, he or she could take
advantage of it in many fields as an adjunctive treatment. The method presented in
this workshop has the advantage that it requires minimum a recall of orthodontic
knowledge. As it does not require conventional fixed orthodontic appliances and
designs, the complex biomechanical interactions seen with brackets can be easily
bypassed.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 32
Dr. Sepideh Banava, DDS, MS
Specialist in Restorative Dentistry
Assistant Professor
Head of Dental Materials Department
Azad Dental University, Dental Branch, Iran
All About Adhesive Systems
Different adhesive systems in the market make us so confused. Various classifications,
different application steps and compositions are so compromising. Selection between
total etch and self etch adhesive systems is a question for dentists.
Newly introduced adhesive generations are more self-etch with better properties
claims. Dentists Need to be aware of adhesive systems, properties, method of
application to make a proper decision in their clinical cases.
In this workshop all questions about the new generation of adhesives will be covered.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 33
Dr. Shahram Azimi, DDS, Ms
Endodontist, Iran
Rotary Instrument in Dentistry
In this hands-on workshop the clinical tips on application of rotary instruments in
endodontics will be discussed.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 34
Dr. Arash Rahimi, DDS, MSc
Iran
Application of Diode Laser in Dentistry
Laser technology is quickly evolving with the presence of newer lasers, along with
new indications, that are constantly being introduced. The use of lasers has become
a major discipline and is currently practiced in dentistry.
This workshop offers practical usage of diode laser in dentistry.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 35
Omid Moghaddas, DDS, MS
Periodontist, , DentalXP Expert, Iran
Ridge Splitting with Piezosurgery
Inserting dental implants in a proper position is one of the most influential factors
in achieving success not only from the biomechanical point of view but also from
prosthetic and esthetic. In some patients there is not enough available bone so
different modalities in ridge augmentation have been proposed for recreating a
proper bony bed. Ridge splitting is one of the techniques for increasing the width of
the available bone present and has its own criteria. In the workshop the indications,
contraindications and probable complications that may happen intra-operatively will
be discussed and participants will have a hands on training on animal models.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 36
Dr.Haleh Kazemi Yazdi, DDS, MS
Specialist in Restorative Dentistry
Assistant Professor
Azad Dental University, Dental Branch, Iran
Management of Tooth Wear, Functionally & Aesthetically with Supra-Occlusion
Composite Restorations
According to the latest epidemiological survey, prevalence of tooth wear is increasing
significantly among young and elder patients. Restorative management of worn
dentition is a great challenge in general dental practice when tissue loss involves the
articulating surface. Short clinical crown height of worn teeth and inadequate space
to accommodate a proper restoration can compromise the vitality of worn teeth and
resistance of restorations. Using supra-occlusion restorations to restore tooth wear
is both reliable and predictable .Reliability and predictability of direct bonding to
residual tooth tissue, widened the indication of direct composite restorations from
just a single tooth build up to a practical option for full mouth rehabilitation. In
spite of a few problems such as discoloration and chipping of restorations; a stable
occlusion can be achieved with this treatment. The objective of this brief will be
illustrating techniques and considerations of restoring worn teeth utilizing supra-
occlusion composite restorations.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 37
Dr.Fariba Motevasselian, DDS, MS
Specialist in Restorative Dentistry, Iran
Management of tooth wear
The term tooth wear is a general term that can be used to describe the surface loss
of dental hard tissues from causes other than dental caries, trauma or as a result of
developmental disorders.
It is subdividing into those where the severity of tooth wear may be considered to be
normal or physiological for that person’s age, or excessive, pathological to the extent
that it is associated with functional or aesthetic concerns and is disproportionate for
the age of the patient and symptoms of discomfort are present.
Treatment plan includes the management of any acute conditions, prevention,
stabilization of any underlying dental pathology, placement of definitive dental
restorations and final stage involves monitoring and maintenance. It is important
to institute review stages in passing from one stage to the next one. While for
many cases of pathological tooth wear, a passive management and monitoring
may suffice, for a proportion of cases active restorative intervention will become
necessary. Active restorative intervention will be subdivided into that for localized
wear (Maxillary anterior teeth, Mandibular anterior teeth, localized posterior teeth)
and generalized wear.
The restorative intervention in three localized tooth and one generalized tooth wear
cases are presented.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 38
Dr.Ebrahim Aminsalehi, DDS, MS
Specialist in Restorative Dentistry
Assistant Professor
Azad Dental University, Dental Branch, Iran
The Clinical Tips on Ceramic Restorations
Nowadays request for esthetic restorations increase more and more. The main
reason is that people knows about our capability to create a beautiful and particularly
natural smile. Ceramic laminates and crowns are ideal restorations for anterior and
posterior teeth but when they can show their ideal performances that practitioner
have enough knowledge about composition, variety, advantages, disadvantages,
indications and contraindications of these materials.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 39
Dr. Brigitte Douaihy, DDS
Professional Service Manager
GC Middle East
Composite Restorations: New Concepts and Applications
In modern dentistry, composite restorations occupies a major place in our daily
practice. This workshop covers all new concepts and techniques in anterior esthetic
restorations and in posterior cases.
Minimum Intervention: A way to Go
Prevention and conserving tooth structure are of a major importance for both
dentists and patients.
During this workshop we will propose a new way to take in charge the patient and
to assess the risk factors all this in order to put in place the optimal treatment plan.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book
40
This symposium is a cooperation between WHO Collaborative Center, SBMU,
Tehran, Iran and Iranian Division of IADR.
Dr. Ali Khader: How can we develop comprehensive preventive strategies at the
regional level: what should the specific time line priorities be, should these be
disease specific? Which social and environmental health determinants should be
incorporated and how?
Dr. Suleiman Mohammad: How can we measure oral health inequalities and who
should undertake this at the regional level? How can we establish a knowledge base
that uses a standard set of reporting criteria?
Dr. Mohammad H. Khoshnevisan: Upstream strategies- how best can researchers
and public health practitioners work together to develop, implement and evaluate
the effectiveness of upstream oral health improvement strategies?
Dr. Amjad Matouq: Promoting oral health advocacy - what opportunities exist at
local, national and international levels in developing oral health advocacy activities?
Dr. Salahudeen AlBulushi: Future research priorities -what are the future priorities in
oral health inequalities research? What are the training needs for the next generation
of dental researchers to equip them to work effectively on inequalities agenda?
IADR-WHO Symposium

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book
41
Dr. Keivan Saati, DDS, MS
Specialist in Restorative Dentistry
Assistant Professor
Azad Dental University, Dental Branch, Iran
All About Bleaching
Dental bleaching, also known as tooth whitening, is a common procedure in
general dentistry. According to the FDA, whitening restores natural tooth color and
bleaching whitens beyond the natural color. There are many methods available,
such as brushing, bleaching strips, bleaching pen, bleaching gel, and laser bleaching.
Bleaching methods use carbamide peroxide which reacts with water to form hyDr.
ogen peroxide. Carbamide peroxide has about a third of the strength of hyDr.ogen
peroxide.. The peroxide oxidizing agent penetrates the porosities in the rod-like
crystal structure of enamel and breaks down stain deposits in the dentin.
Causes of tooth discoloration : A child’s deciduous teeth are generally whiter than
the adult teeth that follow. As a person ages the adult teeth often become darker due
to changes in the mineral structure of the tooth, as the enamel becomes less porous
and phosphate-deficient. Teeth can become stained by bacterial pigments, food-
goods and vegetables rich with carotenoids or xanthonoids. Certain antibacterial
medications (like tetracycline) can cause teeth stains
Other causes: Tetracyclines Enamel hypoplasia Fluorosis Age of the tooth Tea Coffee
Tobacco ( tar ) Mate Wine and cola Dr.inks consumed in excess Other foods and oral
tobacco products with strong content of pigments Chlorhexidine
Method :According to the American Dental Association, different whitening methods
include in-office bleaching, which is applied by a professional dentist; at-home
bleaching, which is used at home by the patient; over-the-counter, which is applied
by patients
The ADA recommends to have one’s teeth checked by a dentist before undergoing
any whitening method. The dentist should examine the patient thoroughly: take a
health and dental history observe hard and soft tissues, placement and conditions

42
of restorations, and sometimes x-rays to determine the nature and depth of possible
irregularities.
. Bleaching is not recommended if teeth have decay or infected gums. It is least
effective when the original tooth color is grayish and may require custom bleaching
trays. Bleaching is most effective with yellow discolored teeth.
In-office : In-office bleaching procedures generally use a light-cured protective layer
that is carefully painted on the gums and papilla to reduce the risk of chemical
burns to the soft tissues. The bleaching gel typically contains between 10% and 44%
carbamide peroxide, which is roughly equivalent to a 3% to 16% hyDr.ogen peroxide
concentration.
Internal bleaching :Internal bleaching procedures are performed on devitalized
teeth that have undergone endodontic treatment (a.k.a. “Root Canal”) but are
discolored due to internal staining of the tooth structure by blood and other fluids
that leaked in. Bleaching the tooth internally involves Dr.illing a hole to the pulp
chamber, cleaning, sealing, and filling the root canal with a rubber-like substance,
and placing a peroxide gel or sodium perborate tetrahyDr.ate into the pulp chamber
so they can work directly inside the tooth on the dentin layerIn this variation of
whitening the whitening agent is sealed within the tooth over a period of some days
and replaced as needed, the so-called “walking bleach” technique
At-home :Commercial whitening products intended for home use include gels,
chewing gums, rinses, toothpastes, among others. The ADA has published a list of
accepted over-the-counter whitening products to help people choose appropriate
whitening products.
High-concentration home bleaching uses carbamide peroxide. Whitening is performed
by applying a high concentration of oxidizing agent to the teeth with thin plastic trays
for a short period of time, which produces quick results. The application trays ideally
should be well-fitted to retain the bleaching gel, ensuring even and full tooth exposure
to the gel. Trays will typically stay on the teeth for about 15–20 minutes. Trays are then
removed and the procedure is repeated up to two more times.
Low-concentration whitening is far less effective. Low-concentration whitening
involves purchasing a thin mouth guard or strip that holds a relatively low
concentration of oxidizing agent next to the teeth for as long as several hours a day
for a period of 5 to 14 days. Results can vary, depending on which application is
chosen, with some people achieving whiter teeth in a few days, and others seeing
very little results or no results at all.
9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book

Oral & Poster Presentation
Abstracts in order of ID numbers

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 44
181423
Biomimetic Synthetic Enamel: A Potential Remineralizing Agent for Enamel Repair
H. BAGHERI G
1
, F. SHAFIEI
2
, T.S. JAFARZADEH KASHI
3
, and M. BEHROOZIBAKHSH
3
,
1
Institue for research in Dental Sciences/School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical
Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
2
Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
3
Research Center
for Science and Technology in Medicine; Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Objectives: Currently, remineralizing agents are being considered as a preventive
strategy to stop the mineral loss process and to alter the oral conditions toward
remineralization. Up to now, fluoride or calcium phosphate containing systems have
been introduced to remineralize the defected enamel tissue. Recently polypeptides
have been used for regulation of the mineralization process. The aim of this study
was to evaluate the regulatory capacity of leucine-rich amelogenin peptide (LRAP)
on the calcium phosphate mineralization.
Methods: Mineralization solutions were prepared to yield final concentration of 2.5
mM Ca
+2
, 1.5 mM phosphate, and 2 mg/ml LRAP (GL Biochem China) (pH=7.2). 1 ppm
F- was added to the selected solutions to study the effect of fluorine ion. Calcium
phosphate or fluorine-containing (1 ppm) solutions were used as the controls.
The solutions were incubated at 37°C for 72 h. Transmission electron microscopy
(TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and selected electron area diffraction (SAED)
techniques were used to study the mineralization characteristics.
Results: SAED analysis revealed diffraction patterns corresponding to the apatite
structure in all solutions. TEM analysis showed that in LRAP-containing solutions
fibers of hydroxyapatite or fluoroapatite arranged in bundles, while in solutions
without LRAP, the crystallization occurred without that arrangement. AFM imaging
showed the hierarchical prismatic assembly of HA and FA crystals, similar to the
enamel structure.
Conclusions: LRAP can regulate the crystallization of calcium phosphate and produce
prismatic structures like dental enamel. Therefore, LRAP-CP has the potential to be
used as a remineralizing agent for enamel reconstruction.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 45
181508
Adherence of Iranian Dentists to Information Technology
S. MOHEBBI, M. BONABI, M.R. EBRAHIMPOUR, M. SAHEBJAMEE, and A.J. ABBASI, Tehran University
of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Objectives: In the health field, there have been fast development and expansion of
use of information and communication technology (ICT) such as navigation portals,
telemedicine and dentistry, remote medicine and dentistry, and patient data-storing.
This study aimed to assess the knowledge and usage of professional IT applications
among dentists.
Methods: The data were collected by a self-administered validated questionnaire
distributed among dentists participating in the 52
nd
International Congress of Iranian
Dental Association and a random sample of dentists working in Tehran. It included
7 questions about knowledge, 8 questions on backgrounds, 10 questions on general
usage of IT, and 3 questions on the professional usage of IT. The data were entered
into SPSS version 18 and the statistical analyses were performed by ANOVA, NPAR
test, and regression modeling.
Results: From the total of 303 general practitioners, 30.4% were male and 11 dentists
(3.6%) indicated that they had no access to a personal computer. Some of the most
popular sites used by dentists were Google (94.3%) and social network of Facebook
(69.8%). Those with higher scores in general usage of IT had more consulted with
their patients through the Internet. The practice of professional IT was more in men
and among those with higher general usage of IT.
Conclusions: This study was a preliminary evaluation of the topic among oral health
professions indicating IT to be almost available to most but not all dentists in Iran.
Dentists participating in the study had insufficient knowledge and their professional
IT usage is defective and weak, needing more consideration and training.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 46
181684
Fracture Resistance of Posts in Full-Coverage Restorations of Primary Incisors

A. BAGHALIAN
1
, M. RANJPOUR
2
, T. HOOSHMAND
3
, and A. EBRAHIMI
2
,
1
Qazvin University of Medical
Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
2
Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran,
3
School of Dentistry/
Research Center for Science and Technology in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences,
Tehran, Iran
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fracture resistance of 4
different posts in full-coverage restorations of severely decayed primary incisors.
Methods: 50 primary incisors were selected for this study and all the teeth were
sectioned 1 mm above the CEJ. After filing and irrigation of root canal space, the
canals were obturated with metapex and 3 mm of post space was prepared inside
the canals. Intact glass fiber post, split-ended glass fiber post, composite resin post,
and orthodontic wire γ post were used as intracanal posts. The final composite resin
restoration was done by using pedodontic strip crown. After thermocycling the
specimens, the fracture resistance was measured using a universal testing machine.
Results: The mean fracture resistance of split-ended glass fiber posts was higher
than that of other posts; however, there was no significant difference between any
of the groups (P>0.05).
Conclusions: Split-ended glass fiber posts seem to be a more appropriate option for
full-coverage restorations in primary incisors.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 47
182551
Human and Animal Bone Substitutes for Augmentation before Implant Placement

A. KESHVAD, Shahed University, School of Clinical Dentistry, Tehran, Iran, and T. HOOSHMAND,
School of Dentistry/Research Center for Science and Technology in Medicine, Tehran University of
Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare 2 commercially available human
and animal derived bone grafts to augment partially edentulous human bone prior
to implant placement for those volunteers with insufficient host bone.
Methods: According to the exclusion and inclusion criteria, 12 healthy volunteers
(6 in each group) who accepted our protocol and consented for the study were
selected. Similar or identical bone particle sizes were selected from the two products,
namely Bio-Oss™ (as an animal derived bone) and Faraz-Kish™ (as a human derived
bone), in each surgical approach to augment the partially edentulous areas that had
insufficient width or height for placing implants of 10 mm or more. The decision
of bone quantity was based on the cone beam computerized tomography (CBCT)
obtained in one center by only one radiologist. One edentulous area for each patient
on the same jaw was left non-grafted to act as a control group and one edentulous
area was grafted with one material for comparison. Xenograft and allograft groups
were compared with each other and with their corresponding control groups using
before and after values reported on the digital CBCTs.
Results: To obtain post grafting results, 6 months laps’ period was considered as
a proper time before the grafted area was subjected to control CBCT. This and the
number of subjects necessary to draw a conclusion took 3 years for the study to
complete. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Walis test and the level of significance
was set at P<0.05. The results showed significant differences between the grafted
and non-grafted areas. Comparison between the xeno and allografts also showed
significant differences in the amount of bone obtained after grafting.
Conclusions: Human derived bone grafts showed better bone quality and quantity
after 6 months of grafting as opposed to animal derived bone substitutes.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 48
182850
Bone Debris vs. Allografts in Repairing Implant Buccal Bone Dehiscence

A. PARHIZ, and M. JAFAR GHOLIZADEH, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
Objectives: Assessment of success rate of use of bone debris and allograft biomaterial
in reducing gingival complications in implants in which some threads are exposed.
Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 17 patients (9 male, 8 female) and 30
implants, with collar thread exposure, were entered. Patients with systemic disease
(even controlled disease) and poor oral hygiene were excluded. Selection of grafted
material for each patient was done randomly using flash cards. After implantation and
putting the grafted material on the exposed threads, a collagen membrane was put on
it and the surgical site was sutured tightly. In 14 implants bone debris was used and in
16 implants allografts (DBA+MBA, TBI) to cover the exposed threads. The second stage
was done at least 2 months later. To save the keratinized gingiva, the tissue punch was
not used. Three and 12 months after cementing the crown, three clinical complications
were assessed: Collar exposure, Thread exposure, Metal shadow
Results: Data were analyzed using SPSS software, Pearson Chi-square test, and
Fisher’s Exact test. In the first follow-up there was no complication. In the second
follow-up, there was thread exposure in three implants (18.8%) of allograft group
which was not seen in the bone debris group. However, these differences were not
statistically significant (P=0.228). There was metal shadow in two implants (14.3%)
of bone debris group after 12 months while it was seen only in one implant (6.3%)
of allograft group. This difference was not statistically significant (P=0.586). Collar
exposure was seen in seven implants (50%) of bone debris group and (43.8%) of
allograft group. This difference was not significant either.
Conclusions: Although results of using bone debris and allograft had no statistical
difference, in 14 (46.6%) implants one of the mentioned complications arose.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 49
182855
Role of Titanium Mesh in Reconstruction of Ridge Deficiencies

O. MOGHADDAS, Islamic Azad University, Dental Branch, Tehran, Tehran, Iran
Objectives: Sufficient quality and quantity of bone is mandatory for achieving success
in implant dentistry from biomechanical and esthetic points of view.
Methods: 25 patients (16 male, 9 female) with horizontal and vertical deficiencies
enrolled in this study. Titanium mesh plus freeze-dried bone allograft (FDBA) were
utilized to augment the deficient areas. Evaluations were done at baseline (pre-op)
and 8 months after, during a reentry surgery for implant placement with periodontal
probes and caliper. Independent t-test was used to compare the differences.
Results: Bone graft materials were almost completely incorporated with the vital
bone and mean gain in width of 4.6 mm and in height of about 3.2 mm were achieved.
Conclusions: Utilizing titanium mesh with low turnover rate bone grafts is a good
alternative with great tissue compatibility, low risk of contamination and easy
handling, especially in advanced cases.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 50
182883
Reverse Contrast Digital Radiography in Root Fracture Diagnosis

F. FARSHCHI, Azad Dental University, Tehran, Iran
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic precision of
reverse contrast option from Cygnus Ritter CCD Intra-oral Digital sensor, compared
to original digital radiographs, in detection of vertical root fracture.
Methods: 100 extracted single-rooted human teeth (50 non-fractured and 50
fractured) were placed singly in a skull socket. The radiographs were taken in 2
methods: Digital radiographs using a Cygnus Ritter CCD sensor and then reverse
contrast option was applied to the original radiographs. 2 maxillofacial radiologists
and an endodontist observed the original digital radiographs and their reverse
contrast option counterparts to detect vertical root fractures and recorded them
in a 5-grade scale. The data were analyzed with a proportion test and processed
with SPSS 14.
Results: Statistical analysis showed a sensitivity of 84.7% with CI: 95% for the Reverse
contrast option to detect vertical root fractures (P>0.05). The specificity was shown
as 61.3% (P>0.05). The Positive Predictive Value was calculated as 77.8% (P>0.05)
and Negative Predictive Value as 68.6% (P>0.05).The Accuracy was 73% (P>0.05)
Conclusions: The Reverse contrast option of Cygnus Ritter CCD Sensor did not show
a significantly higher diagnostic accuracy compared to original digital radiographs
made with that sensor.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 51
182884
The Effect of OTC Bleaching Products on Enamel Microhardness

N. NOURBAKHSH
1
, E. JAFARPOUR
1
, and S. NEMATI ANARAKI
2
,
1
Islamic Azad Dental university of
Tehran, Tehran, Iran,
2
Islamic Azad Dental university, Tehran, Iran
Objectives: OTC bleaching materials which have been accepted in society may affect
properties of enamel microhardness. The aim of this study was to compare the effect
of three kinds of OTC bleaching materials (White strip, paint on, and toothpaste) one
enamel microhardness of human third molar before and after bleaching treatment.
Methods: In this experimental study of enamel specimens, 45 freshly extracted
human third molar were prepared and divided in to three groups of white strips,
paint on, and toothpaste. Each material was used according to the manufacturers
(Crest and Rapidwhite) instructions. Vickers microhardness test was performed for
all groups. Data were analyzed by repeated measure ANOVA and LSD test.
Results: Microhardness values of white strips, paint on, and tooth paste groups
before and after bleaching treatment were 305.60±51.70 and 289.20±54.24/286.53
±62.10&276.13±61.75/256.60±39.77&253.06±38.62, respectively. One-way ANOVA
showed significant differences among three OTC groups (P<0.001). There was also
significant difference among the value of enamel microhardness before and after the
bleaching in each group (P<0.001).
Conclusions: Whitening OTC products affect enamel microhardness. White strips and
paint on decreased the microhardness more than whitening toothpaste. Consumers
should be aware of these OTC products side effects and use them conservatively.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 52
182902
Effect of GC Tooth Mousse and MI Paste Plus on Dental Plaque Acidity

H. HESHMAT, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Dental Materials, Islamic Azad University
Dental Branch, Tehran, Iran, Tehran, Iran, H. ABDIAN, Dentist, Tehran, Iran, and F. FARAJI, School of
Dentistry,Islamic Azad University.Tehran.Iran, Tehran, Iran
Objectives: Reduction in plaque pH after consuming sugary materials is effective in
dissolving minerals on enamel surface. Casein phosphopeptid-Amorphous Calcium
Phosphate (GC Tooth Mousse), is a paste with available type of Calcium Phosphate
rather than ions of calcium and phosphate that is in the saliva. The new composition
of this paste called MI Paste Plus is presented with 900 ppm fluoride (CPP-ACPF).
Utilizing this paste can help neutralize the pH of bacterial plaque. In this study the
effect of CPP-ACP and CPP-ACPF were evaluated on neutralizing the plaque pH during
different times.
Methods: This clinical study has been done on 40 students. Plaque acidity (pH)
at distal of first molar were evaluated before and 10 minutes after 10% sucrose
consumption. In the next step, CPP-ACP and CPP-ACPF pastes were used as directed
on tooth surface. Plaque pH was assessed 30 and 60 minutes, 24, 48, 72 and 96
hours after application, data were recorded and analyzed by Repeated Measure
ANOVA statistical method (P<0/05) .
Results: Both CPP-ACP and CPP-ACPF increased plaque pH levels, identically for the
first 48 hours. The pattern differed after this period.
Conclusions: The effect of CPP-ACP and CPP-ACPF were identical until 48 hours, but
CPP-ACPF can be increased the pH until 96 hours.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 53
182903
Porcelain Laminate Fracture Resistance on Incisal Reduction less than 2mm

E. AMINSALEHI, K. SAATI, A. DARNAHAL, and S. NEJAD KARIMI, Islamic Azad University Dental
Center, Tehran, Iran
Objectives: In the past decade, the demand for more durable and esthetic anterior
restoration like porcelain laminate veneer has increased. The main reason for
failure in this treatment is porcelain fracture. Therefore, tooth preparation plays an
important role in fracture resistance of porcelain laminate veneer. Obviously proper
choice of incisal reduction is an important factor to increase fracture resistance.
The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the fracture resistance of porcelain
laminate veneer dependent on the size of incisal reduction at less than 2 millimeter.
Methods: In this experimental study, 40 caries-free maxillary central incisors were
divided into four groups (n=10). While the control group remained unprepared, in
the second, third, and fourth groups the preparation included 1 mm, 1.5 mm and
2 mm of incisal edge respectively. 30 feldespatic ceramic veneers were bonded by
light cure luting cement (Choice 2). After that, specimens were loaded by universal
testing machine under increasing force (1 mm/min cross head speed – 135 force
angle degree) 0.5 mm lower than incisal edge until fracture was accrued. Finally,
fracture loads were recorded on newton unit.
Results: The mean fracture forces for control, 1 mm, 1.5 mm and 2 mm groups were
1089.4±276.49, 921.56±399.78, 894.46 ± 538.35, and 877.28±371.5 respectively.
Besides, cohesive fracture in second, third, and fourth groups were 6, 6, and 4
respectively. Also, adhesive fractures (between cement and porcelain) were 1, 1, and
2 and adhesive fractures (between cement and tooth) were 3, 2, and 3 respectively.
However, in third and fourth groups one crack in porcelain without fracture was seen.
Conclusions: Under limitations of this study from fracture resistance point of
view there was no significant difference between control group and the three
other groups (P>0.05).

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 54
182909
Effect of Fluoride and Chlorhexidine Varnishes on Interproximal Plaque pH

S. BANAVA
1
, S. ASKARZADEH
2
, D. NIKNAM
3
, and S. ABDOLLAHZADEH
2
,
1
Islamic Azad University
Dental Branch, Tehran, Iran,
2
Dental Branch , Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran,
3
Islamic Azad
University Dental Center, Tehran, Iran
Objectives: Dental plaque characteristics are responsible for occurrence of dental
caries. If the plaque pH reduces to 5.2-5.5 the demineralization procedure will start.
Increasing the plaque pH could be effective on slowing down the demineralization
process. The aim of this clinical study was to evaluate the effect of fluoride and
chlorhexidine varnishes on plaque pH of children aged 2-15 years old.
Methods: In this triple-blind randomized controlled clinical trial 46 children aged
2-15 who met the inclusion criteria entered the study and were divided into
two age groups of 2-6 and 6-15 by Stratified Randomization. Participants were
randomly allocated in the three following groups: Group 1 (Control): No varnish
application, Group 2: Chlorhexidine varnish (Cervitec Plus, Ivoclar V), and Group 3:
Fluoride varnish (Fluor Protector, Sultan Healthcare Inc, USA). In the first session,
the baseline pH of inter-proximal dental plaque of all participants was measured
by pH Plaque Indicator Kit (GC America, USA) and then the related varnishes were
applied according to the manufacturer instructions in each group. The application of
varnishes was done by dental floss into the proximal surfaces. After 1 and 3 months,
the interproximal plaque pH was measured again. The data were analyzed by Kruskal
wallis test and set to 0.05.
Results: Statistical analysis showed that once application of none of the varnishes
could change the interproximal plaque pH significantly in different groups and
different times (P>0.05).
Conclusions: Applying fluoride varnish or chlorhexidine varnish did not cause any
changes in the interproximal pH plaque in different groups in comparison to the
control group. Varnish application of more than once is recommended and needs
further research.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 55
182913
The Role of HIV Infection on Oral Pigmentation

S. LESAN, M. SADAT KHODAEI, M.A. OUSIA, A. AZIZI, and A. NAJAFPOUR, Islamic Azad
University,Dental branch,Tehran,Iran, Tehran, Iran
Objectives: Diffuse or Multifocal Mucocutaneous pigmentation has been frequently
described as a clinical feature of HIV+/AIDS person. The purpose of this study was
to determine the role of HIV+/AIDS on oral pigmentation in Tehran Imam Khomeini
hospital’s patients and their control group during 2009-2010.
Methods: In this historical cohort study (cross sectional study) 35 HIV+ patients (case
group) and 35 HIV- patients (control group) who referred to the infectious, surgery,
or gynecology department of Tehran Imam Khomeini hospital were examined and
evaluated. Both groups were matched for age, sex, cigarette smoking, alcohol
consumption, OCP using, and pregnancy. The study was done by observation, clinical
examination, and interviewing the patients in addition to reviewing their medical
files and completing the questionnaire. Oral pigmentation was recorded. The data
were analyzed by chi-squared, exact fisher test.
Results: In this study 70 individuals were examined which were equally divided into
case and control groups. The prevalence of oral pigmentation was 22.9% (N=8) in
the case group and 17.1% (N=6) in the control group. The prevalence of melanin
pigmentation in control group was less than healthy individuals but there was no
statistically significant difference between the case and control group (P=0.5).
Conclusions: Since there was no significant difference in oral pigmentation in HIV+
and HIV- patients, it can be concluded that in this study, HIV infection does not have
any role on oral pigmentation.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 56
182923
Clinical Effectiveness of Laser on Postoperative Hypersensitivity

H.-. MOOSAVI
1
, F.-. MALEKNEJAD
2
, M.-. SHARIFI
1
, and F.-. AHRARI
1
,
1
Dental Materials Research
Center, Mashhad, Iran,
2
Dental Material Research Center, Mashhad, Iran
Objectives: Postoperative hypersensitivity may be one of the drawbacks of every
tooth operation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Indium Gallium
Aluminum Arsenide Phosphate laser on postoperative hypersensitivity in cervical
lesions.
Methods: In this randomized controlled clinical trial, 31 patients were included.
Teeth were assigned randomly two groups of with or without irradiation by laser. In
the experimental group the same clinical procedure was used as the control group,
except applying laser emission before filling. Self-etch adhesive; Clearfil SE Bond,
was applied and cavities restored with composite resin; Clearfil APX. Preoperative
and 1-day, 2-, and 4-week-postoperative hypersensitivity were recorded for both
groups using an 11-point visual analog scale filled out by subjects. The analyses were
conducted to determine whether any correlation or association existed between
with or without laser irradiation during several follow-ups. Data were analyzed by
Wilcoxson and Friedman test.
Results: Laser irradiation had a significantly higher desensitizing effect compared
with the control group after treatment. Significant differences were observed
between the laser and control groups at every follow-up examination. For the laser
and control group, the differences between baseline and all time points following
the treatment were statistically significant.
Conclusions: Laser irradiation is an effective method in the reduction of postoperative
sensitivity compared with non-irradiated treatment.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 57
182924
Degree of Conversion of Low-Shrinkage Composites Photo-Activated by LED and
Halogen

T. HOOSHMAND, School of Dentistry/Research Center for Science and Technology in Medicine,
Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, K. FAMILI, School of Dentistry, Tehran University
of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, and A. KESHVAD, Shahed University, School of Clinical Dentistry,
Tehran, Iran
Objectives: To assess and compare the degree of conversion and micohardness of
different resin-based restorative materials consisting of conventional methacrylate-
based, silorane-based, and new urethane dimethacrylate-based composites as a
function of light curing units (Quartz-Tungsten-Halogen (QTH) and Light Emitting
Diode (LED)).
Methods: To obtain the specimens, a circular matrix of stainless steel was used.
Composite materials (Tetric Nceram, Filtek Silorane and Kalore GC) were put into the
mold and pressed under 500 gr siker. The specimens were cured by either Bluephase
LED for 20 s, or Coltolux halogen for 40 s. Degree of conversion was measured
using FT-IR spectroscopy. Vickers microhardness of top and bottom surfaces was
also evaluated. To compare the degree of conversion and microhardness between
composites, Kruskall-Wallis test and pairwise comparison were used. Mann-Whitney
U test was used for comparison of efficacy between the two light curing units.
Results: The degree of conversion or microhardness between bottom and top
surfaces of all test groups were significant (P<0.05). The degree of conversion or
microhardness for all the specimens polymerized by LED was significantly higher than
that of halogen (P<0.05). Filtek Silorane exhibited a better degree of polymerization
compared with that of other composites polymerized either by QTH or LED light
(P<0.05).
Conclusions: Silorane-based composite showed a better degree of polymerization
than that of other methacrylate-based composites. The degree of conversion and
Vickers microhardness were affected by the type of resin composite material, light
curing units, and curing depths.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 58
182926
Investigation of Implant Width on Distribution of Stress in Adjacent Bone

E. JAFARPOUR
1
, N. NOURBAKHSH
1
, and E. JALALIAN
2
,
1
Azad university of dentistry of Tehran, Tehran,
Iran,
2
Islamic Azad University Dental Center, Tehran, Iran
Objectives: Implant width has a significant role in distribution of stress and many
different studies have suggested different outcomes. The purpose of this study was
to determine the optimum width of implant for distribution of stress.
Methods: The current experimental research was implemented using photo elastic
method with wide variety of implant width including 3.3,3.7,5,6, 3.5 mm and similar
length equal to 10 mm. Plexiglass block with the same length and height of 33.5 and
35 mm and different width of implant were prepared so as there would be 1.5 mm
width around each implant. They were placed under the force of 157 and 65 N in 90
and 30 degree angles respectively by photo elastic device. The obtained images were
assimilated using Photoshop 650 x 760 and evaluated by image.
Results: Using the image J software colored analyzed images were obtained.
The analysis procedure was based on three color (red –white –blue) separation
technique. Three color separations resulted in a more investigation of spots which
later categorized into stress focused, stress free and modest stress groups. The
highest amount of stress focus was associated to 6 mm depth, 30 degree angle and
under 100 N force with partial fraction of ¼ or 25/100 and the lowest amount of
stress focus was associated with 3.7 mm depth, 90 degree angle and under the N
force.
Conclusions: With the increase of implant depth from 3.2 to 5 mm, the stress amount
of adjacent bone decreased and with increase in stress occurred. In the case of using
higher depth, the optimum depth seems to be 5 mm.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 59
182929
Quality Assessment of the Information Related to Fissure Sealant

F. NILCHIAN, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Esfahan, Iran, and L.
GHASEMI, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of information related
to pit and fissure sealant in general Persian Internet websites.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, by searching in Google engine, the websites
providing information about fissure sealant were found. The key words were “patient
education and fissure sealant”, checked by MeSH database. From 500 initial links, the
inadequate ones were eliminated according to exclusion criteria, and 37 websites
remained. These websites were evaluated through a checklist designed by the
researchers, the validity and reliability of which had been evaluated and confirmed.
Results: The average score of the quality of information was 22.46. The minimum
and maximum of obtained scores were 16 and 30, respectively. The total and ideal
number was 38.
Conclusions: Overall the quality of information related to fissure sealant in general
Internet sources was good, yet they did not cover the entire required information
which could be improved. The main problem of information was that they did not
provide creditable/credible and up-to-date sources.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 60
182944
Formulation of New Mucoadhesive Containing Phenytoin on Wound Healing

S. ALIREZAEI, resident, tehran, Iran, and M. BAHARVAND, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical
Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Objectives: Several studies have shown the wound healing effect of topical phenytoin,
which is applied by its effect on connective tissue intracellular matrix. However, there
are still some controversies about its effect on various kinds of wounds. This study
evaluated the effect of mucoadhesive paste compared to phenytoin mucoadhesive
paste on wound healing after oral biopsy. The importance of this study is that no
systemic treatment is used; therefore, side effects of such a treatment.
Methods: This study was a randomized double blind clinical trial. Parameters
included age, gender, tissue inflammation, degree of pain, and size of the ulcer. After
entering the study, patients were randomized into two groups. Both groups had oral
biopsy ulcers ranging between one and two centimeters. Patients in the first group
were treated by simple mucoadhesive paste, while patients in the second group
were treated by phenytoin mucoadhesive paste. Both pastes were applied for 5 days
after the biopsy. Statistical analysis was done using Mann-Whitney test.
Results: After the second and third appointments, it was observed that the rate of
wound healing and decrease in the size of the ulcers were significantly quicker in
the second group (P=0.001 and P=0.003 respectively) and the patients in the second
group reported less pain. Diameter of the inflammatory halo was not significantly
different between the two groups.
Conclusions: Applying phenytoin mucoadhesive paste on biopsy ulcers resulted in
accelerated wound healing and decrease in pain, but had no effect on the diameter
of the inflammatory halo.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 61
182961
Residual Root Thickness Evaluation after Pre-Flaring Using Gates Glidden Drills

N. MOHAMMADZADEH AKHLAGHI
1
, A. NAGHDI
2
, L. MOHAMMADIAN
2
, and E. BEHROUZ
2
,
1
Islamic
Azad University Dental Branch, Tehran, Iran,
2
Islamic Azad University Dental Center, Tehran, Iran
Objectives: To evaluate the residual root thickness in mesiolingual (ML) canals of
mandibular molars after pre-flaring using different sequences of Gates-Glidden (GG)
drills.
Methods: Computed tomography (CT) scans of the ML canals of 60 mandibular first
molars were provided from areas within 1, 2, 3, and 4 mm of the furcation area and
minimum initial root thickness (MIRT) of concave areas was measured at each level.
The samples were divided into two groups (G1 and G2) which were prepared by the
step-back and crown-down techniques, respectively. In both groups, anti-curvature
filing was used. On secondary CT images of the samples in the same position, the
minimum residual root thickness (MRRT) and the amount of removed dentin were
analyzed by t-test and ANOVA.
Results: There was no significant difference for MIRT between the two groups.
The MRRT was greater in the G2 group in all the sections, with no significant
difference between them. The average of MRRT was not less than 0.5 mm in any
of the groups or sections.
Conclusions: Based on the results of this study when the root thickness is appropriate
at first, GG drills used in any sequence may be suitable, safe, and cost effective for
pre-flaring of mesial canals of mandibular first molars with preserving the root
thickness of furcation areas.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 62
182962
Effects of bonding agent and sealant viscosity on sealant microleakage

S. SADEGHI, Assistant professor, Department of Orthodontics, Kerman Dental School, Kerman
University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran, F. MAZHARI, Associate professor, Department of
Pediatrics, Mashhad Dental School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, and M.
MEHRABKHANI, Assistant professor, Department of Pediatrics, Mashhad Dental School, Mashhad
University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
Objectives: Pit and fissures are susceptible to caries and this accounts for
approximately 80-90% of all permanent posterior teeth decay. Sealant placement
culminates in a 80% caries reduction after one year. An issue of concern in dentistry
is proper sealing following sealant placement. The purpose of this study was to
evaluate the effect of enamel bonding agent, dentin bonding agent, and sealant
viscosity on sealant microleakage occurrence.
Methods: 60 extracted human premolars were randomly divided into two equal
groups and each group was divided to three subgroups of 10 teeth. In Group 1,
Subgroup 1 after prophylaxis, enameloplasty, etching of occlusal surfaces with 38%
phosphoric acid gel, rinsing and drying, low viscosity sealant was applied and cured.
Group 1, Subgroup 2 received enamel bonding agent prior to low viscosity sealant
placement and cured. In Group 1, Subgroup 3 before low viscosity sealant placement,
dentin bonding agent was applied and cured. In Group 2 similar procedures were
performed except for applying high viscosity sealant. Specimens were thermocycled
for 500 cycles at 5°C and 55°C with dwell time of 10 second. Microleakage was
scored according to distance of dye penetration as: 0 = no dye penetration and 3 =
dye penetrates to underlying fissure.
Results: Statistical Analysis showed significant effect of sealant viscosity and bonding
agent on the microleakage scores (P=0.037). There was no significant difference
between dentin bonding agent and enamel bonding agent and no bonding agent
subgroups in the microieakage scores in both groups. Significant differences between
low viscosity sealant without applying bonding agent subgroup and high viscosity
sealant without applying bonding agent subgroup (P=0.041), and between dentin
bonding agent in low viscosity and high viscosity sealant subgroups (P=0.002) were
found.
Conclusions: The results of this study indicated that concurrent use of low viscosity
sealant and dentin bonding agent reduces the microleakage of pit and fissures.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 63
182963
Accuracy of Two Radiographic Methods in Diagnosis of Root Resorption

A. MESGARANI, and M. EHSANI, Assistant Professor, Faculty of Dentistry of Babol, Babol, Iran
Objectives: The aim of the current study was to evaluate the diagnosis accuracy of
external root resorption with conventional intraoral film radiography, CCD sensor,
and PSP sensor.
Methods: This in vitro study was performed on 80 extracted human sound
premolars. Artificial external root resorption were simulated using 0.8 mm, 1 mm,
1.2 mm, and 1.4 mm diameter round burs by drilling to the entire depth at apical
half of the mesial, distal, and buccal surface. Two dosages of radiography were used
(0.16 and 0.08 second in the conventional radiography, 0.08 and 0.04 in the digital
radiography).Three observers (one radiologist and two endodontists) examined the
images. Data were statistically analyzed by SPSS 17 software.
Results: Higher proportion of correct reading were obtained with the CCD receptor
(P=0.39). The best results were obtained when surfaces were without resorption
(P=0.001).The observers detected more cases with increasing the dose of radiography
and the size of cavity.
Conclusions: The CCD sensor was better than conventional intraoral film radiography
and conventional radiography is better than PSP sensor in detecting external root
resorption, although, there is no significant difference.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 64
182964
Relationship between Art (Painting) with Stress, Anxiety, Depression in Dentists

N. RAHSHENAS
1
, M.S. NAZARI
1
, K. NASIRI
1
, O. HAJ AGHAIE
1
, A. NAZARI
2
, and S. SHAHIDI
3
,
1
Islamic
Azad University Dental Center, Tehran, Iran,
2
Ahvaz Jundishapour University of Medical Sciences
(ajums), Ahvaz, Iran,
3
Shahid Beheshti of University, Tehran, Iran
Objectives: Art (painting) and its effects on reducing the stress, anxiety, and
depression of dentists were the aim of this research.
Methods: The research was done as historical cohort. Initially by using the list of
artist physicians association and artistic societies, the names of dentists engaged in
an artistic field (painting) were received. In this research, 80 samples were examined
from the viewpoints of stress, depression, and anxiety. After visiting these dentists,
their artistic activity and some specifications including age, gender, marital status,
engagement in a field of specialty, existence of a stressed and depressed person in
the family, and existence of specific events (divorce, death of a family member etc) in
life were examined and registered in the information form. Then a sample was then
taken from the non-artist group. These two groups were examined using a DASS-42
questionnaire and were statistically assessed by profiting from Mann-U-Whitney and
Chi-Square tests.
Results: There was a meaningful difference between the two groups of dentists (two
40-persons groups; 40 dentists who had artistic activity (painting) and 40 dentists
who did not). Among dentists who had artistic activity (painting), 32 persons (80%)
had normal stress, 40 persons (100%) had normal depression, and 40 persons (100%)
had normal anxiety. However, among dentists who did not have artistic activity, 7
persons (17.5%) had normal stress, 10 persons (25%) had normal depression, and 17
persons (42.5%) had normal anxiety.
Conclusions: The findings showed that dentists who did not have artistic activity
(painting), had more stress, anxiety, and depression than those who had artistic
activity. Some examinations of stress, depression, and anxiety in other artistic fields
is recommended.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 65
182965
Effect of Stress on Salivary Ion Content in Orthodontic Patients

H. RAHIMI, and F. AMINI, Islamic Azad University Dental Center, Tehran, Iran
Objectives: Psychological stress can alter the environment in favor of corrosion of
orthodontic alloys by changing the properties of saliva. This study aimed to assess
the effect of stress induction on salivary nickel and chromium content in fixed
orthodontic patients.
Methods: 30 patients were enrolled in this experiment. Saliva sample collection was
performed at four time points: T1, before insertion of orthodontic appliances; T2,
3 months after the initiation of orthodontic treatment, before induction of stress;
T3, 15 min following the induction of stress by Trier Social Stress Test; T4, 30 min
following the induction of stress. Ion content was measured by atomic absorption
Spectrophotometry. The obtained data were analyzed by repeated-measures
analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc Bonferroni test.
Results: The mean amount of salivary nickel increased from 11.88 ± 5.11 µg/L at T1
to 14.11 ± 5.31 µg/L at T4. This increase was found significant only at T4 compared
to T1. The average salivary chromium content changed from 4.09 ± 2.33 µg/L at T1 to
5.10 ± 3.28 µg/L at T4. None of the differences was significant for chromium.
Conclusions: In this study induction of stress led to a significant increase in nickel
release from orthodontic appliances into saliva. The salivary chromium content,
however, was not significantly altered, yet gradually increased.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 66
182970
SEM Evaluation of Intracanal Dentin Changes in Endodontically Treated Teeth:

M. MIRZAEI, department of operative devtidtry, Tehran University of medical science, tehran, Iran,
A. PAHLEVAN, department of operative dentistry,Tehran university of medical science, tehran, Iran,
F. MOTEVASELIAN, specialist in restorative dentistry, Tehran, Iran, and M. SHAMSEDDIN, dentist,
Tehran, Iran
Objectives: In recent years, different kinds of posts have been used in dentistry
that were manufactured according to bonding to intracanal dentin and can be used
by resin adhesive to root canal system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the
morphlogical structure of different parts of root dentin in endodontically treated
teeth and untreated teeth.
Methods: 18 human central incisors were selected for this study. 14 teeth were
divided into two groups of 7 in each control or experimental group. 4 central
incisor teeth were used to assess the histomorphologic view of dentin of crowns.
After endodontic treatment in the experimental group, the roots were cut in both
experimental and control group. The filling materials inside the canal including gutta-
percha and sealer were removed by pluggers. Root samples were cut from cervical
and middle part of root with diamond disc. Also, 4 crown samples were cut into
two halves by diamond disc to assess the dentin from upper and lateral view. The
samples were assessed by scanning electron microscope. The photographs were
taken from one third of apical, one third of middle of root canal, and the sections of
crowns to calculate the percentage of area occupied by dentinal tubules using Adobe
Photoshop software.
Results: The Mann-Whiteny test in analysis of dentinal tubule surface in different
parts of dentin surfaces showed statically significant difference (P=0.005).
Conclusions: It can be concluded that in treated teeth that a suitable substrate for
bonding is not available due to the presence of debris and residual of filling materials.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 67
182976
A Biocompatibility Comparison of Nanosilver Coated Gutta-Percha and Standard
Gutta-Percha

M.A. MOZAYENI, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, S.O. DIANAT,
Assistant Professor, Dept. of Endodontics, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical
Sciences,Tehran, tehran, Iran, and S. AZADNIA, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of
Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, Iran
Objectives: Gutta-percha has been the most widely used root canal filing material
because of its well-known low toxicity. A new kind of gutta-percha with nanosilver
coating has been synthesized by Iranian researchers and claimed to have antibacterial
and antifungal properties. The aim of this study was to compare biocompatibility of
nanosilver coated gutta-percha with normal gutta-percha in subcutaneous tissue of
rats.
Methods: In this in vivo study, biocompatibility was evaluated on subcutaneous tissue
of rats. The test materials were inserted into subcutaneous of two groups of 20, and
histopathological examinations were done 7 and 30 days after the implantation. In
each time period, 10 test cases and 1 negative control were used and inflammation
was evaluated using conventional transmitted light microscopy. The results of the
inflammatory reactions were tested with Mann–Whitney U-Test, Wilcoxon Signed
Ranks Test, Fisher Exact Test, and Mc Nemar Test.
Results: In 7 days period, inflammation induced by nanosilver coated gutta-
percha was significantly more than normal gutta-percha (P<0.001). After 30 days,
inflammation response of two test groups were significantly different (P<0.001).
There was no sign of inflammation in normal gutta-percha group, whereas mild
inflammation was reported in test cases associated with nanosilver coated gutta-
percha. In both time periods formation of collagenized-fibrous tissue was observed.
Conclusions: Considering the fact that inflammation response decreased in both test
groups, and after 30 days in test cases associated with silver coated gutta-percha
mild inflammation was present, and also the presence of collagenized-fibrous
tissue in both groups which is a sign of healing, it can be concluded that there is no
contraindication in clinical usage of nanosilver coated gutta-percha.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 68
182979
Internal Evaluation of Operative Dentistry Department of Tehran University

L. RANJBAR OMRANI, Assistant Professor, operative dentistry department, Faculty of Dentistry,
Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, and M. MIRZAEI, department of operative
dentistry, Tehran University of medical science, Tehran, Iran
Objectives: Internal evaluation is the measurement of abilities and potentials. The
aim of internal evaluation is promoting the quality of education, research, health,
and treatment. The goal of education is creating appropriate and growing changes
in students. The aim of this research was to determine the effective factors in the
operative dentistry department and determining points of strength, weakness,
opportunities and threats of this department in order to improve programs and
activities after this research.
Methods: This research was a descriptive and analytical study. The method of study
was cross sectional. In this evaluation, 11 important factors were taken into account.
Data were collected by questioner. Research was analyzed and was expressed as raw
data and percentage.
Results: The score of the restorative and esthetic dentistry department as the
main factor is 3.45 out of 5 that is (69.11%). Factors were scored as follows: 1 –
Mission and goals: 3.77 (75.6%), 2 – Management and organization: 3.13 (62.75%),
3 – Faculty members: 3.53 (70.7%), 4 – Students: 2.99 (59.9%), 5 – Teaching and
learning process: 3.21 (64.27 %), 6 – Training courses and curriculum: 3.32 (66.52%),
7 – Graduate students: 3.78 (75.6%), 8 – Educational and research facilities and
equipments: 3.08 (61.7%), 9 – Research: 2.73 (55.64%), 10 – Patients satisfaction
of services: 4.67 (93.55%), and 11 – Students’ capabilities: 3.95 (79.1%). Therefore,
according to the results, weaknesses of the department were research, educational
and research facilities and equipments. Graduated students, patients’ satisfaction of
services, and students’ capabilities were the strengths of the department.
Conclusions: An analysis of the findings of this research study led to the understanding
that the operative dentistry department was desirable.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 69
182985
Effects of Different Prosthesis Materials on Stress Distribution of Implant

S. KHAZAEI
1
, P. IRANMANESH
2
, E. GHASEMI
2
, and A. ABEDIAN
3
,
1
School of Dentistry, Kermanshah
University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran,
2
Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan,
Iran,
3
Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
Objectives: The finite element method (FEM) was used to investigate the effects
of different types of prosthesis material on stress distribution of bone surrounding
implants and to evaluate the stress distribution in three-unit implant supported fixed
partial denture (FPD).
Methods: A three-dimensional finite element FPD model of the maxillary second
premolar to the second molar was designed. Three load conditions were applied
statically on functional cusps in horizontal (57.0 N), vertical (200.0 N) and oblique
(400.0 N, è=120°) directions. Four standard framework materials were evaluated:
polymethyl methacrylate, base-metal, porcelain fused to metal and porcelain. All
materials were considered to be linear elastic, homogeneous and time independent.
Results: The maximum of von Mises stress in oblique direction was higher than
vertical and horizontal directions in all case studies. In crestal bone section, the
maximum von Mises stress was observed in polymethyl methacrylate through
oblique direction of the load with the value of 53.78 MPa. The numerical results
demonstrated that maximum stress was generated at the connector region of the
FPD in all case studies.
Conclusions: A noticeable difference between bone stress distribution using
different prosthesis materials were not observed. Although higher stress value could
be seen in polymethyl methacrylate, all types of prosthesis yielded the same stress
distribution pattern in FPD. More clinical studies are needed to evaluate the success
and failure of these materials.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 70
182990
Introduction of Iranian 3D Dental Cast Simulator

M. NOURI, Dentofacial Deformities Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences,
Tehran, Iran, S. ASEFI, Resident of Orthodontics Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences,
Tehran, Iran, A. AKHBARZADEH BAGHBAN, Associate Professor, Department of Basic Science
Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
A. AMINIAN, Assistant Professor of Orthodontic Department of Dental School, Kerman University
Of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran, and R. MASSUDI, Professor of Laser institute, Shahid Beheshti
University, Tehran, Iran
Objectives: Plaster study models are “gold standard” in diagnosis and treatment
planning in orthodontic. Because of their drawbacks, alternative methods have been
suggested for reconstruction of dental occlusion.
Methods: In this descriptive study, a software was developed for dental cast
simulation and analysis. This software was developed by Visual Basic. The features
of this software were: High speed; Real-time rotation of the cast; Moving, translation
and zooming the cast by the selected range; Cutting and removing different parts
of the cast; Clip far that is the omission of the points until reaching the cusp tip;
Distance measurement with 0.1 mm accuracy; Ease of application and training;
Small size of the program (less than 400 KB). For assessing the simulator accuracy,
3 variables (intercanine width, intermolar width, and arch depth) were measured
on 20 plaster study casts with 5 categories. The parameters were measured in the
simulator and on the cast manually by digital caliper. They were compared by means
of ICC and Dahlberg.
Results: Reliability coefficients between the two methods for maxillary intercanine,
intermolar widths, and also arch depth were 0.98, 0.98, and 0.87, respectively.
However, for mandible, they were 0.94, 0.77, and 0.92 respectively.
Conclusions: The average maximum absolute difference between the two methods
was less than 0.5 mm, provided system was indeed clinically acceptable. The laser
scanner and its software were clinically accurate in measuring arch depth and width
in canine and molar areas.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 71
182999
Removal of Refractory Erosive Lichen Planus by CO2 Laser

A. PAKFETRAT, Associate professor, Mashhad, Iran, F. FALAKI, Assistant professor, Mashhad, Iran, F.
AHRARI, Assistant Professor, Mashhad, Iran, and S. BIDAD, dentist, Mashhad, Iran
Objectives: The erosive-atrophic form of Oral lichen planus (OLP) is often associated
with severe pain and burning sensation. This study investigated the efficacy of CO2
laser surgery for management of refractory erosive-atrophic OLP.
Methods: 10 patients with 13 erosive-atrophic OLP resistant to standard therapy
participated in this study. The size and clinical score of the lesions and the level of
pain/discomfort were recorded before treatment. The lesions were then removed
with a CO2 laser device (10600 nm, continuous wave, 5 W). The patients were
evaluated 1 month and 3 months later and the response rate was assessed according
to the decrease in sign and pain scores and size of the lesions.
Results: There was a significant reduction in pain symptom and lesion size at 1 and
3 months following laser treatment (P<0.05). The sign scores of the lesions were
also significantly improved at follow-up periods compared to the pretreatment
state (P<0.05). At the end of the follow-up period, 54% of the lesions showed 3 or 4
degrees of improvement in the clinical score and 23% improved 1 or 2 degrees.
Conclusions: The present results indicate that the CO2 laser surgery is an effective
modality for management of erosive-atrophic OLP.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 72
183020
Comparison Of Apically Extruded Debris Between Hero And Race Systems

H. AKHAVAN*, Department of endodontics, Islamic Azad University Dental Center*, Tehran, Iran, A.
SEDIGH NIA**, Shahid Beheshti University Dental Center, Tehran, Iran, and A. MIRKAZEMI*, Islamic
Azad university dental center, Tehran, Iran
Objectives: The purpose of this in vitro study was to determine the quantity of
extruded apically debris using the proper Hero rotary system compared to Race
rotary system.
Methods: In this experimental study, 40 disto-buccal root canals of human maxillary
first molars were selected and divided into two groups of 20 canals. One group
was instrumented with Hero rotary system and the other with Race rotary system
according to the manufacturer instructions. A standard amount of irrigant was used
for each canal. Apically extruded debris and irrigant were collected in pre-weighted
vials. Then the vials were located in the desiccator and after removing the irrigant,
the weight of dry debris was estimated. The mean weight of the extruded debris
for each group was analyzed using one sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and
independent sample test.
Results: The weight of extruded debris showed that the Race rotary system resulted
in less debris extrusion (0.0043485 gr) compared to Hero rotary system (0.0072135
gr). The difference was statistically significant (P=0.004).
Conclusions: Under the conditions of this study, the Race rotary system extruded
less debris than the Hero rotary system.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 73
183021
The Effect of Bone Metabolic Alterations on Orthodontic Tooth Movement

M. SEIFI, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, R. HAMEDI,
Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, and Z. KHAVAND, 3- Dentist, Tehran,
Iran
Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of administration
of cholecalciferol, Thyroid Hormone, calcium gluconate as bone metabolies on
orthodontic tooth movement.
Methods: In this study, 40 male albino wistar rats were selected and divided into
5 groups: 1- 20 ug/kg thyroxine was injected intraperitoneally after installation
of the orthodontic appliance. 2- 3 I.U thyroxine with cholecalciferol was injected
intraperitoneally after installation of the orthodontic appliance. 3- 200 um/kg
Thyroxine with calcium gluconate 10% was injected intraperitoneally. 4- thyroxine,
cholecalciferol, and calcium gluconate were administered. 5- distilled water was used
in control group. In order to calculate the tooth movement, the distance between
the upper right first and second molars was measured. The statistical ANOVA test
was used in this study.
Results: The average of tooth movement was 0.45±0.13 for group 1, 0.48±0.07 for
group 2, 0.37±0.04 for group 3, 0.8±0.20 for group 4, and 0.2±0.066 in control group.
Conclusions: Increased tooth movement was observed for Thyroxine, cholecalciferol,
and calcium gluconate group with significant difference (P<0.05).

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 74
183023
Coronal Leackage Of Gutta-percha Or Resilon Using An Intraorifice Barrier

M. ABBASI
1
, A. KOLAHDOUZAN
2
, N. REZAYI
2
, S. ARAGHI
3
, and D. SADEGHI
4
,
1
Azad Medical University,
Tehran, Iran,
2
Qazvin Medical University, Qazvin, Iran,
3
Department of endodontics,Qazvin Medical
University, Tehran, Iran,
4
Shahid Beheshti Medical University, Tehran, Iran
Objectives: The prevention and control of coronal microleakage after root canal
therapy is critical for successful endodontic outcomes. The aim of this study was
to compare coronal microleakage between Resilon and Gutta-percha using Glass
ionomer as an intraorifice barrier.
Methods: In this experimental study, 64 extracted human teeth were decoronated
to a standardized length of 16 mm and instrumented with protaper rotary system
according to manufacturer’s instructions. The teeth were randomly divided into 4
experimental (n=14) and 2 control (n=4) groups (+/-).Then, the roots in negative
control and experimental were obturated with either Resilon or Gutta-percha alone
or with a 2 mm glass ionomer intraorifice barrier. In the negative control groups, all
teeth surfaces were coated with 2 layers of nail polish. In the positive control groups,
canals were not obturated. After setting of the sealers, microleakage was evaluated
with microbial analysis. Data were evaluated with chi-square test one-way analysis
of variance and Tukey.
Results: Positive control leaked within 24 hours, whereas none of the negative
control leaked. Resilon and gutta-percha with intraorifice barrier showed less leakage
than Resilon and Gutta-percha without any barrier, although the difference was not
statistically significant (P>0.05).
Conclusions: Under conditions of this study, all 4 groups showed leakage in some
specimens, but Glass ionomer might be an effective intraorifice barrier.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 75
183026
Mathematical Beta Function for Maxillary Arch Form Prediction

A. TEHRANCHI, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Evin, Tehran, Iran, M. NOURI,
Dentofacial Deformities Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,
Iran, and M. MINA, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Objectives: To evaluate dental arch size and form changes in 12 to 16-year-old Iranian
adolescents and generate a regression formula to predict maxillary dental arch form.
Methods: This study was conducted on 36 adolescents (14 male, 22 female), with
normal occlusion. The depths and width of the dental arches at the first molar
region were measured with a laser scanner device. Molar Facial-Axis Point (FA Point)
was used as a reference point on the casts. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test, paired
and unpaired t–test were used for statistical analysis. Statistical package for Social
Sciences version 17.0 for Windows (SPSS Inc, Chicago, Ill) was used to perform all of
the statistical analyses.
Results: The mean value for maxillary and mandibular inter molar width was 60.16
mm and 57.20 mm respectively. The mean value for maxillary and mandibular inter
molar depth was 31.91 mm and 28.72 mm respectively. It was concluded that gender
dimorphism does exist only for maxillary inter molar width (P<0.008).
Conclusions: A beta function formula for maxillary arch form prediction was
generated using mandibular inter molar width and depth data.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 76
183027
Interleukin-10 Gene Polymorphisms in Patients with Recurrent Aphthous
Stomatitis

S. NAJAFI, MSc in Oral Medicine,Dental School,Tehran University Of Medical Sciences,Tehran,Iran,
Tehran, Iran, M. MOHAMMADZADE, Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Tehran
University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, A.Z. BIDOKI, Molecular Immunology Research Center;
and Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,
Iran, H. YOUSEFI, Faculty of Dentistry,Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, E. FARHADI,
Hematology Department, School of Allied Medical Science, Tehran University of Medical Sciences,
Tehran, Iran, G. MEIGHANI, Pediatrics Department, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical
Sciences, Tehran, Iran, and N. REZAEI, Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children’s Medical
Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Molecular Immunology Research
Center; and Department of Immunology, School of Medicine,Tehran University of Medical Sciences,
Tehran, Iran
Objectives: Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a common oral inflammatory
disease with unknown etiology in which the immune system seems to have a role
in oral tolerance. Interleukin (IL)-10 is a cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor, the
production of which could be affected by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of
IL10 gene. This study was performed to investigate genotype frequencies of IL10 in a
group of individuals with RAS.
Methods: Genomic DNA of 60 Iranian patients with RAS were typed for IL10 gene
(C/A -1082, C/T -819, and C/A -592), using polymerase chain reaction with sequence-
specific primers. The frequency of each allele and genotype was compared to a
group of healthy individuals.
Results: A significantly higher frequency of T allele at position -819 (P=0.006) and
A allele at position of -592 (P<0.001) were found in the group of patients with RAS,
when compared to the controls. IL-10 GA genotype at position -1082 (P=0.007), CA
genotype at position -592 (p=0.001), and CT genotype at position -819 (p=0.001)
were significantly higher in the RAS patients.
Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that certain SNPs of IL10 gene have an
association with predisposition of individuals to RAS. However, further multi-center
studies are needed to confirm these findings.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 77
183029
Stress Distribution at the Internal Surface of Dental Implants

M. NEJADKARIM, DDS student in shahid beheshti univercity.member of talented division, tehran,
Iran; 3rd position of the10th karazmi fair, tehran, Iran, and M. KADKHODAZADEH, Dental Research
Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the stress patterns within an
implant and the effect of different types of connections on load transfer.
Methods: Three different types of implant-abutment connections were selected for
this study. Sample A: 1.5 mm deep internal hex corresponding to a lead-in bevel,
sample B: a tri-channel internal connection, and sample C: internal Morse taper
with 110 degrees of tapering and 6 anti-rotational grooves. Four types of loading
conditions were simulated in a finite element model and the maximum Von Mises
stress set as output variables.
Results: The maximum stress concentration at the inner surface of the fixtures was
higher than the stress value in bone in all of the samples. Stress values in sample B
were the lowest amongst all of the models. Any alterations in amount and direction
of the 100 N axial load resulted in an increase in fixture surfaces stress. Overall, the
highest amount of stress (112 MPa) was detected in sample C at the inner surface of
the fixture under a non axial load of 300 N.
Conclusions: Stress concentration could be reduced when the internal surface area
increased. Creating three or six stops in the internal surface of the fixtures resulted
in a stress reduction.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 78
183031
Debonding of Ceramic Brackets Using Er-YAG Laser

N. MOHEBBIAN, dentist, rhoon, Netherlands
Objectives: This study sought to evaluate the enamel surface characteristics of teeth
and patient response after debonding of ceramic brackets with Er:YAG laser light.
Methods: 64 frontal and premolars were bonded using 4 different ceramic brackets
and later debonded through a Er:YAG laser (600mJ, 2 Hz, no air, no waterspray). The
laser was applied for 0.5s with no movement and just the middle point in the slot of
the brackets. After debonding, the adhesive remnant index (ARI), the incidence of
bracket failure and enamel fracture, and patient response were compared among
the groups.
Results: There was no case of enamel fracture or bracket fracture in the clinical
examination of the debonded group. Significant high ARI scores were observed in the
groups. Laser debonding caused a significant decrease in the frequency of enamel
cracks. Patient did not feel any pain and sensitivity during and after treatment. They
had follow-up for 3 months without any experience of discomfort.
Conclusions: Laser-assisted debonding of ceramic brackets without using any
external load could reduce the risk of enamel damage and bracket fracture. It also
produces the more desirable ARI scores without causing thermal damage to the pulp.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 79
183039
Enhance Socket Preservation with Combination of Bio-Oss with Silk

M.A. SAGHIRI, Kamal Asgar Reserch Center, Encino, CA, J. ORANGI, Post graduate Student of
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz,
Iran, and N. TANIDEH, DVM, MPH, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
Objectives: To evaluate the histological and dimensional changes followed by tooth
extraction without Bio-Oss and with Bio-Oss and silk mixture in dental socket.
Methods: 40 subject requiring tooth extraction and implant placement were
selected. Patients were randomly divided into control (without Bio-Oss) and case
(Bio-Oss and silk mixture) groups. The parameters of plaque index, gingival index,
bleeding on probing, horizontal ridge width and vertical ridge changes were
measured, immediately and 6 month after extraction. A bone biopsy was taken from
the extraction site in both groups 6 months after surgical treatment. Histological
study was performed on all biopsy samples. Paired t-test was used for data analysis
and significance level considered as P<0.05.
Results: In the control group, a significantly greater horizontal absorption was
observed compared with the case group. The ridge height reduction in control
group was 4.1±1.9 mm and 2.9±1.3 mm at buccal side and lingual site, respectively.
However, in the case group it was 3 mm in buccal side. Biopsies taken from the grafted
sites showed the presence of trabecular bone which was highly mineralized and well
structured. Histological examination revealed that the amount of connective tissue
was significantly higher in the control group compared to the case group.
Conclusions: Results confirmed that dental socket preservation approach using Bio-
Oss in combination with silk significantly reduce the resorption of dental socket after
tooth extraction.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 80
183041
The Osteoregenerative Effects of PDGF-BB with MSCs Loaded on FDBA

A. KHOJASTEH, Assistant Professor of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Shahid Beheshti University
of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, S.G. DASHTI, Doctor of Dental Surgery, Dental Research Center,
Research Institute of Dental Sciences of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,
Iran, M.M. DEHGHAN, Veterinary Surgeon, Associate Professor, Department of Surgery and
Radiology,Center of Excellence for Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering,Faculty of Veterinary
Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran, and L. KHEIRI, Student, Gifted and Talented Dental
Students Division, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, tehran, Iran
Objectives: Due to shortcomings associated with autogenous bone graft, the gold
standard of craniofacial grafting, investigators seek alternatives that are accessible,
efficient, and affordable. Accordingly, in the present pilot study, bone regeneration
was induced using Bone Marrow derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BMCS) loaded
onto Freeze Dried Bone Allograft (FDBA) blocks in the presence or absence of
recombinant platelet-derived growth factor-BB (rhPDGF-BB). Treatments were
tested on critical sized defects created in canine mandible.
Methods: 8 weeks after the bilateral extraction of premolars of 4 mongrel dogs,
25×10 mm defects were created at both sides of the mandible. The right mandible
received autogenous-BMSC loaded on FDBA (control), whereas the left mandible
received cellular blocks impregnated with rhPDGF-BB (experimental). Animals were
euthanized 8 weeks after grafting. Mandibles were harvested and transferred to
the laboratory for micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and histomorphometric
analysis. The Mann-Whitney test was used for data analysis and statistical significance
was set at P<0.05.
Results: Although differences were not statistically significant, micro-CT and
histomorphometric analysis demonstrated higher levels of bone formation for
the test group (5.34%±0.20 and 16.63%±3.14 respectively) when compared to the
control group (4.20%±0.20 and 11.38%±5.11).
Conclusions: According to the performed micro-CT and histomorphometric analysis,
adding 0.5 mg rhPDGF-BB (0.3 mg/ml) to the combination of BMSC/FDBA might
have amplified bone formation in critical sized defect in dog mandible.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 81
183050
Implant Location Influence on Stress Distribution in Implant Assisted RPDs

Y. MEMARI, Associate professor,Prosthodontics department,Dental School,Shahid, Tehran,
Iran, A. GERAMI, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, A. FAYAZ, Associate
professor,Prosthodontics department,Dental School,Shahid, tehran, Iran, S.R. HABIB ABADI, Post
graduate student,Prosthodontics department,Dental School,Shahid Beheshti University of Medical
Sciences,Tehran,Iran, Tehran, Iran, and Y. MANSOURI, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical
Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Objectives: DERPD is a situation with lack of distal dental support and 13 times
difference in resiliency between the mucosa and the periodontal ligament, resulting
in levers during compression forces that are potentially destructive to the abutments
and the surrounding tissues. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of implant
location on stress distribution, in distal extension implant assisted Removable Partial
Dentures.
Methods: A three-dimensional model of a bilateral distal extension partially
edentulous mandible containing anterior teeth and first premolar in both sides of
the arch, a partial removable denture and an implant (4×10 mm) were designed.
With the aid of the finite element program ANSYS 8.0, the models were loaded and
von Mises stresses were evaluated.
Results: When implant was placed in second premolar region, presented with
highest stress on implant, abutment tooth and cancelous bone were shown. The
lowest stress was shown on implant and bone in 1st molar area.
Conclusions: Locating the implant in first molar area positively influenced the
distribution of stresses on the analyzed models.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 82
183054
Search for Evidence Behavior among Dental Faculty Members in Iran

S. SEYEDZADEH SABOUNCHI, Community Oral Health Department, Hamadan Dental School,
Hamadan, Iran, M.H. KHOSHNEVISAN, Preventive Dentistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti
University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, M. NOURI, Dentofacial Deformities Research Center,
Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, N. ERFANI, Psychiatry Department,
Payame Noor University, Hamadan, Iran, and B. HOUSHMAND, Periodontics Department, Shahid
Behehti Dental School, Tehran, Iran
Objectives: Despite great achievements and evidence developments in the field of
dentistry, searching and retrieving evidence seems to be not very well applied and
effective in academic settings. The aim of this study was to assess search for evidence
behavior among dental faculty members in Iran.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on dental faculty members in Iran.
To obtain a representative sample a stratified cluster random sampling approach
was used. 8 dental schools were randomly selected from existing 17 public and 2
private schools in 2009. Self-administered questionnaires were used to gather data
from faculty members on their use of high and low level evidence resources, studying
scientific article habits, and frequency of reading articles. Demographic and educational
information were also collected in the background part of the questionnaire. To test the
association of gender and specialty with different components of search for evidence
behavior Chi-square test was used. Also Pearson correlation test was conducted to
assess association of other background characteristics with search for evidence
behavior and multiple regression was also conducted.
Results: In total 377 dental faculty members returned completed questionnaires.
Their mean age was 39±7.64 (min=27 and max=69) and also their mean years of
research experience was 6.74±4.9. The most evidence resources used were textbooks
(7.62±1.87) and original articles (6.73±1.97) according to visual analogue scale (VAS:
range: 0-10). The least used source of evidence was Cochrane library 2.76±2.7 (VAS).
Also 66.1% of faculties studied more than one scientific article in a week.
Conclusions: According to the results of this study, overall use of high level evidence
resources was low. However, according to the positive correlations among search
for evidence behavior components improving reading article, habits and knowledge
may improve search for evidence behavior.
This abstract is based on research that was funded entirely or partially by an
outside source: This study was founded by I.R. Iran’s National Institute of Health
Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (Contract No: 241/m/303).

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 83
183055
HIV/AIDS Awareness Among Iraqi Medical and Dental Students

A. ALBUJEER, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; students’
scientific research Centre ,Tehran university of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, and A.R. SHAMSHIRI,
School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and attitude among
medical and dental students (4th and 5th year of their education) from Iraq, a
country with actually low HIV/AIDS frequency, which is presented as a first report.
Methods: A cross sectional study of HIV/AIDS knowledge and attitude designed
covering 526 students in four medical universities (Kufa, Babylon, Karbala, and
Qadissiya) in March 2013. Data collection was done by a questionnaire containing
knowledge and attitude questions (11 questions for each part) in addition to some
demographic questions.
Results: 526 questionnaires (319 from medical students and 207 from dental
students) were received. The knowledge of medical students were about 54.8%
(n=190) intermediate (were defined as score 51-75), 27.1% (n=94) good (were
defined as score 76-100) and dentistry students about 68.2% (n=150) intermediate,
10.5% (n=20) good. Estimated level of attitude of medical students were 14.7%
(n=51) intermediate and dentistry students 21.4% (n=47) intermediate. None of
them was put in “good” attitude category. Knowledge and attitude are not affected
by age, gender, and marital status, but it was statically significant difference between
medical and dental students.
Conclusions: Overall knowledge and especially attitude are not in good situation
among medical and dental students, which potentially threatens healthcare workers
and patients considering HIV and other blood-borne infections. It is also important
for Medical Learning Programmers to put greater emphasis on controlling blood-
borne infections, especially HIV.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 84
183056
Designing an Oral Health Surveillance System in Iran

A. EBN AHMADY, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, and M.H.
KHOSHNEVISAN, Preventive Dentistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical
Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Objectives: The concept of oral health surveillance is derived from disease
surveillance, and means “to watch over oral health status”, in order to make decisions
that lead to improvements in oral health status in populations. The aim of this
study was to design an oral health surveillance system for country to aid long-term
planning in oral health system and its development, to provide input for program
management and evaluation, and to give timely warning of the need for intervention
to prevent critical deteriorations in oral health condition. Timely warning requires
earlier indicators of the possibility of oral health access, and risk factor indicators are
often the most appropriate.
Methods: In this study, the basic steps that are involved in designing and building
an oral health surveillance system were described. Both qualitative and quantitative
seven steps approaches were used to design an oral health surveillance system.
Results: After stakeholders’ analysis and selecting oral health stakeholders at country
level, the most important, feasible and fundable Oral Health Surveillance Indicators
(n=32) were selected, divided and prioritized into five areas and agreed by well-
established structured, multistep facilitated group techniques. Through a situation
analysis and comparative study two data sources were identified. The proposed
system confirmed as part of identified Delphi process consisted of three round of
electronic surveys.
Conclusions: This was the first consensus study of Iranian oral health experts to
identify key areas for improving oral healthcare programs and interventions. By
this study, necessary steps to design an effective system for oral health surveillance
system have been highlighted. The designed system is composed of understanding
the current surveillance system of non-communicable diseases, analyzing effective
strategic factors of oral health care system, determining oral health priorities and
measurable indicators of surveillance system, and patient management profile and
hold records.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 85
183058
Evaluation of Zirconia Post and Zirconia Coated FRC Post

M.H. SALARI
1
, E. JALALIAN
1
, S. SHAHRABI FARD
2
, and S. RASHIDI
3
,
1
Islamic Azad University Dental
Center, Tehran, Iran,
2
dental student of dental branch of Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran,
3
student of dental branch of Islamic Azad university, Tehran, Iran
Objectives: One of the problems in preparation of root canal treated teeth is
debonding of post from root dentin; which correlates to post type. If measures are
not taken to avoid this problem, mortal outcomes will appear during treatment. One
of the new post that is used nowadays is the zirconia coated FRC posts, that are the
next generation of aesthetic posts, ice light features 70% fill of zirconia enrinched,
parallel glass fiber for exceptional strength. Its flexibility is close to dentine, so stress
is distributed. The aim of this study was the evaluation of post types (zirconia post
and zirconia coated FRC post)
Methods: The research method was experimental. 20 extracted human premolar
teeth with 14 mm root length were selected. After post space preparation, the
teeth were randomly divided into two groups (20 mm length and 1.4 mm diameter
posts). Group 1: zirconia coated FRC post (Danville), Group 2: zirconia post (Ivoclar
vivadent). All posts were cemented with dual-cure resin cement (Kuraray Panavia).
All samples were mounted in acrylic cylinders. Samples were divided to 3 mm
length parts. Make stress in apical to coronal direction with 0.8 mm diameter
rod and inscripted pressure percentage. The push-out test was done by means
of universal testing machine (Instron 5500R) with 1 mm/min speed. Data were
analyzed through t-test.
Results: Retention average for the zirconia coated FRC post in coronal are as follows
in Mpa: 79.22±12.93, middle:71.76±16.79, apical: 48.64±13.85 for the zirconia post
in coronal: 131.80±32.52, middle:93.17±5.27, apical: 40.57±6.51.
Conclusions: Zirconia post provided significantly increased post retention compared
with the zirconia coated FRC post. The retention of both post type reduced from
coronal to apical.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 86
183060
PH Changes of Intracanal Materials in Simulated Root Surface Defects

S. ARAGHI, Department of Endodontics, Qazvin Medical University, Tehran, Iran, A. KOLAHDOUZAN,
Qazvin Medical University, Qazvin, Iran, and M. ADEL, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin,
Iran
Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the diffusion of hydroxyl ions from
intracanal calcium hydroxide (CH), Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), EndoSequence
Root Repair material (ES), CEM cement and Biodentine (BD) in simulated root surface
resorptive defects.
Methods: In this experimental study, 72 extracted human permanent maxillary
central incisors were decoronated to a standardized length of 10±1 mm. After
preparation of root canals, 1 mm depth cavities were prepared on the root at 3 and
6 mm from the apex. The teeth were randomly divided into 5 experimental groups
and a control group (n=12). Root canals of experimental matched pairs were filled
with either MTA, CH, BD, ES, or CEM cement; control teeth were filled with distilled
water. The pH in root surface cavities was measured at 4, 24, and 48 hours, and 1,
2, 3, and 4 weeks. Repeated measurement ANOVA was used for statistical analyses.
Significant was set at (P<0.05).
Results: In experimental groups the pH at 6 mm was statistically higher than 3-mm
level (P<0.05). Overall, pH in all groups gradually reduced during 4 weeks; CH had
the highest PH and MTA, CEM cement, BD, ES respectively. There were no significant
differences between MTA and CEM cement, ES and BD at 24 and 48 hours, 2, 3, 4
weeks (P<0.05).
Conclusions: All of the material could increase the pH level on surface resorptive
defects during 4 weeks.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 87
183064
Apical Transportation of Waveone File with Full-Rotation versus Reciprocation
Movement

M. NASERI
1
, S.O. DIANAT
2
, A.K. KANGARLOO
3
, P. PEIMANPOUR
4
, and G. NAHVI
5
,
1
Assistant Professor
, Department of Endodontics and Endodontic Research Center, Dental School of Shahid Beheshti,
Tehran, Iran, Tehran, Iran,
2
Assistant Professor, Dept. of Endodontics, Dental School, Shahid
Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
3
, Professor, Department of Endodontics and
Endodontic Research Center, Dental School of Shahid Beheshti, Tehran, Iran, Tehran, Iran,
4
Private
Practice, Tehran, Iran,
5
Dental student, Dental School of Shahid Beheshti, Tehran, Iran, Tehran, Iran
Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate apical transportation and centering
ability of newly marketed single-file instruments, WaveOne, with Full-Rotation versus
Reciprocation movement by virtue of CBCT analysis in severely curved mesiobuccal
human mandibular molars.
Methods: According to the type of instrument movement, mesiobuccal canal of
thirty mandibular molars were divided into 2 groups (n=15): Group 1, Reciprocation/
WaveOne; Group 2, Full-Rotation/WaveOne. After coronal access preparation, a #15
K-file was used for working length determination (1 mm short of apical foramen).
Pre- and post-instrumented CBCT scans were used for assessment of apical
transportation and centering ability (1 mm, 3 mm, and 5 mm short of WL) in both
groups. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using Man-Whitney, Friedman
and T-test (α=0.05).
Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the two experimental
groups in terms of apical transport and centering ratio at 1, 3, and 5 mm level
(P>0.05). Preparation time and practitioner’s convenience were not significantly
different between the two groups (P>0.05). No separation of instruments occurred
in either groups.
Conclusions: Apical transportation and centering ability of WaveOne reciprocating
instrument did not significantly differ between Reciprocation and Full Rotation
movement.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 88
183080
Mesenchymal Stem Cells Delivery in Maxillofacial Bone Regeneration: Systematic
Review

A. KHOJASTEH
1
, P. IRANPARVAR
2
, and M.T. BAGHANI
2
,
1
Assistant Professor of Oral and Maxillofacial
Surgery Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
2
Student, Gifted and Talented
Dental Students Division, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,
Iran
Objectives: The concept of tissue engineering holds huge promise for the future
treatment of osseous defects. For bone tissue engineering, stem cells are applied on
supporting scaffolds under controlled stimulation with growth factors. Scaffolds have
a role in delivery of cells, growth factors, and blood supply. Different techniques and
materials have been used for scaffold construction. In the present study, different
scaffolds in craniofacial bone engineering were introduced.
Methods: Systematic search in Pubmed database was performed using keywords
“bone engineering” and “bone tissue engineering” and also by manual search in
selected journals until March 2012. Studies which had analyzed craniofacial defect
treatment in human or animal models, and also related in vitro studies using scaffolds
and stem cells were included in this study.
Results: According to these 69 articles, which were completely read and analyzed,
there are 4 main categories of scaffolds: ceramic, non-ceramic or polymer, composite
(ceramic + polymer), and metal. Ceramic scaffolds are either natural or synthetic
Conclusions: Based on the results of this systematic review, ceramics and polymers
have been two most used scaffolds in these years. Bone marrow stromal cells
(BMSCs) have been used frequently.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 89
183089
Laser Assisted Monitoring of Dental Caries in Early Childhood Caries Prevention

M. SHABANI, and M. MOJAHEDI, Rwth International Academy, Aachen, Germany
Objectives: Early childhood caries (ECC) is of the most common health problems in
children under 6 years old. Periodical monitoring of caries risk assessment (CRA) and
the oral care measurements can be one of the effective methods for prevention of
ECC. Unfortunately visual and tactile periodical examinations cannot be confident as
an index concerning CRA management and caries process prevention. It seems that
laser assisted monitoring of caries process progression can be an effective adjunct
tool to evaluate CRA management in children for prevention of ECC.
Methods: 20 children took part in this study and were divided into two groups. Laser
group received CRA management, periodical visual and tactile examination and
laser assisted caries process progression with Diagnodent device. Non-laser group
received CRA management, periodical visual and tactile examination. For Diagnodent
scanning, at first, the flat surface was divided into four portions and the midpoint of
each quadrant was chosen for Diagnodent scanning. The midpoint of each proximal
surface was chosen for Diagnodent scanning of the proximal surfaces. Finally, the
mean score of Diagnodent scale was chosen as an index to determine the patient
cooperation in control of dental caries progression.
Results: Diagnodent scale after 1 year and 2 years of the study in the two groups
were different, so that in the laser group the Diagnodent scales for both proximal
and flat surfaces were better than non-laser group (P=0.00). DMFS index in the two
groups after 1 year was not significantly different, but after 2 years follow-up the
DMFS index was significantly different (P=0.02).
Conclusions: Diagnodent scanning for monitoring of dental caries progression is an
effective device in management of CRA.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 90
183092
Effect of Bleaching on the Microhardness and Color of Composites

S.S. HASHEMI KAMANGAR, Tehran university of medical sciences, International campus, Dental
school, Operative department, Tehran, Iran, M. MIRZAII, Tehran University of Medical Sciences,
Dental school, Operative department, Tehran, Iran, and K. KIAKOJOORI, Tehran university of medical
sciences, International campus, Tehran, Iran
Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of 40% hydrogen
peroxide on microhardness and color change of a silorane-based composite in a
comparison of two metecrylate-based composites.
Methods: 12 disc shaped specimens (A3 shade) of each composite (Filtek P90, Filtek
Z350XT Enamel, Filtek Z250 (3M-ESPE, St Paul MN USA)) were fabricated according
to the manufacturer’s instructions using a stainless steel mold and were polished
with SiC paper. Then the specimens were stored in 100% humidity for 24 hours. The
samples of each type of composites were randomly divided into two groups (n=6).
[Control: 2 weeks storage in distilled water at room temperature, experimental:
exposure to Opalescence Boost (Ultradent, S Jordan UT, USA)]. Vickers microhardness
and the color of samples were evaluated before and after each treatment. A
spectrophotometric analysis was used to measure the following color parameters
in the CIE L*a*b* color space: deltaa*, deltab*, deltaL*, deltaH, deltaC, and deltaE.
Data were analyzed using repeated measure ANOVA.
Results: The baseline microhardness of Filtek P90 was significantly lower than the
two other composites (P=0.001), but there was not any difference between Z250
and Z350XT (P=0.293). Opalescence Boost significantly decreased the microhardness
of Z250 and Z350XT (P<0.001), but no significant change was observed in either
the experimental or control groups of P90 (P>0.05). After bleaching, deltaE was
evaluated 3.12 (1.97), 3.31 (1.84) and 3.7 (2.11) for P90, Z250, and Z350 respectively
with no significant difference.
Conclusions: Using 40% H2O2 decreased the microhardness value of metacrylate-
based composites but not the silorane-based composite. Although there was not
any difference between the deltaE of composites, the deltaE of P90 remained in the
range of clinical acceptance (deltaE<3.3).

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 91
183093
The Effect of Firing on Marginal Integrity of Zirconia Core

E. JALALIAN, Islamic Azad University Dental Center, Tehran, Iran, S. MASUMI, Dentistry student ,
Islamic Azad University Dental Center, Tehran, Iran, S. ETEHADIEH KOOCHAK, Dentistry student,
Islamic Azad University Dental Center, Tehran, Iran, and M. MALEKI GORJI, Dentistry student ,Islamic
Azad University Dental Center, Tehran, Iran
Objectives: Marginal integrity of full-coverage restorations is one of the most
important agents of the long-term success. The aim of this study was to evaluate
the effect of porcelain firing on marginal integrity of all-ceramic restorations by an
in vitro method.
Methods: This study was performed in single blind experimental method. At first,
a standard brass die with 7 mm length and 5 mm diameter was made and then
it was prepared by an accurate machine in a classic chamfer form with 0.8 mm
depth and 10 degrees of convergence. Copings were made on die with CAD/CAM
method: One group of 10 samples with 0.5 mm thickness. Then the copings were
placed on the die and were numbered randomly. The vertical gap of marginal zone
was measured in microns in 10 different points by SEM microscopy. After firing, the
porcelain restorations were placed on the die and vertical gap of the marginal zone
in the previous points were measured again by SEM microscopy. After recording the
data and determining the mean and standard deviation, ANOVA test was used for
comparing the data before and after the firing process.
Results: The amount of marginal gap in porcelain with 0.5 mm thickness was
79.55±39.32 µ before porcelain firing and 82.50±22.40 µ after porcelain firing .Test
showed that there is no significant difference between the marginal gap of this
thickness before and after porcelain firing.
Conclusions: Porcelain firing process does not affect the amount of marginal gap in
all-ceramic zirconia core with 0.5 mm thickness.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 92
183094
Invisible Dental Injuries (Cracks) due to General Anesthesia Intubation

M. YAGHMAEI, professor, Department of oral and maxillofacial surgery, Dental school, Shahid
Beheshti University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran, N.S. MATINI, under graduate student,
Student’s research committee, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical sciences,
Tehran, Iran, and F. SHAHABIAN, Dentist, Private Practice, Tehran, Iran
Objectives: Administration of general anesthesia necessitates certain amount of
manipulation or instrumentation within the mouth that may cause dental and oral
tissue trauma during and after receiving general anesthesia. This study sought to
assess invisible dental trauma (cracks) due to general anesthesia intubation and
related risk factors.
Methods: This observational prospective study was conducted on 112 patients (12
anterior maxillary and mandibular teeth in each patient) in Taleghani hospital (Tehran,
Iran). Patients were under general anesthesia by oro-endotracheal intubation. They
were examined for old and new cracks, pre and post intubation, before and after the
intubation using a light cure unit (Sanyi, SLC-35C, ZHE, China).
Results: Maxillary incisors had the highest incidence of new cracks (28.58%). The left
quadrant was more susceptible in traumas (17.9%), than the right quadrant (10.7%).
Gender, BMI, ASA class, Angles classification, and the experience of the operator
who inserted the tube had no association with higher frequency of new cracks.
Conclusions: Dental cracks due to intubation are highly prevalent. These injuries
are mostly disregarded by the anesthesiologist since they are not visible and do not
cause any complication or problem during anesthesia. Enhancing the knowledge of
anesthesiologist about dental anatomy, physiology, and pathology and use of the
teeth-guard (prefabricated or customized) are necessary measures to prevent such
injuries.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 93
183096
Attitude and Practice of Dentists regarding Tobacco Cessation in Iran

M.S. RAZAVI, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran, B. TAHANI, Oral Public Health
Department, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran, B. ZOLFAGHARI, Department of
Pharmacognosy, Pharmacy School, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran, and M.
EMAMI DOOST, dental school, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
Objectives: The aim of the current study was to assess Iranian dentists’ practice and
attitude toward tobacco cessation programs.
Methods: A valid and reliable questionnaire was designed and piloted. To assess the
practice profile, some questions were developed based on the expected 5A tobacco
cessation protocol. Statements on attitudes focused on professional responsibility
towards smoking cessation and were analyzed using a five-point Likert scale. 150
dentists were randomly selected from those working in Isfahan-Iran. Chi-square,
ANOVA, and t test were used.
Results: 139 valid questionnaires were finally obtained. Most of the dentists were
male (62.5%, n=87) and were practicing in private setting (72%). The cessation
program in dental settings covers a small group of patients (about 18%). About 69.1%
(n=96) of dentists reported to ask their patients about tobacco use. About 86.5%
(n=83) of them indicated to advise their patients to quit, 33.8% (n=47) assessed their
patients readiness and willingness to quit and just about 20% (n=28) of them reported
to help their patients in planning for quit. A far lower percentage reported active
involvement in arranging assistance (4.3%, n= 5). There was no significant difference
between male and female dentists except for those who asked their patients (82%
vs. 60%, P<0.01). Just about 26% of dentists disagreed or strongly disagreed with
the tobacco cessation programs as part of dentists’ professional responsibility.
40% of dentists believed that encouraging patients to quit would make them feel
uncomfortable.
Conclusions: Iranian dentists ask and advise at much higher rates than they assist,
assess, and arrange with patients’ quit attempts. They indicated that they were not
familiar with the clinical guidelines and suggested that lack of training is the major
reason for non-adherence. Therefore, planning to encourage dentists to follow the
protocol such as conducting continuous educational programs is needed.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 94
183099
Effectiveness of Reciproc and iRace on Canal Wall Cleanliness (SEM)

B. DADRESANFAR
1
, A. AKBARI
2
, and N. MOHAMMADZADEH AKHLAGHI
1
,
1
Islamic Azad University
Dental Branch, Tehran, Iran,
2
dentist, Tehran, Iran
Objectives: Reciproc is a newly developed NiTi instrument which claims to clean
the root canal walls with just one instrument. Root canal wall cleanliness can be
evaluated by the amount of the remained debris and smear layer. The aim of this ex-
vivo study was to compare cleaning effectiveness of Reciproc and iRace instruments
in mesiobuccal canals of maxillary molars by SEM analysis.
Methods: A total of 34 MB canals of maxillary first molars with angle of curvature
(20-40) degrees were divided into 4 groups. Samples in group A (n=15) were prepared
with Reciproc #25 and taper of 0.08. Samples in group B (n=15) were by iRace
sequence (#15/0.06, #25/0.04 taper).Two samples served in negative and positive
control groups. Final irrigation consisted of 17% EDTA and 5.25%NaOCl followed by
distilled water. The specimens were examined under SEM and scored on the basis of
numerical evaluation scale for the amount of remained debris and smear layer in 3
different thirds of the canals. Data were subjected to Kruskal-Wallis test.
Results: There was no significant difference in regard to the smear layer between the
two groups A and B. Reciproc left significantly less debris in apical and middle third
of the canal (P<0.03, P<0.07 respectively).
Conclusions: Based on the findings of the present study Reciproc can result in clean
walls in apical and middle thirds of maxillary mesiobuccal canals.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 95
183100
Histocompatibility and Setting Time of Endodontic Cement

M.A. SAGHIRI
1
, A. AHADI
2
, and A. ZIADLOU
2
,
1
Kamal Asgar Reserch Center, Encino, CA,
2
private
practice, Tehran, Iran
Objectives: To evaluate the effect of mixing techniques on Histocompatibility and
the setting time of MTA and Biodentine.
Methods: The samples (n=24) of Wistar albino rats weighing 250±30 g received
subcutaneously polyethylene tubes filled with biodentine and MTA which were
mixed by titration and conventional technique. 15, 30, and 60 days after implantation,
the animals were sacrificed and specimens were prepared for microscopic analysis.
The setting times of cements were analyzed using Gilmore needles according to the
ISO 6876 specification. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey’s test (P≤0.05) for
setting time and Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn test for biocompatibility.
Results: Histologic observation of dental cements 30 and 60 days revealed no
statistically significant difference (P>0.05) among the materials in the subcutaneous
tissues but it was significant on day 15. The initial setting time for MTA and
Biodentine regarding the method of mixing (40, 32 min) were (28, 12min) for MTA
and biodentine respectively.
Conclusions: All the cements represent good histocompatibility but it seems that the
method of mixing may improve this initial setting time so may have influenced the
release of some ingredients of cements like Ca+ and physiological characteristics.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 96
183101
Endodontic Cements Influence on Odontogenic Differentiation of Pulp Stem Cells

M.A. SAGHIRI
1
, A. ZIADLOU
2
, and A. AHADI
2
,
1
Kamal Asgar Reserch Center, Encino, CA,
2
private
practice, Tehran, Iran
Objectives: The regeneration of pulp is a major problem in endodontics. Therefore,
it is desirable to develop new cement to provide infrastructure for pulp regeneration.
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are appropriate cells for evaluating the ability of
Odontogenic differentiation of endodontic cements. The current investigation
evaluated the ability of Odontogenic differentiation of mineral trioxide aggregated
(MTA) and Biodentine.
Methods: In the present study, isolated pulp stem cells from human molars were
cultured and expanded. The cells from passage 3 were then loaded onto (MTA) and
Biodentine cement plugs and treated with odontogenic supplements (OSs) that
included vitamin D3 for a period of 7 days. DPSCs cultivated on cement plugs and
normal pulp tissue were the controls. These groups were compared in terms of
odontogenic differentiation markers.
Results: The activity of Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and the levels of dentine
sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) expression and dentine matrix acidic phosphoprotein 1
(DMP1) genes tended to be significantly higher in the MTA and control (P<0.05). 3D
culture on endodontic cement without OS showed a level of differentiation indicating
an odontogenic property of the endodontic cement.
Conclusions: Regenerative endodontic is now considered a facile therapy to
efficiently restore tooth function. After a tooth injury, dental pulp is involved in
reparative dentinogenesis and may be exposed to endodontic cement including MTA
and biodentne. The present study revealed the differentiation level of the cells is
significantly lower than that of odontoblasts present in pulp tissue. Both MTA and
Biodentine cements possess an odontogenic-inducing property.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 97
183105
Laser Assisted Pain Reduction after Vital Pulp Therapy

M. MOJAHEDI, and M. SHABANI, Rwth International Academy, Aachen, Germany
Objectives: Preservation of the pulp vitality is essential to increase the pulp life and
the tooth surveillance. After involvement of pulp during advanced caries or trauma
accidents, many different pulp therapies may be chosen based on the pulp condition.
Nowadays a novel material called CEM (calcium enrichment material) cement is used
in Iran for vital pulp therapy. In some cases with vital pulp therapy using the CEM
cement (for example in the partial pulpotomy), sometimes the patient experiences
pain and needs to take OTC (over the counter) medication for pain relief. Low-level
laser has pain reduction effect and seems to be an effective method to control pain
in patients with vital pulp therapy, particularly partial pulpotomy.
Methods: After collecting medical and dental history data and also clinical
examination, 20 molar and premolar teeth were allocated randomly in laser and
non-laser groups. For patients who had to receive VPT, the standard procedure was
done, but in laser group, after creation of clot and control of bleeding, low-level laser
(diode laser 980 nm, 2j) was irradiated through the pulp chamber or pulp horn orifice
in non-contact mode and finally, pulp dressing with CEM cement and permanent
filling were done. Patient’s discomfort based on visual analogue scale (VAS) method
and based on need to take any medication (OTC) was measured for the same day and
a day after. SPSS software was used for statistical analysis.
Results: The results of this study showed that pain reduction in laser group was
significantly (P=0.00) better than non-laser group the same day and a day after (P=0.04).
Conclusions: Low-level laser therapy can be used for pain reduction in patients’ VPT
to remove any OTC pain relief medication.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 98
183108
Association of Periodontal Condition with Serum PSA Level

M. GHASEMI, Islamic Azad University Dental Center / Associate Professor, Tehran, Iran, N.
SHAKHSSALIM, Urologist, Associate Professor, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science,
Tehran, Iran; Iranian Urology and Renal Transplantation center, Tehran, Iran, and H. SADEGHI,
Private Practice, Tehran, Iran
Objectives: Cytokine imbalance toward increased pro-inflammatory and decreased
anti-inflammatory cytokines has been implicated in the pathogenesis of both
periodontitis and prostitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate any relationship
between periodontitis and PSA level in chronic prostitis patients.
Methods: In this historical cohort study 40 volunteers were divided into two groups
based on their PSA levels. Group I had PSA level≤4 ng/dl and group II≥4 ng/dl.
Plaque and gingival index, probing depth and clinical attachment level (CAL) were
determined. Statistical analysis between the two groups was done using Leven and
independent T test.
Results: There was statistically significant difference in PSA levels between the two
groups. Also, all the periodontal parameters had higher value for the group with PSA
level≥4 ng/dl and the differences were significant (P<0.001).
Conclusions: Subjects with more severe periodontitis had higher PSA level. Periodontal
conditions may be considered as a factor in increasing the serum PSA level.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 99
183112
Is Anxiety Affecting Iranians’ Oral Health Behavior?

H. BAHRAMIAN
1
, S.Z. MOHEBBI
1
, R. YAZDANI
1
, A.A. NOORBALA
2
, and H. HESSARI
1
,
1
Department of
Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
2
Department of Psychosomatic Diseases, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Objectives: There is an increased risk for impaired dental health among those who
have symptoms of anxiety. This study aimed to determine the association between
anxiety as a component of mental health and oral health behavior of population in
Tehran, Iran.
Methods: The target population included 15 to 64 year-old adults (n=21039)
reached to by a randomized clustered sampling within all 22 districts of Tehran city
in 2012 during URBAN HEART survey by Municipality of Tehran. Anxiety among the
population was measured by 7 questions of anxiety domain of GHQ-28 questionnaire.
A sum variable of anxiety was calculated for each person, later dichotomized as
being normal or disordered according to Goldberg classification. Frequency of tooth
brushing was inquired as an indicator of oral health behavior and age and gender as
demographic features. Chi-square test and Linear regression were applied by SPSS
version 20 software for statistical analysis.
Results: The questionnaires were completed by 20105 individuals (response rate
95%) in all districts of Tehran. The mean age of the study group was 39.1 (SD=13.0)
and 45% were men. The sum for anxiety ranged between 0 and 7 with a mean of
1.6 (SD=2.1). As regards to anxiety level, 63% of the population were categorized
as normal and the others as disordered. Females and older adults revealed more
anxiety than others (P<0.001). Tooth brushing on a daily basis was more frequent
among females, younger, and normal adults in comparison to males, older and
anxious ones (P<0.001).
Conclusions: Females and older age groups of society are more susceptible to
mental health disorders, such as anxiety, which might influence on their health
behaviors and must be tackled with to achieve better oral health outcomes among
the population.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 100
183114
Effect of Magnesium on Bonding Strength of MTA Based Cement

M.A. SAGHIRI, Kamal Asgar Reserch Center, Encino, CA, and P. MEHRIAR, Kamal Asgar Research
Center, Encino, CA
Objectives: Several cements have been suggested for root canal treatment. Among
these, the Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) has unique characteristics including
sealing and osteopromotion. In addition, many studies confirm the effect of
Magnesium components on osteopromotion of medical cements. The main objective
of this work was to assess the dentin-bonding strength and antibacterial activity of
adding 2% Magnesium as Magnesium carbonate to MTA based cement.
Methods: In the current research, 2% Magnesium as Magnesium carbonate
was mixed mechanically with MTA and then mixed according to manufacturer’s
instructions. At this level, 20 extracted human single-rooted teeth were used. The
crowns were removed and spaces were mechanically enlarged using K-files and
Gates Glidden burs. Cements including experimental (n=10) and Control Group were
filled in dentine slices. The filled specimens were then soaked in (37°C) water for
24 h. The specimens were glued to Instron machine and then microtensile bond
strengths to root canal dentin were measured with this device.
Results: The mean bond strengths of each group, with and without 2% Magnesium
carbonate were (8.11±3.21), (6.21±5.01) respectively. Statistically significant
differences were observed among the Magnesium carbonate contained group and
the control group (P≤0.05).
Conclusions: Chemical reaction between cement and dentine fully demanded
and may impede the leakage properties of endodontic cement. The present study
confirmed that adding 2% Magnesium as Magnesium carbonate might improve the
bonding strength of MTA cement.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 101
183118
Evaluation of Oral Medicine New Lesson Plan, Requirement and Questionnaire

Z. JABERIANSARI
1
, G. AZARBAKHSH
1
, Z. MALEKI
2
, and N. HEIDARI
3
,
1
Shahid Beheshti University of
Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
2
Associated Prof., Dept. of Oral Medicine, Dental School, Shahid
Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Tehran, Iran, Tehran, Iran,
3
Dentist, Tehran, Iran
Objectives: Requirement is the minority of what students must do and lesson
plan is a written description of the learning process, both are necessitated for the
improvement of clinical competency. Recently a new lesson plan, requirement, and
questionnaire of Oral Medicine (3) was suggested in dental school of Shahid Beheshti
Medical Sciences University and the present study determined the attitudes of final
year dental students about that.
Methods: In this descriptive study, a new questionnaire, requirement, and lesson
plan for oral lesions were designed using previous lesson plans and opinions of the
department members of staff. The new and previous questionnaires were assessed
by 60 senior dental students in this school. The comments were classified using a
5-scaled Likert measure and statistically analyzed by nonparametric Wilcoxon signed
ranks tests.
Results: 98.4% of the students believed in the comprehension of the new
questionnaire in the diagnosis of oral lesions, 91.7% considered the new measure as
a complete guide to lead the students to the lesions’ diagnosis, and 93.3% suggested
the use of the new questionnaire for the patients with oral lesions along with the
previous one.
Conclusions: It seemed that the use of new questionnaire in addition to the previous
one was potentially useful to improve student’s clinical performance and knowledge
regarding oral lesions’ diagnosis.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 102
183121
A New Grading System for Orthodontic Treatment Quality Assessment

S.M.R. SAFAVI, Dental Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,
Iran, and A. FARZAN, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Objectives: Several methods for assessing the quality of treatment outcomes
in orhtodontics have been developed including Peer Assessment Rating (PAR)
Index, American Board of Orthodontics Objective Grading System (ABO OGS), and
Comprehensive Clinical Assessment (CCA). These methods, however have several
limitations, such as the absence of weight for their criteria and assuming an individual
ideal as a reference for all the possible clinical situations. In this regard, considering these
limitations, the current study has tried to introduce a new commitment based model.
Methods: In preliminary phase of this study, holding several academic panel
discussion sessions were held to recognize possible limitations of the mentioned
methods. Also, the new model was discussed based on clinician’s commitments
according to a prioritized problem list (involving patient demands, accessibility of
treatment goals, cost-benefit ratio etc.) and it was tried to develop a new grading
system for outcome assessment of orthodontic treatments in this regard. Moreover,
5 faculty member orthodontists were asked to rank 10 selected cases (including
common malocclysion and treatment plans) in an ordered list using ABO OGS and
also by their own experience in a separate list. A ranking was made by the new
model as well. The new model was then compared with previous ones in assessing
10 selected cases as a preliminary step in model development.
Results: In this preliminary project, several controversies among skilled orthodontists
were recognized on use of available methods such as ABO OGS for outcome
assessment. Also a better compatibility between the proposed model and skilled
orthodontists’ ranking in the selected cases was found.
Conclusions: A commitment oriented grading system may better be recognized for
assessing the quality of treatment provided by orthodontists, especially in academic
settings. Further investigations including a larger group of experts and cases are
needed for developing a mature model.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 103
183123
Effect of Enoxolone on Dental Plaque, Gingival Inflammation, and Bleeding

H. MOGHADDAS, Professor, Department of Periodontology, Shahid Beheshti University of medical
sciences, Tehran, Iran, O. MOGHADDAS, Islamic Azad University, Dental Branch, Tehran, Tehran,
Iran, and S. TOOPCHI, Islamic Azad University Dental Branch, Tehran, Iran
Objectives: Enoxolon is a natural licorice and its formula is similar to cortisone. In
this double blind randomized match control clinical trial the effect of Arthrodont
toothpaste containing 1% Enoxolone was tested.
Methods: 40 patients who had gingivitis were selected. They were assigned to brush
their teeth twice daily for three minutes then massage the gums with pastes for
one minute and then wash their mouth. The patients were divided into two groups:
Arthrodont toothpaste that contains Enoxolon, was given to the test group and
Crest toothpaste which does not have Enoxolon, was given to the control group.
At the beginning of the study and after 21 days, plaque, gingival, and bleeding
indices were measured. The statistical analyses were done by Paird T test, T test and
nonparametrical analysis of Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney.
Results: Statistical analyses showed that in both groups, the three indices had
decreased significantly and in comparison between the two groups, the gingival and
bleeding indices had significantly decreased in the test group.
Conclusions: The results of this clinical study showed that Enoxolon has anti-
inflammatory effect on gingivitis.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 104
183128
Antimicrobial Comparison of Green Tea Extract and Calcium Hydroxide

P. MEHRVARZFAR, Islamic Azad University, Dental Branch, Tehran, Tehran, Iran, M. VATANPOUR,
Azad University Dental Branch, Tehran, Iran, B. DADRESANFAR, Islamic Azad University Dental
Branch, Tehran, Iran, and B. MADANI, Dentist, Tehran, Iran
Objectives: The elimination or reduction of bacteria from root canal system using
intracanal medication is an important step during endodontic therapy. In this regard,
the purpose of this study was to compare the antibacterial effect of a Green Tea
Extract (GTE) and calcium hydroxide as intracanal dressings in the dentinal tubules.
Methods: In this ex vivo study, 44 extracted human single rooted teeth were
prepared with rotary nickel-titanium instruments and irrigated with EDTA 17% and
sodium hypochlorite 5.25% to remove smear layer. All canals were inoculated with
an Enterococcus Faecalis suspension for 2 weeks, then the samples were divided into
two experimental groups (20 canals in each group) and two positive and negative
controls. The infected canals in group 1 and 2 were dressed by GTE and calcium
hydroxide creamy pastes, respectively. All restored samples were kept in incubator
at 37°C humid environment for a week. Then, dentinal shavings were harvested
from each root canal wall the following day and transferred to Bile Esculin Agar
plate to culture and count colony forming units of E.Faecalis. The CFU/ml data were
statistically analyzed by Mann U-Whitney test.
Results: Significant statistical difference was observed between each experimental
group and control group (P<0.05). The percentage of bacterial reduction in group 1
and 2 was 92.47% and 99.86 %, respectively (P<0.05).
Conclusions: It seems that intracanal dressing of both calcium hydroxide and Green
Tea Extract (GTE) may exert an effective antimicrobial action against E.Faecalis inside
the dentinal tubules. Regarding other benefits of herbal green tea, it might be used
as a suitable alternative for disinfecting canal medication.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 105
183129
Regenerative Endodontic Treatment of Immature Permanent Teeth by Using PRP

H. BAKHTIAR, Assistant Professor of Endodontic Department, Islamic Azad University, Dental
Branch,Tehran, Tehran, Iran, and AREZOO RAYANI
Objectives: The alternative regenerative endodontics versus traditional endodontic
techniques will have lots of favors for the patients in order to maintain their natural
teeth functions. Considering the disinfection of the root canal systems using the
three mixed antibiotics (metronidazol, minociclyne, and cyprofloxacyne), this study
presented a new hypothesis that using an accelerator for proliferation of progenitor
will lead to development of open apexes in these teeth.
Methods: There were 5 immature non-vital teeth with apical periodontitis in
this research. After doing the radiographic and clinical testing and access cavity
preparation, the pulp champers were irrigated with copious amount of 0.5%
hypochlorite followed by 10 cc normal saline. The three mixed antibiotic were then
placed in pulp champers and the teeth were temporary restored. After two weeks
the teeth were mechanically irritated to bleeding with a large file to bleeding and the
activated PRP with cacl2 which was extracted from the own penitents, were rinsed
to the pulp chambers to form the blood clot and teeth were temporarily restored
again. Two weeks later considering no sign and symptoms a double sealed crown
filling were placed on the teeth and the 3, 6, and 9-month follow-ups were done in
all patients.
Results: In the first 3-month follow-up in all cases increase of the dentinal walls
thickness and closing the apex in at least one case was observed. In the 6-month
follow-up increasing the dentinal walls thickness in one case and closing all the other
apexes were reported and in the 9-month follow-up continuing the increasing of the
dentinal walls thickness were mentioned.
Conclusions: The results of this in vivo research confirmed the hypothesis that
“using an accelerator for proliferation of progenitor will lead to development of open
apexes in non-vital immature teeth”.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 106
183133
Real-Time PCR Quantification of Periodontal Pathogens in Diabetic Kuwaiti Chil-
dren

M. KARCHED
1
, S. GEORGE
1
, R. BHARDWAJ
1
, P. PHILIP
1
, A.R. INBAMANI
1
, S.E. ASIKAINEN
1
, and A.K.
AL-KHABBAZ
2
,
1
Oral Microbiology Section, Department of Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry,
Kuwait University., Kuwait, Kuwait,
2
Department of Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Kuwait
University., Kuwait, Kuwait
Objectives: Prevalence of type-1 diabetes in children is increasing worldwide. A
link has appeared between diabetes and periodontal diseases. Although diabetes
in Kuwaiti children is common, no information is available of their periodontal
microbiota. The aiom of this study was to assess the levels of major periodontal
pathogens in diabetic and non-diabetic Kuwaiti children with gingivitis.
Methods: 6 children (14-18 years old) were included; 3 diabetics (HbA1C>7%) and
3 controls (HbA1C≤5.5%). None had received antibiotics during the preceding 3
months. 8 subgingival paper point samples were collected per child. Bacterial DNA
was purified using DNeasy kit (Qiagen) and quantified on ABI Fast 7900 HT RT-PCR
machine using Power SYBR Green
”
kit and species-specific primers. The detection
limit for all target species was 10
2
CFU/ml.
Results: The detection rates among diabetics versus controls were for Aggregatibacter
actinomycetemcomitans (Aa; 2 vs. 3), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg; 2 vs. 3),
Prevotella intermedia (Pi; 2 vs. 1), Prevotella nigrescens (Pn; 2 vs. 2), Fusobacterium
nucleatum (Fn; 3 vs. 3), Campylobacter rectus (Cr; 3 vs. 3), and Parvimonas micra
(Pm; 2 vs. 2). Pg, Fn and Cr quantities were low (≤10
3
CFU/ml) in all children and
did not significantly (P>0.05) differ between the groups. Aa and Pm neither differed
(P>0.05) between the groups, although their mean quantities were higher in children
with [(Aa: 1.15x10
5
(1.9x10
5
), Pm: 2.4x10
4
(3.4x10
4
) CFU/ml] than without [(Aa:
1.6x10
4
(7.3x10
3
), Pm: 1x10
4
(9x10
3
) CFU/ml] diabetes. Mean (SD) quantities of Pi
and Pn were elevated [5x10
5
(7x10
5
) and 5.6x10
5
(7x10
5
) CFU/ml] in 2 of 3 patients
in the diabetes group, but the difference from the non-diabetes group did not reach
statistical significance. The diabetic with the lowest number of target bacteria also
had the lowest HbA1C.
Conclusion: While the target species seem common, diabetics may support the peak
quantities. The results encourage analyzing larger study populations.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 107
183134
CBCT and Periapical Radiography in Diagnosis of Strip Root Perforations

L. ATASH BIZ YEGANEH
1
, M. ADEL
2
, and M. TOFANGCHIHA
2
,
1
Qazvin University of Medical Sciences,
Endodontics department, Tehran, Iran,
2
Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
Objectives: To compare the accuracy of conventional periapical radiography (PR)
and CBCT in detecting strip root perforations in the absence and presence of gutta-
percha root fillings.
Methods: In this in vitro experimental study, mesial root canals of 97 extracted
human mandibular molar teeth were prepared. Distal wall of the mesiolingual canals
were thinned in the danger zone. Then 51 teeth were randomly perforated. Before
and after obturation, PR (3 horizontal angulations: 20 degree mesial, straight and 20
degree distal) and CBCT were performed and evaluated by two observers. Chi square
and Fisher Exact tests were used for statistical analysis, with significance level set at
P=0.05.
Results: In the absence of root filling, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of CBCT
was superior to PR (P<0.05). In the presence of root filling, the sensitivity of PR was
significantly higher (P<0.05), although specificity and accuracy were not significantly
different. After root canal obturation, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of
CBCT were significantly dropped (P<0.05). However, the sensitivity, specificity and
accuracy of PR were significantly increased (P<0.05).
Conclusions: Under the conditions of this in vitro study, in the absence of root filling,
CBCT was superior to PR. In the presence of root filling, PR was more sensitive. The
presence of root filling reduced the ability of CBCT and increased the ability of PR in
detecting strip root perforations.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 108
183136
Diagnosis of Gingival Biotype by Probing Technique vs. Visual Method

R. SHARIATMADAR AHMADI, department of periodontics, dental branch, Islamic Azad University,
Tehran, Iran, Tehran, Iran, R. TAVASSOLI, dentist, Tehran, Iran, D.S. MAHOUTCHI, dental student,
dental branch, Islamic Azad university, Tehran, Iran, and A. ORUMCHI, dental student ,dental
branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Objectives: this study evaluated the reliability of visually assessing the facial gingival
biotype of maxillary and mandibular teeth with and without the use of a periodontal
probe in comparison with direct measurements.
Methods: 100 teeth in 67 patients (42 male, 25 female) with mean age of 36.02 (range
18 to 66 years) with maxillary and mandibular teeth participated in this study. Three
methods were used to evaluate the thickness of the gingival biotype of the failing
tooth: Visual, periodontal probing, and direct measurement. Prior to extraction,
the gingival biotype was identified as either thick or thin via visual assessment and
assessment with a periodontal probe. After tooth extraction, direct measurement of
the gingival thickness was performed to nearest 0.1 mm using tension free caliper.
The gingival biotype was considered thin if the measurement was ≤1.0 mm and thick
if measured >1.0 mm. The assessment methods were compared using MacNamer
test at a significance level of α=0.05
Results: The mean gingival thickness obtained from direct measurements was
0.96±0.25 mm. The MacNemer test showed a statistically significant difference
when comparing the visual assessment with assessment using a periodontal probe
(P=0.001). However, there was no statistically significant difference when comparing
the assessment with a periodontal probe and direct measurement (P=0.607).
Conclusions: Assessment with a periodontal probe is an adequately reliable and
objective method in evaluating gingival biotype, whereas visual assessment of the
gingival biotype by itself is not sufficiently reliable compared to direct measurement.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 109
183140
Fissure-Sealants Microleakage Based on the Type of Solvent in Bonding-Agents

H. NEMATOLLAHI
1
, M. EBRAHIMI
1
, and M. BOSKABADY
2
,
1
Assocated professor of Pediatric Dentistry,
Department of pediatric dentistry, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences,
Mashhad, Iran, Mashhad, Iran,
2
Assistant Professor of Pediatric Dentistry, Dental Material Research
Center, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, Mashhad, Iran
Objectives: Despite the proposed application of bonding agents during salivary
contamination before sealant, no study that evaluates the impact of the bases of
this agents on microleakage of fissure sealants has been done yet. Studies about
adherence of new bonding agents on wet enamel have not shown conceiving results.
The aim of this study was evaluation of the effect of enamel surface conditions (wet,
dry, and saliva contamination) and dentin bonding agents with acetone or ethanol
bases on the microleakage of sealants.
Methods: 150 maxillary premolars were divided into 3 groups after etching: dry, wet
with water, and contaminated with saliva. Each of them was divided to 3 subgroups:
use of ethanol base bonding (Single Bond), use of acetone base bonding (Solobond),
and without bonding (N=15). Eventually, the fissures were covered with Clinpro
sealant. After thermocycling, the amount of microleakage was assessed using dye
penetration technique qualitatively. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and
Mann-Whitney tests.
Results: The use of Solobond significantly decreased microleakage compared to
Single Bond (P<0.001) and without bonding (P=0.001). Regarding surface conditions,
the microleakage of wet and dry enamel were significantly lower than contaminated
enamel (P<0.001), but there was no significant difference between dry and wet
enamel (P=0.11). The highest microleakage was found in saliva contaminated-
without bonding sealants and the lowest microleakage in dry-without bonding and
dry-Solobond groups. Conclusions: Acetone base bonding compared to ethanol base
bonding showed considerable superiority in reducing microleakage under salivary
contamination. But the best method was applying sealant directly on the dry enamel
without intermediate bonding layer.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 110
183142
The Influence of Implant Dimension on Stress Frequency Responses

M. AZARIAN, Dental Faculty of Islamic Azad University Khorasgan (Isfahan) Branch, Isfahan, Iran
Objectives: Chewing forces on the dental implants make undesirable stresses around
surrounded implant bone. These stresses result in bone defect and implant failure.
The aim of this study was to do harmonic analysis and evaluate the effect of implant
dimensions on the stress distribution by means of finite element method.
Methods: The present study included three dimensional mandibular bones in
the second premolar, ITI implant, rigid connector, and chewing force that were
analyzed in ABAQUS software program by three dimensional finite element
method. In this evaluation dental implant and jawbone had to exactly be modeled
in the software program.
Results: There were not any modulations in the different frequencies. Increasing of
frequencies from 0 to 30 HZ did not have any effect on the dental implant. Maximum
stress was made in the neck of narrow neck implant and stress was decreased by the
increasing of diameter.
Conclusions: Regarding to the results of this study, frequencies on the dental implant
in compared with resonance frequencies had difference. Natural implant frequencies
were not stimulated by chewing frequencies. So different implant failures in different
frequencies were not related to implant frequencies. The best choice for each patient
could be implant with maximum diameter regarding to anatomic condition.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 111
183146
Accuracy of Different Image Modalities in Detection of Bone Lesions

R. BARDAL, Assistant Professor, Department of Radiology, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences,
ghazvin, Iran, M. DEHGHANI, Assistant Professor, Department of Radiology, Shahid Sadoughi
University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, yazd, Iran, H. JAHANIHASHEMI, associate professor, Department
of Biostatistics, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran, Qazvin, Iran, M. MOSTAFAVI,
assistant professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial radiology , Uromie University of Medical
Sciences, Uromie , Iran;, uromie, Iran, E. KALHOR, .S Shahidbolandian Health Centre, Qazvin, Iran,
Qazvin, Iran, and M. TOFANGCHIHA, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
Objectives: Radiography is one of the most useful methods in dentistry. The
optimal goal of radiography is providing high quality diagnostic images with the
least radiation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of cone-beam
computed tomography (CBCT) and intra oral photostimulable phosphor plate (PSP)
and film in detection of artificial cancellous bone lesions.
Methods: 7 dried human mandibles were used for this study. The mandibles were
put inside water bath made of Plexiglass plates. Then PSP and CBCT imaging were
performed. Mandibles were struck by a coping saw in buccolingual shape and
dimensions of the oval lesions in 6.1 °Á 6.1 mm, 3 °Á 6.1 mm and 4 °Á 4 mm were
created by milling into the spongy bone. After fixing the two parts together (buccal
and lingual) imaging was repeated again. Presence or absence of lesions on images
were obtained and then evaluated and recorded by two observers. Using SPSS 16,
compatibility level, sensitivity, and specificity and ROC analysis were determined for
each observer.
Results: Internal agreement of observers in all three imaging methods was low to
moderate (kappa≤0.613). The external agreement in all three imaging methods was
moderate (kappa=0.406). The area under the curve (AZ) of imaging techniques in
each observation was not significantly different. In addition, the area under the
lesion size curve (AZ) for the two observers was not significantly different.
Conclusions: The lesions confined to spongy bone could be identified on film, PSP,
CBCT. But interpretation of PSP and CBCT images needed more skills and training.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 112
183151
Evaluation of One Iranian Probiotic Yogurt’s Effect on Salivary S. Mutans Count

P. MOEINI, Assistant Professor, Islamic Azad university. dental branch-pediatric department, Tehran,
Iran, N. JAMEI, dentist, Ahwaz, Iran, and M. MOHAMADI, dentist, Karaj, Iran
Objectives: Nowadays production and consumption of probiotics are growing.
Yogurt is one of the most common vehicles for probiotics. In recent years, potential
of these products for reduction of salivary counts of Streptococcus mutans has been
the subject of many studies. In this study, the influence of one type of local probiotic
yogurt and an ordinary yogurt (Pegah Company) on the salivary counts of S. mutans
has been examined.
Methods: In the present study that was conducted as “clinical trial double-blind
randomized crossover”, 30 healthy dental students participated. Salivary counts of
participants’ Streptococcus mutans were determined by using the mitis salivarius
agar environment at the base time, after 3 weeks run in period, (T1), after the
completion of 3 weeks consumption (T2), and 3 weeks after discontinuity (T3) of
probiotic yoghurt, ordinary yogurt (C1) or none of them (C2) by considering 3 weeks
washout period. The data were analyzed in terms of intra-group and inter-groups
differences by Repeated Measures and Paired-Samples T respectively. Statistical
significant level was established at P<0.05.
Results: The results showed significant differences in the salivary counts of S.
mutans between probiotic and control groups C1 (P=0.009 ) and C2 (P=0.012 ) at
T2. However, there was no difference between C1 and C2 measures at any of the
time points. Besides, a significant count reduction in the salivary S. mutans was
noticed duringT1-T2 period (p= 0.028) within the probiotic group, but there was no
significant difference during T2-T3 period.
Conclusions: It seemed that a 3 weeks period of probiotic yogurt consumption had
an ability to reduce the number of salivary Streptococcus mutans and this effect
remained 3 weeks after discontinuity.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 113
183153
Evaluation of Silicone Effect on Implant Abutment Interface Microbial Leakage

M.R. TALEBI ARDAKANI
1
, G. ESLAMI
2
, M.J. KHARAZI-FARD
3
, M.T. BAGHANI
4
, S. SHIDFAR
4
, S. SALAHI
5
,
and M. MEYMANDI
6
,
1
Associate Professor, Department of Periodontics, Dental School, Shahid
Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
2
Associate Professor of Microbiology, Medical
School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
3
Dentist, Member Dental
Research Center, Tehran University / Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
4
Student, Gifted and Talented
Dental Students Division, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,
Iran,
5
Resident of periodontics, Department of periodontics, Shahid Beheshti university of medical
sciences, Tehran, Iran,
6
department of periodontics, school of dentistry, Shahid Beheshti university
of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
Objectives: Soft tissue inflammation and bone resorption around the implants have
always been one of the complications associated with implant treatments. The
microbial leakage of implant-abutment interface has been considered as a cause
for this phenomenon in many pieces of research. The purpose of this study was to
evaluate the effect of silicone on implant abutment interface microbial leakage in 5
different systems including 3i, Astra, Replace, Swissplus, and SPI of which each one
has special connection between implant and abutment.
Methods: 50 samples of systems mentioned above were evaluated in 2 phases:
outward and inward. In the first stage, after the injection of silicone into the implant
hole, connection screw was inoculated with E.Coli solution and the abutment
was connected to the implant according to the manufacturer’s protocol. Then
the samples were placed in cryo-tubes which contained semi-solid simple gelose
environment and feeding solution. Microbial leakage was evaluated after 24 hours
in these samples. In the second stage, the samples were placed in cryo-tubes after
the injection of silicone same as the first stage. The only difference was that E.Coli
solution was used instead of feeding solution and leakage was evaluated after 72
hours in these samples.
Results: In the first stage because of the outer surface contamination, many of the
samples were excluded. Finally, leakage was evaluated between the rest of the
samples and there was no significant statistical difference between groups (P=0.465).
In the second stage, leakage was evaluated after 72 hours and the Astra group showed
significantly lower leakage than others (P=0.039). However, the difference of leakage
between the other groups was not statistically significant (P=0.127).
Conclusions: The usage of silicone gel is not able to completely seal the implant-
abutment interface. The most efficacy of this gel is reducing the leakage in those
systems that have tapered connection (as Astra).

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 114
183155
The Effect of Intranasal Midazolam with/without N2O/O2 on Children’s Behavior

Y. REZVANI, Assistant Professor of pediatric dentistry, Shahid Beheshti university of medical sciences,
Tehran, Iran, N. ASKARIZADEH, associate professor of pediatric dentistry , Azad university of medical
sciences, Tehran, Iran, F. DEHGHAN, assisstant professor of pediatric dentistry , Azad university of
medical sciences, Tehran, Iran, and M. MIRESKANDARI, associate professor of anaesthesiology ,
Tehran university of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
Objectives: Managing children with behavioral problems remains a major challenge
for pediatric dentists. Children do not have capability to fully cope with stressful
situations due to reasons such as limited coping skills, immature reasoning, and
anxiety/fear resulting from lack of experience. Sedation can be helpful in minimizing
stress in an uncooperative child. The aim of the present research was to evaluate
the effect of intranasal midazolam with/without inhalation sadation (N2O/O2) on
children’s behavior under dental treatment.
Methods: In this clinical trial, 28 samples, were sedated randomly, once by the
combination of intranasal midazolam with nasal drops of lidocaine hydrochloride
2% without inhalation sedation (A). In the next session, inhalation sedation (N20/02)
with intranasal (lidocaine/midazolam) was administered (B). In the second session
two protocols were randomly changed. To evaluate the patient’s behavior and depth
of sedation, Houpt scoring system was used. To compare the redundancy of the items
with regard to cross-over design of the study, Wilcoxon-sign Rank test was used.
Results: Of the 28 samples analyzed, group B showed significant difference in the
index of general behavior compared to group A only after 15 minutes and at the end
of treatment (P<0.05). No significant differences were seen at the time of onset and
discharge (P>0.05). Index of movement and crying in group B showed a significant
difference compared to group A, only after 15 minutes and at the end of treatment
(P<0.05). No significant differences were seen at the time of onset and discharge
(P>0.05). Index of drowsiness did not significantly differ between the two groups and
at all times (P>0.05).
Conclusions: It is recommended to use inhalation sedation combined with intranasal
midazolam to manage the behavior of children undergoing dental treatments.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 115
183157
Knowledge of Dentists About Stepwise Excavation and Pulp Capping

S. BANAVA, Islamic Azad University Dental Branch, Tehran, Iran, M. KARIMI, Islamic Azad University
-Dental Branch, Tehran, Iran, and M. SAFAIE YAZDI, Islamic Azad University-Dental Branch, Tehran, Iran
Objectives: Dentist’s knowledge of new dental treatments and conservative
restorative methods to preserve the pulp vitality is of great importance. The object of
this descriptive study was to evaluate the knowledge of the dentists about Stepwise
Excavation (SE) and pulp capping techniques.
Methods: In this descriptive study, 89 dentists who had participated in the recently
held dental congress of Iranian Dental Association (IDA) were randomly enrolled.
A self-administered questionnaire including personal (age, gender, academic level)
and scientific information about pulp capping and SE was individually handed to
the participants. The reliability and validity of this questionnaire was previously
evaluated. The data were analyzed by statistical tests with significance of 0.05.
Results: 89 participants (41 male, 48 female) ranging from 23 to 62 years old, were
enrolled in the research, 20 of which were students, 63 general practitioners and
6 specialists (oral and maxillofacial surgeon, endodontist, prosthodontist, oral
pathologist and periodontist). Only 14% of the participants were aware of SE, 28%
of whom reported prior application of SE. In case of deep caries occurrence, 39% of
participants believed in removing the caries completely even when pulp exposure
happened, while 48% preferred to leave some caries behind followed by restoration
and sealing the cavity, and finally 15% chose the root canal therapy. Regarding the
knowledge rank, only 1.1% (one person) showed a medium awareness of SE, indirect
pulp capping (IPC) and direct pulp capping (DPC) and the remaining 98.9% achieved
low marks. Also 78% reported applying calcium hydroxide as the most common liner
in the pulp capping technique.
Conclusions: According to the results of this study and weak knowledge of dentists
about SE, IPC and DPC techniques, it seems crucial to consider continuing education
courses in this field.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 116
183158
Selective Alveolar Decortication Technique for Facilitating Orthodontic Tooth
Movement

J. MEHRANI SABET, Assistant professor, Department of Periodontics, Dental faculty, Mazandaran
University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
Objectives: Demineralization of a thin layer of bone covering a root prominence
after performing alveolar decortication surgery can facilitate the response to applied
orthodontic forces, which leads to rapid tooth movement and is in accordance with
the regional acceleratory phenomenon seen in bone augmentation.
Methods: Since alveolar decortication technique has been introduced as a new
approach for accelerating orthodontic tooth movement and based on the articles
reviewed, the aim of this review was to describe the mechanism and benefits of this
technique over traditional tooth movement with orthodontic forces.
Results: Selective alveolar decortication was reported to increase the turnover rate
of alveolar spongiosa, leading to acceleration of remodeling of the bone, which
could describe the mechanism underlying the rapid tooth movement after selective
alveolar decortication observed in clinical trials.
Conclusion: The selective alveolar decortication technique provides for efficient
and stable orthodontic tooth movement. Compared with traditional orthodontic
treatment, this treatment has the main advantage of shortening the treatment
times, which is beneficial for many patients.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 117
183159
Accuracy of Two Radiographic Techniques in Diagnosis of Root Fractures

Z. SHAKIBAEI, Assistant Professor , Department Of Oral And Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty Of
Dentistry , Hamadan University Of Medical Science, Hamadan, Iran
Objectives: This study was performed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of cone
beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans and digital radiography (PSP) for detecting
experimentally induced different root fractures (longitudinal and transverse) in
extracted human teeth.
Methods: 44 extracted single rooted premolars mounted in a dry human mandible
for assessment of longitudinal root fractures were endodontically prepared and
divided into 2 groups. The teeth in group A were artificially fractured and those in
group B were not. Longitudinal fractures were induced in 22 of 44 premolars. For
horizontal root fracture, 44 maxillary central incisors were used that in 22 of which,
fractures were created in horizontal plane by a mechanical force with hammer and
fragments were relocated. They were placed in the respective empty maxillary
anterior sockets of a human dry skull. Intraoral radiographs were obtained by a PSP
sensors (Digora Optime). Cone beam CT images were taken with a unit (Promax 3D,
Planmeca Helsinki Finland). 4 observers evaluated the CBCT scans and PSP images.
Results: Sensitivity and specificity for longitudinal root fracture detection of CBCT
were 0.48, 0.92 and for PSP were 0.29, 0.87, respectively and in horizontal root
fracture were 0.97, 0.73 for CBCT and 0.89, 0.85 for PSP. The results showed an
overall higher accuracy for CBCT (0.70) scans higher than PSP (0.59) for detecting
longitudinal root fractures and slightly overall higher accuracy for PSP (0.87) scans
than CBCT (0.85) for detecting horizontal root fractures.
Conclusions: CBCT outperformed the digital radiography in detecting simulated
longitudinal root fractures but not in horizontal root fractures.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 118
183160
SEM Evaluation of Etching Pattern of 18%HCL: A Pilot Study

S. BANAVA, Islamic Azad University Dental Branch, Tehran, Iran, M.A. SAGHIRI, Kamal Asgar Reserch
Center, Encino, CA, M. MALEKI GORJI, Islamic Azad University-Dental Branch, Tehran, Iran, and S.
ETTEHADIE, Islamic Azad University -Dental Branch, Tehran, Iran
Objectives: Resin Infiltration Technique (RIT) has been suggested to prevent the
progression of incipient caries and sealing the demineralized tooth structure. In this
technique, 15% HCL is applied for 120 seconds to erode the enamel surface followed
by application of a special resin to seal the demineralized parts. The aim of this study
was to evaluate the effect of 18% HCL, made in Iran on etching pattern of enamel and
compare it with 15% HCL by SEM in different times.
Methods: In this pilot study, some extracted human anterior teeth were selected to
provide sound enamel surface. Samples were randomly divided into the following groups
of 3 as follows; Group1: 15%HCL (Icon, DMG, Germany) – 120 s (control). Group2: 18%HCL
(Kimia, Iran) – 60 s. Group3: 18%HCL (Kimia, Iran) – 90 s. Group4: 18%HCL (Kimia, Iran)
– 120 s. The samples were prepared for SEM evaluation. The etching pattern and line
scanning were evaluated and compared with significance of 0.05.
Results: SEM evaluation indicated that Group2 resulted in partial etching pattern
on enamel in comparison to control group; no homogenous patterns in the surface
erosion were observed. 90 s application of this acid was more aggressive than 120 s
of 15%HCL with demineralization of interprismatic parts more than control group. In
Group4 the mean demineralization depth was 19 micron.
Conclusions: Results of this pilot study revealed that 60 s application time of 18%HCL
(made in Iran), caused partial etching of enamel which will be not appropriate for diffusion
of resin in next step. It seems that a research should be conducted on evaluating a time
between 60-90s for acceptable etching pattern of enamel for resin diffusion.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 119
183162
Placebo Medication for Pain Relief During Scaling and Root Planning

G. RADAFSHAR, Associate Professor of periodotology, Oral and Maxillofacial Developmental Disease
Research Center, School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences. Rasht, Iran, Rasht, Iran,
S. HAJIZADEH, General Dentist, Private practice, Rasht, Iran, E. KAZEMNEZHAD, Assistant Professor
of Biostatistics, Oral and Maxillofacial Developmental Disease Research Center, Guilan University
of Medical Sciences. Rasht, Iran, Rasht, Iran, and N. MIRFARHADI, MSc in Nursing Education, Oral
and Maxillofacial Developmental Disease Research Center, School of Dentistry, Guilan University of
Medical Sciences. Rasht, Iran, Rasht, Iran
Objectives: One-stage full mouth scaling and root planning (SRP) should be
performed together with pain control modalities of low risk and side effects. This
investigation aimed at evaluating the placebo effect on pain perception during SRP.
Methods: 182 patients participated in this double-blind, randomized, controlled
clinical trial. Having signed an informed consent, each patient filled a modified
dental anxiety index upon entry. Based on random blocks, 91 patients received one
placebo capsule 30 minutes before SRP as a potent painkiller, and 91 control subjects
received SRP alone. Base-line periodontal and confounding variables were measured
in each sextant by a blind examiner. Pain was recorded using a 10 cm line VAS as
well as a 5-point verbal Likert scale (VRS-5) during SRP for each sextant of dentition.
Statistical analysis was accomplished by SPSS version19.
Results: There was no statistical difference between placebo and control groups
regarding VAS and VRS-5 scores using Mann-Whitney test. Multiple linear regression
model controlling for co-variables revealed a statistical significant lower pain
perception mean in placebo compared to control group based on VAS (β= 0.6,
95%CI=-0.3, -0.88, P<0.0001). Moreover, multiple ordinal logistic regression model
showed lower mean of pain reported through VRS-5 by placebo group than controls
(β=0.24, 95%CI=0.007, 0.465, P<0.043). Spearman rank test disclosed correlation
between the two pain measuring methods (rsp=0.917, P<0.0001).
Conclusions: Within the limitation of this study, placebo effect was capable of
reducing pain during SRP compared to control. Significant confounders for pain
perception during SRP are age, anxiety, mean probing pocket depth, sub-gingival
calculus, symptomatic dentin defects, and faulty restorations.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 120
183163
Determining Depth and Radius of Curve of Spee: A Pilot Study

A. FAYAZ, Assistant Professor, Tehran, Iran, M. HEMMATI, pedodontics department, Hamedan, Iran,
and F.S. MIRHASHEMI, PhD student, Mechanics of Agricultural Engineering, Ferdowsi University of
Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran; Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences of Shahid
Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine and analyze the depth and
radius of curve of spee in maxilla in a group of Iranian specimens.
Methods: 44 dentistry students (21 male, 23 female) with permanent healthy
dentition participated in this study. After making impression of maxilla and preparing
maxillary casts, they were transferred to a semi adjustable articulator using air-
bow. The tip of cusp of cupid and tips of buccal cusps of first and second premolars
and molar teeth were determined by means of a coordinated measuring machine
in three dimensions. The depth and radius of curve of spee of maxillary cast were
analyzed by computer software (mechanical auto desk 2007). SPSS and T test were
used for statistical significance (P<0.05).
Results: The curve of spee in maxilla showed a mean radius of 102.90 mm and had a
depth of 1.64 mm. This curve was significantly deeper in subjects with oval face form
and was not influenced by the gender.
Conclusions: In determining and reconstruction of plane of occlusion it seemed
that to make a more precise curve of spee, the facial form of the patient must be
considered.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 121
183164
Evaluation of Genotoxic Effects of Two Endodontic Cements

N. NAGHAVI
1
, and J. GHODDUSI
1,2
,
1
Dental Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Mashhad
University of Medical Sciences (MUMS), Mashhad, Iran, Mashhad, Iran,
2
professor of endodontics,
Mashhad, Iran
Objectives: Recently, a novel endodontic cement has been introduced to dentistry:
calcium enriched mixture (CEM) cement. In the present study, the genotoxic and
cytotoxic effects of this cement were evaluated compared with ProRoot MTA on
L929 mouse fibroblasts.
Methods: The genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of MTA and CEM were compared using
MTT as well as single-cell gel (comet) assays with 9 serial ascending concentrations
(0 to 1000 µg/mL) of tested materials.
Results: In terms of cytotoxicity, there was no significant difference between CEM
and MTA at all concentrations except for the full concentration (1000 µg/mL);
CEM had lower cytotoxicity (P=0.019). Genotoxic effects were more evident with
CEM at concentrations of 15.6 and 250 µg/mL compared with MTA; however, this
toxicity was less than that of MTA at concentrations of 500 and 1000 µg/mL. When
the concentration of both materials was gradually augmented, the cytotoxicity and
genotoxicity effects of the 2 experimental groups generally increased.
Conclusions: Under the conditions of this in vitro study, CEM was more effective than
MTA in full concentration. This novel endodontic cement is biocompatible in terms
of cyto- and genotoxicity. CEM appears to be an alternative to MTA as an endodontic
biomaterial offering several advantages.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 122
183166
Long Term Survival Rate of teeth Requiring Multiple Treatment Procedure

G. RADAFSHAR, Associate Professor of periodotology, Oral and Maxillofacial Developmental Disease
Research Center, School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences. Rasht, Iran, Rasht, Iran,
A. SHAHBAZI MOGHADDAM, Dentist, Private Practice, Rasht, Iran, Rasht, Iran, M. TARAMSARI,
Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht,
Iran, Rasht, Iran, F. DARABI, Department of Operative and Esthetic Dentistry, School of Dentistry,
Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran, Rasht, Iran, and N. MIRFARHADI, MSc in Nursing
Education, Oral and Maxillofacial Developmental Disease Research Center, School of Dentistry,
Guilan University of Medical Sciences. Rasht, Iran, Rasht, Iran
Objectives: Preservation or replacement of teeth requiring multiple treatment
procedures is still a common dilemma for practitioners especially with emerging
trends in implant dentistry. This study sought to determine the 3 to >10-year
survival rate of teeth that had undergone combined endodontic, periodontal, and
prosthodontic treatments.
Methods: 245 teeth in 87 patients were clinically and radiographically evaluated.
The patients were contacted by phone. All the teeth had received crown lengthening
surgery (CLS) by a single periodontist. Root canal therapy and prosthehetic
procedures were rendered either by specialists or experienced general dentists.
Aside from lost teeth, the criteria for a hopeless tooth was defined and applied at the
time of examination. Survival rate was determined using the Kaplan-Meier estimator.
Clinical indices including pocket depth (PD), bleeding points index, C/R ratio, position
of the restoration margin relative to the gingival margin (RM-GM), and presence of
intra-canal post were compared between different survived groups (<3, 3-5, 5-10,
and >10 years) using one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Potential predictors of
failure were determined using the Cox regression model.
Results: The mean±SD of 3, 5, 10 and 13-year survival rates were 98±1%, 96±1.6%,
83.1±4.5%, and 51.9±14.5%, respectively. The mean PD (P<0.013), as well as C/R
ratio in the mesial (P=0.003) and distal (P=0.007) surfaces were significantly higher
in the >10 year survived teeth. BPI and RM-GM showed no significant differences
among the groups. C/R ratio and sub-gingival placement of restoration margins
appeared to be the major determinants of tooth loss.
Conclusions: The long-term survival rate for compromised teeth that have undergone
combined endodontic, periodontic, and prosthodontics therapies, was 83-98%.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 123
183167
Osteoblast Survival during Different Bone Harvesting Techniques: An Animal
Study

N. SOLTANIAN, Shahid Beheheshti university of medical sciences, tehran, ON, Iran, R. AMID, shahid
Beheshti university of medical sciences, Tehran, ON, Iran, and M. KADKHODAZADE, shahid beheshti
university of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
Objectives: Autogenous bone graft is still the gold standard in bone regenerative
procedures. However, there are no data about the effectiveness of bone harvesting
methods on the viability of osteoblasts. The aim of this study was to assess the
osteoblasts survival in autogenous bone grafts which were harvested through three
different popular techniques.
Methods: This experimental animal study was performed on five laboratory pigs.
After sedation and scrubbing the surgery zone with Chlorhexidine 1%, bone was
harvested from calvaria via three different devices: trephine bur, bone scraper, and
rotating bone collector. Bone chips were collected in PBS and transferred to the
cell biology laboratory. The viability of osteoblast cells was evaluated by a blinded
examiner under light microscopy images.
Results: 15 bone samples were obtained from five pigs with a mean weight of 500
gr. Examinations of cell morphology and viability showed that there was no intact
osteoblasts in bone scraper and bone collector groups. There was some evidence of
identifying osteoblasts in the samples of terephine bur group.
Conclusions: There was a great difference in osteoblast viability in bone grafts
collected through different harvesting techniques. It seemed that a less traumatic
technique such as trephine bur could be used for maintaining the viability of
osteoblasts in a safer manner. Physical and thermal shock damages are probably two
major causes of cell destruction which had happened in more traumatic procedures
such as bone scraper and collector.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 124
183171
Periodontal Flap and Osseous Resective Surgery Techniques: Computer Assisted
Learning

F. SARLATI, Z. ZARE, and N. LAIJI, Islamic Azad University, Dental Branch,Department of Periodontics,
Tehran, Iran
Objectives: Computer Assisted Learning (CAL) can present approaches in new and
innovative ways, while it allows approaches to be reviewed multiple times anytime
and anywhere. CAL also has the potential of helping students develop skills and
knowledge. The aim of this study was to compare knowledge of students exposed
to two different instructional modalities for periodontal flap and resective osseous
surgery techniques.
Methods: In this experimental study, 50 dental students (20 male, 30 female), within
the age range of 24-27 years that did not have any experience about periodontal
flap techniques or resective osseous surgery techniques, were randomly assigned
in a prospective study to either use the CAL program (n=25) or traditional methods
(n=25). CAL group had self-directed learning at a computer class. A university
professor (Department of Periodontics) taught the traditional group. Both groups
participated in an equal examination consisting of 15 true/false questions. Chi–
square and independence samples T test were used for data analysis.
Results: Students in the CAL program scored higher (12.88 for periodontal flap and
12.6 for resective osseous surgery) than those in the traditional group (10.24 for
periodontal flap and 9.48 for resective osseous surgery) and this difference was
statistically significant (P<0.001).
Conclusions: This study showed that CAL is more effective than traditional methods
and can be used as an adjunct to traditional education or as means of self-instruction
in teaching periodontal flap and resective osseous surgery techniques.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 125
183175
Comparison of Single and Double Jaw Surgery in ClII Patients

M. NOURI
1
, S. ALIJANI
2
, M. JAFARI
3
, and A. AKBARZADEH BAGHEBAN
2
,
1
Dentofacial Deformities
Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
2
Shahid Beheshti
University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
3
Orthodontic Department, Shahid Beheshti University
of Medical Sciences, tehran, Iran
Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare one year follow-up craniofacial
changes after mandibular advancement, with and without maxillary impaction
surgery in ClII patients.
Methods: In this retrospective quasi experimental study, 51 patients were evaluated
(25 patients had isolated mandibular surgery and 26 patients had simultaneous
maxillary impaction and mandibular advancement). Lateral cephalograms were
taken immediately before surgery and at one year follow-up. The cephalograms
were superimposed on SN and registered on S point. The changes of 47 variables
were assessed based on analysis introduced by Solow. The significance of changes in
each group and between the groups were demonstrated by paired t-test.
Results: In both jaw surgery groups, mandibular hard and soft tissue landmarks
(especially B point, lower Incisal edge and Pogonion), moved superiorly and anteriorly
reflecting the upward and forward rotation of the Mandible that occurred as a result
of the maxillary impaction. In mandibular advancement group, soft and hard tissue
mandibular structures were positioned anteriorly and superiorly. On average, the
SN-Pog angle increased 5.0° (SD=3.5°) and the ANB angle decreased 4.0° (SD=1.6°),
the mandibular plane to SN angle decreased significantly (P<0.04). No statistically
significant difference was observed between the two types of surgery.
Conclusions: The craniofacial changes after maxillary impaction and mandibular
advancement surgery were similar to those seen in only mandibular advancement
procedure.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 126
183177
Self-perceived Oral Health of Addicts in Rehabilitation in Tehran, Iran

H. SHEKARCHIZADEH
1
, M.R. KHAMI
2
, S.Z. MOHEBBI
1
, and J.I. VIRTANEN
3
,
1
Tehran University of
Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
2
Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Dental Research Center,
Tehran, Iran,
3
University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
Objectives: Self-perceived oral health, which is the subjective measure of an
individual’s oral health, is affected by both objective indicators of oral disease and
the impact of oral health on individual’s life. It reveals the patient’s value to oral
health and the likelihood of seeking dental services. This study aimed to evaluate
self-perceived oral health of drug addicts in addiction treatment in Tehran, Iran.
Methods: In 2011, a close-ended questionnaire was administered to a random
sample of in-treatment addicts from the three main socioeconomic areas of the
city utilizing a stratified cluster random sampling method. Moreover, participants
provided their backgrounds and addiction history during an in-person interview. A
linear regression model served for statistical analysis.
Results: Among the participants (n=813; mean age of 40.5 years, SD 11.5; 4%
women), 16% were totally edentulous. Mean duration of addiction was 10.8 years
(SD 7.9). Nearly half of the dentate addicts rated their oral health as poor or very
poor. Education, employment status, area of residence, and duration of addiction
were factors significantly associated with individual’s perception of oral health
(P<0.05). Compared to dentate addicts, more edentulous patients rated their oral
health as good (44% vs. 16%). Among the edentulous addicts, women, late starters
of drugs, and users of opium or drugs other than crystalline heroin users revealed
better perception of oral health.
Conclusions: Evaluation of self-perceived oral health, as an inexpensive and non-
invasive way, is important in monitoring oral health situation of drug addicts.
Most addicts in this study were not satisfied with their oral health. Differences in
demographics and addiction history of the patients should be considered when
planning oral health promotion activities.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 127
183180
Home Bleaching Relapse in Patients with and without Recall Treatment

M. KASHKULI, Dental research center,Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
A. GHASEMI, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, and M. ABDO TABRIZI,
Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Objectives: Major controversies still exist over the relapse time of bleaching
treatments and the period necessary until re-bleaching of the teeth in the dental
literature. Therefore, the present study clinically compared the relapse of the home-
bleaching treatments with and without recall bleaching in a 9-month follow-up
period.
Methods: In this prospective single-blind randomized clinical trial, 44 patients with
the least mean shade of A3 at their anterior teeth were selected and instructed to
use carbamide peroxide (Opalescence 15% gel) into the trays nightly for 14 days.
After 3 months, half of subjects received recall bleaching treatments (intervention
group) while the other group did not receive recall treatment (control group). Digital
images were obtained from the teeth in the baseline, after the bleaching, prior to
the recall treatment, immediately after the recall and at 6 and 9-month follow-ups.
L*a*b* parameters and overall color changes were calculated on the images by
means of Photoshop and CIEL*a*b* system. The data were subjected to analysis of
variance for repeated measurements test.
Results: Opalescence 15% gel administration resulted in significant improvement of
teeth colors (whiteness) after 9-month follow-ups. The mean overall color changes
(∆ E) in the intervention and control groups were 23.84 and 21.57 on 14 days after
the initial bleaching, 22.92 and 21.45 before the recall treatment, 27.24 and 23.25
after the recall, 22.61 and 20.45 on the 6-month and 20.46 and 18.2 on the 9-month
follow-ups as compared to the baseline values. Therefore, recall bleaching treatments
following the initial bleaching was not associated with the increased teeth whiteness
until 9 months.
Conclusions: Home bleaching with carbamide peroxide 15% gel showed successful
results in teeth whiteness and re-bleaching of the teeth is not recommended up to 9
months after the initial bleaching due to the constant achieved results.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 128
183182
Frequency of Oral Connective Tissue Lesions in Children

S. ATARBASHIMOGHADAM, and N. DABIRI, faculty of dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of
Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Objectives: The frequency of oral connective tissue lesions of children in the literature
is largely incomplete. The purpose of this study was to obtain the prevalence of these
lesions and to compare the data with previous reports.
Methods: Files from the Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology registry of Shahid Beheshti
University of Medical Sciences from 2003 to 2013 were searched for cases recorded
as “soft (connective) tissue tumors and tumor-like lesions” in children. This study
included 51 cases based on location within the oral region, diagnosis of soft tissue
tumor, clinical information, and age≤12.
Results: Of the 51 cases, 30 tumors occurred in males, 21 in females (ratio 1.4:1). The
mean age was 8.17 years. The common location was gingiva (80.39%). Peripheral
giant cell granuloma was the commonest lesion (n=19), followed by pyogenic
granuloma (n=14) and focal fibrous hyperplasia (n=6). All the lesions were benign.
Conclusions: Peripheral giant cell granuloma and pyogenic granuloma were the
most common oral soft tissue tumor in children. The gingiva was the commonest
site. The relatively high incidence of inflammatory and reactive lesions in pediatric
patients implies the importance of careful oral hygiene in children. Fortunately,
the frequency of benign soft tissue tumors in children was much more than the
malignant counterpart.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 129
183184
Effect of Coffee on Discoloration of Three Nano Composites

F. MAHDISIAR
1
, A. GHAFFARI
2
, S. SOLEYMANI
3
, S. ZOKANI
4
, M. SHADI KIVI
3
, and N. NASOOHI
3
,
1
Islamic Azad University- Dental Branch- Tehran - Iran, Tehran, Iran,
2
Islamic Azad University- Dental
branch - Tehran - Iran, Tehran, Iran,
3
Islamic Azad University dental branch Tehran, Iran,
4
Aslamic
Azad University dental branch, Tehran, Iran
Objectives: Discoloration of dental composites over time is one of the important
impact factors which plays a role in the process of refurbishment. Changing of
color in resin composite could result in discontent of the patient over time and lead
to the downfall of treatment process. The purpose of this study was to evaluate
the influence of coffee on solubility and stability of color of nanocomposite in the
process of spectrophotometry.
Methods: In this experimental study, 30 disc models (8.5 x 2 mm2) of three
composites Z350XT, Grandio, and Herculite XTV Ultra were prepared (from every
composite 10 models in two categories for keeping in coffee and distilled water).
All specimens were kept in specific solutions for 72 hours. Color measurement was
evaluated with spectrophotometry (MINOLTA-Japan) before and after immersion in
solution. The results were evaluated with two-way ANOVA and Repeated Measure
ANOVA.
Results: The rate of color change in each of the three composites which had been
immersed in coffee was significant (P<0.05) and regarding to clinical aspect it was
unacceptable rate ( E>3.3). The rate of color changing after immersion in distilled
water relating to baseline was not significant(P>0.05).
Conclusions: Based on the methodology and the obtained results, Herculite XRV
Ultra showed significantly the least color changes and it is more suitable restorative
material in esthetic zone.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 130
183191
En-Mass Distalization of Maxillary Posterior Teeth with Mini-Screw Supported
Hyrax

F. SHIRBAN, DDS, Post graduate student, Dental Student Research Center, Department of
Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran, S. ALAVI,
DDS, MS. Associate Professor, Torabinejad Dental Research Center, Department of Orthodontics,
School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran, and S. NOOROLLAHIAN,
, DDS, MS. Assistant Professor, Torabinejad Dental Research Center, Department of Orthodontics,
School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
Objectives: Maxillary posterior teeth distalization is a routine treatment approach
for patients with Class II malocclusion who do not select extraction treatments or
have had previous extractions. Up to now, techniques have tried to distal movement
of these teeth separately. Regardless of anchorage type they have used, the common
and greatest disadvantage of them is increasing the treatment time. The present
technique tried to distalize all the maxillary posterior teeth simultaneously to reduce
time and extend treatment options for special cases.
Methods: Case #1 was a 26-year-old female with Class I skeletal and dental
relationship, bi-maxillary dento-alveolar protrusion with previous extraction of first
upper premolars. Case #2 was a 19-year-old female with Class I skeletal and end to end
molar relationship who did not accept to extract her first premolars. The treatment
plan included distalization of all maxillary posterior teeth simultaneously. The posterior
arms of modified Hyrax appliance were attached to the dentition with bands on first
molars and bonding to other posterior teeth. Anterior arms had been formed as
eyelets with 2 mm internal diameter and were attached to anterior palate with two
mini-screws (2 mm×10 mm, Jeil Medical, Korea) at para-median regions. The vector of
expansion of appliance was parallel to mid-palatal suture and occlusal plane. Before
and after distalization, lateral cephalograms were used to evaluate the results.
Results: In case #1 3.6-mm and in case #2 3.45-mm distalization of entire maxillary
posterior teeth were achieved in five months. Bodily distal movement with no
significant unwanted rotations and anchorage loss was seen. The anterior face height
did not change significantly.
Conclusions: This technique can be used for en-mass distalization of maxillary
posterior teeth. The greatest advantage is reducing the treatment time. Other
advantages are skeletally anchorage, patient comfort and no unwanted dental
tipping and rotations.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 131
183192
The Effect of Bleaching on the Microleakage of Silorane-Based Composite

S.S. HASHEMI KAMANGAR
1
, M. GHAVAM
1
, and N. MAHINFAR
2
,
1
Tehran University of
Medical Sciences, International campus, Dental school, Operative department, Tehran, Iran,
2
Tehran university of medical sciences , International campus, Dental School, Tehran, Iran
Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of 38% carbamide
peroxide on microleakage of class 5 restorations filled by a silorane-based composite
in a comparison of two metecrylate-based composites.
Methods: A total of 96 standardized class 5 cavities (1.5×2×3 mm) were prepared on
the buccal surface of sound extracted human premolars and molars with both enamel
and dentin margins and were randomly assigned to three groups as follows: Group
A, Filtek P90 (silorane) with its dedicated adhesive system (P90 system adhesive);
Group B, Adper Prompt L-Pop with Filtek Z250; Group C, Adper Prompt L-Pop with
Filtek Z350XT. The teeth were subjected to thermocycling regime (1000×, 5–55ºC)
and half of them received bleaching (38% carbamide peroxide, 15 min, twice a day,
14 days) and half of them received no bleaching (Control). Then dye penetration of
tooth sections were evaluated following 24 hours immersion in 2% basic fuschin.
Statistical analysis was performed with Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U test at
95% significance level.
Results: There was not any significant differences between composites in control
groups either in enamel (P=0.867) and dentin (P=0.59) margins. After bleaching,
microleakage of Z250 and Z350 did not significantly change (P>0.05) in relation to
control but the microleakage of P90 significantly increased in both enamel (P=0.042)
and dentin (P=0.002) margins. Bleaching increased the microleakage of Z350 and
P90 more than Z250 (P<0.05).
Conclusions: There was not any significant difference between bleaching and control
subgroups of two metacrylate-based composites either in enamel or dentin margins.
Microleakage of silorane-based composite significantly increased after bleaching.

9
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Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 132
183193
Medical Emergency Management Among Iranian Dentists

M.R. KHAMI
1
, S. RAZEGHI
2
, R. YAZDANI
2
, M. AFZALIMOGHADDAM
3
, and A. MOSKOWCHI
4
,
1
Department of Community Oral Health, Dental Research Center, Tehran University of Medical
Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
2
Department of Community Oral Health, Tehran University of Medical
Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
3
Department of Emergency Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran
University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
4
Dentist, Tehran, Iran
Objectives: About 18000 patients need medical emergencies management in
dental offices in Iran annually. The present study investigated medical emergencies
management among Iranian dentists in terms of knowledge, self-reported practices,
and availability of necessary equipments and drugs in dental offices.
Methods: The target population of the study was all dentists working in public and
private offices in the city of Tehran, Iran in 2011. From the list of their cell phone
numbers, 210 dentists were selected randomly. A self-administered questionnaire was
used as the data collection instrument. The questionnaire requested information on
personal and professional characteristics of the dentists, as well as their knowledge
and self-reported practice in the field of medical emergency management, and
availability of required drugs and equipments to manage medical emergencies in their
offices. T-test and linear regression models served for statistical analyses. This study
was approved and supported by World Health Organization Patient Safety Project.
Results: Totally, 177 dentists (84%) completed the questionnaire. While most of
the respondents were knowledgeable about such conditions as vasovagal syncope,
diabetes, and myocardial infarction, less than 60% were aware of characteristics of
hypoglycemic patients, chest pain with cardiac origin, and true cardiopulmonary
resuscitation (CPR) practice. Certain shortcomings existed in the respondents’ ability
to diagnose and manage emergency conditions, as well as in availability of necessary
drugs and equipments in their offices to manage emergencies. In regression models,
while knowledge, diagnosis and practice of the dentists were not associated with
any of the professional characteristics, higher diagnosis and practice scores were
significantly associated with higher knowledge scores (P<0.001).
Conclusions: The results call for a need to further education on the subject for
dentists. Continuing education and changing dental curriculum in different forms
seems to be useful in enhancement of the self-reported knowledge and practice of
practicing dentists.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 133
183198
Demographic Factors Affecting the Survival Rate of Dental Implants

H. SEMYARI
1
, N. JALAYER NADERI
2
, and F. BASTAMI
1
,
1
Dental School of Shahed University of Medical
Science, Tehran, Iran,
2
Pathology, Dental School of Shahed University of Medical Science, Tehran,
Iran
Objectives: Demographic factors can have an effect on failure of dental implant
treatments. The aim of this retrospective study was to analyze the relationship
between demographic factors and survival rate of dental implants.
Methods: A total of 235 Implants placed in 103 patients between January 2008 and
December 2010 at the selected dental treatment centers of Tehran, were investigated
with the following data collected from the dental records and radiographs: patient’s
age, gender, location of implant placement , systemic disease, need for bone grafting
and periodontal conditions before treatment. Then correlations between these data
and survival rate were analyzed by SPSS and Chi-square analysis.
Results: 9 of 235 implants were failed, and implant survival rate was 96.2%. Maximum
failure was observed in fifth and sixth decades of life (8 implants). The most frequent
cause of implant failure was fibro osseous integration (7 implants). 16% and 49.5% of
the patients had systemic disease and periodontitis before treatment respectively;
moreover, 33.5% of implants needed bone grafting. A significant correlation between
survival rate and need for bone grafting and periodontal conditions was shown
(P=0.000); Still, there was no correlation between other demographic factors and
survival rate significantly (P<0.05). In addition, there was a significant correlation
between age and location of implant placement (P<0.001).
Conclusions: Consequently, it is important to consider demographic factors, such as
need for bone grafting and periodontal conditions, before treatment to increase the
survival rate of dental implants.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 134
183204
Mineral Trioxide Aggregate X-Ray Diffraction Analysis at Different pH Values

P. MOHEBBI, Islamic Azad University, Dental branch, Tehran, Tehran, Iran, and H. AKHAVAN, Dental
School of Azad university of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
Objectives: In most clinical conditions, the materials used as root end filling,
perforation or resorption repair are in close contact with infectious tissue with acidic
pH and in case of calcium hydroxide therapy in contact with alkaline pH. The aim of
this study was to compare the crystallographic structures of ProRoot White mineral
trioxide aggregate (WMTA) at different pH values.
Methods: Both hydrated and unhydrated cements were mounted for XRD analysis.
An X-ray diffractometer using Cu Ká radiation was set to run at 40 KV and 30 mA
in a continuous mode. The scan range was 5-60 ̊ 2è with a scan speed of 2 ̊/min. X
manager evaluation software was used for the analysis.
Results: In powder pattern, the sharpest peak was related to bismute oxide, followed
by tricalcium silicate. The peaks reduced in intensity in the hydrated phases. The
sharpest peak was related to bismute oxide. Portlandite was identified in the set
forms. However, it was not observed in the powder forms. Peaks related to Portlandite
were more intense in neutral pH in comparison with acidic and alkaline pH.
Conclusions: WMTA was best hydrated in neutral and then alkaline environments.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 135
183208
Effect of Zeolite on Sealing Ability of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate

M.A. SAGHIRI, Kamal Asgar Reserch Center, Encino, CA, A. ASATOURIAN, Islamic Azad University
Dental Center, Tehran, Iran, and N. BAYATI, Private Practice, Tehran, Iran
Objectives: Natural zeolite is a type of mineralogical material containing large
quantities of reactive SiO2 and Al2O3. It is widely used in the cement industry.
In addition, many studies have confirmed the effect of zeolite components on
physicochemical properties of constructive cements. The main objective of this work
was to assess the sealing ability of adding 2% zeolite as Clinoptilolite (Na, K, Ca)2-
3Al3 (Al,Si) 2Si13O36•12H2O to MTA based cement.
Methods: In the current research, 2% Zeolite as Clinoptilolite was mixed mechanically
with MTA and then mixed according to manufacturer’s instrcutions. In this part, Root-
end cavities were filled with white MTA plus Clinoptilolite in the experimental groups.
In the control groups, root-end cavities were filled just with MTA. Microleakage was
evaluated by using bovine serum albumin.
Results: The evaluation was conducted at 24-hour intervals for 30 days. Data were
analyzed by using SPSS software. The earliest bovine serum albumin microleakage
was observed in control group. There was a significantly longer time necessary for
leakage to occur in experimental group (P<.000).
Conclusions: Chemical reaction between MTA and Zeolite must be addressed
and may amend the leakage properties of endodontic cement. The present study
confirmed that adding 2% Zeolite as Clinoptilolite may improve the sealing properties
of MTA cement.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 136
183210
Anticariogenic Effect of Some Herbs

S. NEMATI ANARAKI, Islamic Azad University Dental Center, Tehran, Iran, R. GHOSEIRI, Islamic Azad
University, Tehran, Iran;and P. OMIDSALAR, Islamic Azad university, Tehran, Iran
Objectives: Dental caries, this infectious and transmissible disease, is the most common
disease that affects humans. The main factors causing tooth decay are the increase in
the S.mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus. Studying the effects of plants on teeth
caries due to the increasing interests on using herbal medicines, their accessibility,
low cost, and effectiveness, has led the researchers to one of the most effective ways
of preventing this infectious disease. In this in vitro study, the antibacterial effect of
black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) and garlic (Allium sativum L.) extracts on standard
Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus were reviewed.
Methods: This experimental study was conducted in two stages. At the first stage,
alcoholic extracts of black pepper and garlic were prepared by Percolation extraction
method and the concentrations of 256 and 512 mg⁄ml of them were diluted by Serial
dilution method. Then, at the second stage, the evaluation of minimum inhibitory
concentration of the extracts on Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus
was performed by Broth macrodilution method. Furthermore, in order to test the
susceptibility of these microbes to extracts, Zone of Inhibition of these extracts was
evaluated by Agar well diffusion method.
Results: In all repetitions of the test, for the concentrations of 256 and 512 mg⁄ml of
extracts, in all tubes, a few turbidity related to the presence of microbes was seen,
so, no measures for MIC were determined. Also in Agar well diffusion method, for the
concentrations of 256 mg⁄ml of both extracts, no Zone of Inhibition was observed.
However, for the concentration of 600 mg⁄ml of black pepper, for both of microbes,
a very small Zone of Inhibition, about 1 mm, was observed around the wells.
Conclusions: Plant extracts of black pepper and garlic available in Tehran markets,
with extraction method of Percolation, have no significant effect on oral standard
Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus. It is worth mentioning that
many factors can affect the outcome of this research.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 137
183211
Primary Care Nurses’ Perspective on Children’s Oral Health

S. RABIEI
1
, S.Z. MOHEBBI
1
, R. YAZDANI
2
, and J.I. VIRTANEN
3
,
1
Tehran University of Medical Sciences,
Tehran, Iran,
2
Department of Community Oral Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences,
Tehran, Iran,
3
University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
Objectives: The majority of young children receive no early dental examination
while attending primary health care for routine check-ups. Our aim was to study
primary care nurses’ knowledge of oral health care (OHC) and their attitudes toward
delivering OHC, as well as to assess their willingness to obtain OHC information.
Methods: The current study is a cross-sectional survey of all primary-care nurses
working in the public health centers of Tehran city. An anonymous self-administered
questionnaire queried their knowledge in pediatric-, general and medicine-related
areas of dentistry, providing knowledge scores for three domains. The nurses’
attitudes toward OHC and their willingness to obtain OHC information underwent
evaluation with statements utilizing a five-point Likert scale. Altogether 680 nurses
took part in the survey. The Chi-square test, t-test, one-way ANOVA and logistic
regression model served for statistical analyses.
Results: The mean score for the pediatric dentistry domain (3.6, SD: 1.5) was lower
than those of medical (4.4, SD: 2.3) and dental domains (5.8, SD: 1.5). Obtaining
higher scores in the pediatric (OR=1.2) and dental (OR=1.3) domains, and a greater
willingness to receive OHC information (OR=5.3) were associated with a positive
attitude toward OHC. Nurses with lower education level (OR=1.9) and better oral
health behavior (OR=1.1) as well as those working in a non-affluent region (OR=1.6)
had a more positive attitude toward OHC.
Conclusions: Primary care nurses’ low level of knowledge in OHC and their
positive attitude and willingness to obtain more information point to the need for
appropriate training.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 138
183212
Correlation between the Gingival Embrasure Space and Interdental Papilla

P. VARES
1
, M. KADKHODAZADEH
2
, R. AMID
1
, and F. HAJIZADEH
1
,
1
Shahid Beheshti University of
Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
2
Dental Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical
Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Objectives: Interdental papilla, especially in anterior segment of maxilla, is one of
the most crucial determining factors in esthetics. In addition, interdental crestal
bone height is significantly correlated with the position of interdental papilla. The
aim of current study was to determine the correlation between the height, width,
and surface area of gingival embrasure space and interdental papilla.
Methods: 60 cases (aged of 20 to 30 years) participated in this cross-sectional study.
For each case, five areas including: interdental papilla between centrals, centrals and
laterals, and premolars were evaluated through parallel periapical radiography and
impression. The height, base, and surface area of the radiographic and clinical surface
of each papillary area was measured by using radiography and casts. Correlation
coefficient between radiographic and clinical variables was measured in the whole
data and each region separately. The database was evaluated through SPSS software
with Pearson correlation test.
Results: Totally, 216 regions were studied. Correlation between clinical and
radiographic papilla height was significant. Correlation between radiographic height
and clinical base between central incisor and lateral incisor, and correlation between
radiographic height and papillary clinical surface area were weakly significant.
Correlation between the clinical and radiographic papillary surface area was not
significant.
Conclusions: It seems that the relationship between radiographic and clinical
dimensions of papilla has to be evaluated in both vertical and horizontal directions.
Due to different correlations, all data obtained from anterior teeth should not be
calculated together.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 139
183214
Influence of Cavity Size Modification on Microleakage of Bulk-Cured Composites

A. GHASEMI, and N. YOUSSEFI, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Objectives: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the amount of polymerization
shrinkage of the recently introduced composites, investigating the claims that these
restorative materials work efficiently and credibly in any cavity size. Therefore, two
different brands of these bulk-cured composites were chosen for this microleakage
evaluation study.
Methods: 40 samples were prepared with class II cavities in mesial and distal sides
of human molar teeth and were divided into four groups. Group1: 3mm buccolingual
width cavity (to be known as the smaller cavity) filled with Tetric Bulk Fill composite.
Group2: 6 mm buccolingual width cavity (larger cavity) filled with Tetric Bulk Fill
composite. Group3: 3 mm buccolingual width cavity filled with X-tra base composite.
Group4: 6 mm buccolingual width cavity filled with X-tra base composite. Thereafter,
the specimens were thermally stressed for 500 cycles in water bath at 5 and 55°C,
protected with nail polish, colored with 1% methylene blue dye, cut into sections,
and finally evaluated.
Results: The data were submitted to ANOVA and the results showed the highest
degrees of microleakage in larger cavity of X-tra base among four groups and there
was a significant statistical difference (P=0.012) between larger and smaller cavity
of X-tra base (Groups 3 and 4) while there was no statistical difference between two
cavity sizes of Tetric-filled groups.
Conclusions: The recent advancements in restorative dentistry have come up with
a variety of achievements which need a precise and delicate approach to make
the finest choices. According to this experiment, Tetric bulk fill composite lies in a
strongly superior position compared with X-tra base composite when it comes to
microleakage and polymerization shrinkage.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 140
183218
Effects of Plasma Rich in Growth Factors in Extraction Sockets

R. POURABBAS, Dental and Periodontal Research Center-Tabriz Univ. of Medical Sci., Tabriz, Iran
Objectives: The positive effects of plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) in the healing
of extraction sockets have been shown in some studies. The aim of the present study
was to evaluate the effect of PRGF alone or in combination with other biomaterials
in a dog model in extraction sockets.
Methods: Distal roots of upper second and third premolars were extracted
bilaterally in six mongrel dogs. Buccolingual (BL) and Apico-coronal (AC) dimensions
of extraction sockets were measured. The extraction sockets were randomly grafted
with autogenous bone grafts (ABG) with and without PRGF, DBBM with and without
PRFG, and clot with and without PRGF. The dogs were sacrificed after 3 months and
the extraction sockets were evaluated from clinical and histological points of view.
Results: There were significant differences in post extraction vertical dimensions of
the sockets among the study groups. The mean AC changes were 5.27±2.32 (ABG),
6.12±2.12 (ABG+PRGF), 6.25±2.13 (DBBM), 6.83±1.83 (DBBM+PRGF), 3.83±1.63
(clot), 3.85±1.67 (clot+PRGF), respectively (P=0.02). The mean BL dimension
reductions were 1.68±0.45 (ABG), 1.23±0.76 (ABG+PRGF), 2±1.09 (DBBM and
DBBM+PRGF), 2.66±1.47 (clot), 2.03±1.23 (clot+PRGF) that expressed a significant
differences (P=0.01). The control groups (clot with and without PRGF) exhibited a
complete bone fill and bone formation rate which was more than that in the other
groups.
Conclusions: The findings of this study indicate that using DBBM or ABG with and
without PRGF might successfully maintain socket dimensions.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 141
183219
Effect of Polishing and Glazing on Color Stability of Porcelain

M. NOURBAKHSH, Islamic Azad University dental center, department of fixed prosthodontics,Tehran,
Iran, M.H. SALARI, Islamic Azad University Dental Center, Tehran, Iran, and M. NOURBAKHSH,
Dental student of dental branch of Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Objectives: In the past twenty years, using synchronous dental restorations were
very common, even in restoring molar teeth. This raised many questions regarding
to the method of preparing the surface of the restoration in order to decrease
discoloration in long-term use. One of the common problems in using synchronous
restoration is their discoloration. Many researchers have studied the different types
of materials for making restoration and their procedure. The purpose of this study
was to compare the color of glazed and polished NORITAKE A1 porcelain using
spectrophotometer.
Methods: This experimental study was conducted under in vitro condition. 20 disc-
shaped specimens, 10 mm in diameter and 2 mm thick were prepared. All of the
specimens had opaque layer and A2 shade was used for them. In order to have
similar specimens, the same plaster mold and technician were used. The samples
were randomly divided into two groups, each containing 10 specimens. One group
received glazing powder and the other was prepared by polish kit. Specimens
from each group were immersed in 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwash solution
for 30 days. Differences in color before and after 30 days were calculated using
spectrophotometric analysis. Overall color difference was determined using the CIE
Lab system for measuring small color differences.
Results: After 30 days of immersion in solution, ΔE value was 0.78±0.19 in polish
group and 0.76±0.16 in glaze group (P<0.05). The result of this study showed a little
difference in color stability between the polished and glazed specimens. This was not
statistically significant.
Conclusions: It can be concluded that all of the color stability in both groups
were acceptable clinically, and there was not a significant difference between
the two groups.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 142
183225
Prevalence of Oral Lesions in AIDS and HIV Positive Patients
A. MANSOURIAN, Oral Medicine Department, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical
Sciences, Tehran, NY, Iran, S. ASHNAGAR, Students Scientific Research Center, School of Dentistry,
Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, J. MOMEN BEITOLLAHI, Oral Medicine
Department, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, and N.
FARHANGI, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, NY, Iran
Objectives: Oral lesions are common in HIV infected patients. Several studies have
been conducted to the entire world in order to determine the prevalence of oral
lesions in AIDS/HIV infected patients. Since few studies have been conducted in this
issue in Iran, the current study aimed at evaluating the prevalence of oral lesions
relating to HIV/AIDS in patients referring to Imam Khomeini Hospital. The presence
of oral lesions was correlated with biologic and behavioral risk factors.
Methods: 203 patients with AIDS/HIV+ were recruited in this study and oral examination
was performed for each individual. The oral lesions were diagnosed based on clinical
appearance using EEC-Clearing house criteria on oral problems related to HIV infection
(1993). Oral lesions were managed by routine therapeutic protocols.
Results: 77.3% patients were male. 186 oral lesions were diagnosed in association
with HIV in 109 patients (53%). The most common oral lesions were Erythematous
Candidiasis (24.1%), Angular Cheilitis (22.2%), Hyperpigmentation (18.2%), and
Pseudomembranous Candidiasis (14.3%) respectively. Other oral lesions which
were seen included: Hairy Leucoplakia (3.4%), Herpes Labialis (3.4%), Hyperplastic
Candidiasis (2.5%), Minor Aphthous ulcers (1.5%), common Wart (1 case), Facial
palsy (1 case), and Steven Johnson disease (1 case). Smoking addicted participants
and patients using mobile dental prosthesis were more likely to have oral candidiasis.
Patients who were on HAART had a significantly lower risk of pseudomembranous
candidiasis. No significant relationship was found between use of HAART and
presence of oral pigmentation. Pseudomembranous Candidiasis was significantly
associated with AIDS condition.
Conclusions: The prevalence of oral HIV lesions in the present study was high. A
comprehensive oral examination plays an important role not only in the management
of the patients, but also in assessing the immune status and their follow-up. There
are many biological and behavioral risk factors that influence the development of
oral lesions in AIDS/HIV+ patients.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 143
183226
Green Tea Mouthwash in Postoperative Pain Following Third-Molar Extraction

M. ESHGHPOUR, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, H. MORTAZAVI, Shahid
Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran, N. MOHAMMADZADEH REZAEI, General
Dentist, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, and A.H. NEJAT, Student Research
Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
Objectives: Pain following surgical removal of impacted molars has remained an
important concern among practitioners. As green tea possesses anti-inflammatory
and antibacterial properties, the aim of the current study was to evaluate the
effectiveness of green tea mouthwash in controlling postoperative pain.
Methods: In a study with split-mouth and double blind design, 44 patients in need
of bilateral removal of impacted third molars underwent randomized surgical
extraction. Following one surgery, patients rinsed with a green tea mouthwash from
the first to seventh postoperative day and after other extraction rinsed with placebo
mouthwash for the same duration. Both patients and surgeon were blinded to the
type of mouthwash. The predictor variable was the type of mouthwash and primary
outcome variable was postoperative pain measured by visual analogue scale (VAS)
during the first week after surgery. In addition, the number of analgesics patients
used after surgery recorded. To analyze data, repeated measures with confidence
interval of 95% was performed.
Results: Total of 43 patients with mean age of 24 years underwent total of 86
surgeries. VAS value had no statistically difference prior rinsing among groups
(P>0.05). However, the mean value of VAS following rinsing with green tea was
statistically lower than placebo in postoperative days of 3-7 (P<0.05). In addition,
while rinsing with green tea, patients took significantly lower number of analgesics
after surgery (P<0.05). No side effects were reported.
Conclusions: Green tea mouthwash could be an appropriate and safe choice to
control postoperative pain after molar surgery.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 144
183230
Effect of Lip Line on Anterior Teeth Proportion Preference

H. KERMANSHAH
1
, S. JAFARNIA
2
, L. RANJBAR OMRANI
1
, and R. NEJATBAKHSH
3
,
1
Restorative
Department, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, NY, Iran,
2
Sudents’
Scientific Research Center, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
3
School of Dentistry, Tehran, NY, Iran
Objectives: Considering the importance of acceptability of esthetic treatments, the
aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of lip line on different proportions of
central to lateral.
Methods: After taking photos of smile of two female and two male participants,
changes were made in “lip line” and “proportion of visible width of maxillary
anterior teeth” by computer graphic program (Adobe Photoshop) to provide 9
various modes of these factors for the selection of evaluators. Photos were printed
as a questionnaire for evaluation of attractiveness. 20 male and 20 female dental
students in their second or third year of education were interviewed and the factors
were analyzed according to the results.
Results: Two assessed factors were not independent to be reviewed separately. In
upper line, 70% proportion and in average lip line, 62% proportion and in lower lip
line, 54% proportion were the most attractive width proportions. Totally, the average
lip line was the most attractive lip lines in all width proportions. Gender of evaluator
and cases had no significant effect on the rating.
Conclusions: In restorative treatments of maxillary anterior teeth, lip line should be
considered before selecting a particular width proportion.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 145
183235
Evaluation of Ki-67 and PCNA in Subtypes of Amelonlastoma

F. MASHHADI ABBAS, Dental Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences,
Tehran, Iran, Z. NAJI RAD, Shahed University of Medical Sciences, Department of Orthodontics, Iran,
Tehran, Iran, and M. BROOKHIM, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Iran, Tehran, Iran
Objectives: Ameloblastoma is the most important Odontogenic neoplasm,
particularized by its local invasion. The aim of this research was to clarify the
possible relation between the two markers, PCNA and Ki-67, and different types of
Ameloblastomas.
Methods: This research was a descriptive retrospective study and was performed
on 33 specimens of Ameloblastomas, 4 of which were excluded due to the loss of
expression of the markers. As a result, the specimens were dropped to 29 (17 benign,
5 recurrent, 7 malignant). They were examined Immunohistochemically using the
Streptavidin-Biotin method with anti-PCNA and anti-Ki-67 antibodies.
Results: The Ki-67 was expressed below 10% in 75.9% of the cases (22 cases), below
39% in 20.7% (6 cases) and above 3% in 3.4% (1 case). This showed that there was
no significant relationship between the type of ameloblastoma and presence of Ki-
67 (P<0.927). The average positivity percentage of PCNA expression was 42.05% in
benign types, 65% in malignant types, and 25% in the recurrent types. The average
positivity of PCNA expression in the malignant type was higher than the recurrent
and benign types, but there was no difference between the recurrent and the benign
types. This showed a statistically difference in PCNA expression among different
types of Ameloblastomas (P<0.023).
Conclusions: There was no statistically significant difference between different types
of Ameloblastomas and expression of Ki-67, so it cannot be used as a diagnosis
means for different types of Ameloblastomas, but there is strong relation between
the positivity percentage of PCNA and different types of Ameloblastomas; therefore,
it can be used to differentiate between the different types.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 146
183236
Low-Level Laser Effect on Pain after BSSO Surgery

A. HARAJI, Islamic Azad University , Dental Branch, oral & maxillofacial surgery Department, Tehran,
Iran, and Z. TEHRANI, Islamic Azad University, dental Branch, Tehran, Iran

Objectives: Pain controlling is a serious challenge after surgical operation, especially
in orthognatic surgery. The aim of this research was assessing the pain control after
BSSO surgery by use of irradiation of diode low power laser.
Methods: The study was done as a double blind, split mouth, clinical trial. 38
regions were operated symmetrically. Exclusion criterion was systemic disease that
contrandication the BSSO. In each patient, the jaw was divided into control and
experimental group. In experimental group, after surgery, diode laser 810 nm, power
100 mv, energy 4 J/cm2 and 80 s was irradiated. In control group, laser was only
showed, but did not irradiated (placebo).The pain evaluation was done 6, 12, 24,
and 48 hours after surgery. The data were analyzed with Wilcson signed ranks test.
Results: Patients with mean, 20.4±1.7 years of age, 6 male and 13 female, where
selected. The jaw was divided into 2 groups (control-experimental) randomly. The
experimental group showed more pain decreasing than the placebo (control group)
(12 h after surgery P=0.003, 24 h after surgery P<0.001).
Conclusions: Low power laser application can cause pain control, more significantly
than the placebo group, after the BSSO.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 147
183237
Implant Placement Simultaneous Alveolar Ridge Augmentation with Block Bone
Graft

A. HASSANI, Oral and Maxillofacial Department, Islamic Azad University, Dental Branch, Tehran,
Iran, Tehran, Iran, and S. SAADAT, Craniomaxillofacial Research Center, Tehran University of Medical
Sciences, Shari’ati Hospital, Tehran, Iran
Objectives: Successful osseointegration of dental implants requires sufficient
bone surrounding the implant. Delayed or simultaneously implant placement after
maxilla/mandibular reconstruction is controversial. Despite the overall progress in
dental implantology, the placement of implants in the atrophic maxilla/mandible
is already considered to be challenging. On the basis of previous criterion, several
studies have shown successful results for implants placed in the block bone graft. The
aim of the present study was to demonstrate the outcome of implants placement
simultaneously in block bone graft.
Methods: This Study was designed as a cross sectional study. Consecutive patients
affected by jaw’s atrophy and treated with implants placement, simultaneous block
bone graft between 2008 to 2011, were recalled. 87 patients (42 male, 45 females)
aged between 22 and 70 years were enrolled. A total of 194 implants were inserted
in 110 surgery sites. During the recall, new X-Rays were requested and a clinical
evaluation was performed. The outcome measures were “Implant Success”, “Implant
Satisfactory Survival”, “Implant Compromised Survival”, and “Implant Failure”. The
follow up period was 19.7±6.2 months.
Results: Of the 194 implants placed simultaneous with block bone graft, 178
implants in 84 patients carried ideal conditions. The amount of crestal bone loss
of 10 implants in 7 patients was evaluated 2.6±0.5 mm. 4 mm C.B.L occurred for
3 implants in 3 patients, also a slight to moderate peri-implantitis was observed. 3
implants failed in 3 patients. The outcome was recorded as follows: Implant Success
rate: 91.8%; Implant Satisfactory Survival rate: 5.2%; Implant Compromised Survival
rate: 1.5%; and Implant Failure rate: 1.5%.
Conclusions: Based on the results, with necessary precautions, it can be concluded
that implant placement in conjunction with block bone graft simultaneously
represents a safe modality of treating the atrophic maxilla/mandible.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 148
183239
Social Capital and Self-Perceived Oral Health, Urban HEART Study

S. BABAZADEH
1
, R. YAZDANI
2
, S.Z. MOHEBBI
1
, A. MONTAZERI
3
, and H. HESSARI
1
,
1
Department of
Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
2
Department of Community Oral Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
3
department of mental health , Iranian institute for health sciences research, Tehran, Iran
Objectives: There has recently been much debate about the influence of social
capital on health outcomes. This study determined the association between social
capital and self-perceived oral health, in Tehran.
Methods: In 2011, a cross-sectional survey was performed within all 22 districts,
by municipality of Tehran, URBAN HEART survey. A questionnaire served as the
tool to measure social capital in randomly selected clustered subjects (n=21039)
within households. Social capital consisted of two main components, structural and
cognitive, and in six categories of participation, voluntary help, sense of community,
social network, trust, reciprocity; All were measured in nine layers from close family
member to other groups. The responses were based on Likert scale. The total
score was calculated through the sum of all factors. Self-perceived oral health was
measured by a single question. Descriptive statistics, contingency table, analysis of
variance ANOVA, and post-hoc test were used to detect differences. P<0.01 was
considered as significant.
Results: The mean age of the study population was 39.1 years (SD:13), 45% were
male and 72% were married. Among the respondents, 41% perceived their oral
health to be very good or good. The total social capital mean score was 42 (SD:11.9).
Respondents with a higher level of social capital revealed a better perception of their
oral health (P<0.0001).
Conclusions: Individuals with a higher social capital had a better perception of
oral health. This calls for more focus on social capital supports throughout the
communities to improve health conditions.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 149
183240
Effect of CPP-ACPF on Oral Symptoms of Patients under Chemotherapy

S. BANAVA, Islamic Azad University Dental Branch, Tehran, Iran, and M. HOSHYARI, Shohadaye
Tajrish Hospital, Tehran, Iran T. SAFAIE, Islamic Azad University Dental Center, Tehran, Iran,
Objectives: Oral status of patients undergoing chemotherapy is affected by the
drugs they received. A suitable substance with all positive properties to prevent oral
complications has not yet been introduced. So, the aim of this study was to evaluate
the effect of CPP-ACPF paste on oral status of patients undergoing chemotherapy.
Methods: This research was a clinical randomized parallel double blind trial. 20
patients with treatment plan of chemotherapy who met the inclusion criteria
entered the study and were randomly divided into the two following groups: Group
1 received routine medication of cancer therapy center, Group 2 used CPP-ACPF (MI
paste, GC USA) paste twice a day. The baseline status of oral conditions of patients
(mucositis, dry mouth, infection, diminished tasting sense, difficulty in food intake,
and burning sensation of mucosa, were recorded and re-evaluated after 21 and 42
days. The data were analyzed with Mann-Whitney U-test.
Results: Mann-Whitney test showed that using CPP-ACPF paste twice daily did not
cause any significant difference in oral complication of subject group compared to
the control (P>0.05).
Conclusions: Using CPP-ACPF paste before starting chemotherapy and during it,
could not significantly improve the oral status of patients undergoing this treatment.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 150
183241
Double Taper and Simple Taper Fiber Posts

Z. MAHDAVI IZADI
1
, E. JALALIAN
1
, M.H. SALARI
2
, M. SHIRAZI
3
, A. ORUMCHI
4
, and D.S. MAHOUTCHI
5
,
1
Islamic Azad University Dental Center, Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Iran, Tehran, Iran,
2
Islamic Azad University Dental Center, Tehran, Iran,
3
dentist, Tehran, Iran,
4
dental student ,dental
branch, Islamic Azad university, Tehran , Iran, Tehran, Iran,
5
dental student ,dental branch, Islamic
Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Objectives: Since the precast non-metal posts are used more frequently these days
in dentistry, while there are no confident data showing stress distribution across
the root canal, the purpose of this research is comparison of the stress distribution
on the walls of the root canal for two types of fiber posts, double and simple taper,
employing photo-elastic method.
Methods: This research was conducted by experimental method in photo-elastic
system. Posts used in this research were two types of Fiber posts called Simple Taper
and Double Taper with 0.9 mm diameter and 20 mm length and the applied resin
was Epoxy. The research was started by making two photo-elastic models with dental
dimensions and installing the mentioned posts in them and the core was made up
over each post. Then colorful rings developed by loading each model in Plariscope
were photographed.
Results: By loading to 100 N with 90 degree angle the simple taper fiber post had
fringe order equal to 1.39 and 2.5 in cervical and apical zones respectively, while
these figures were 1.39 and 2.35 for the same conditions and same zones for double
taper post. 150 N loading with 30 degree inclination, the simple taper post had fringe
order magnitudes in cervical and apical zones equal to 4 and 2.65 respectively while
double taper showed 4 and 2.5 fringe order at the similar condition.
Conclusions: In vertical forces, the double taper posts have better stress distribution
compared to simple taper ones.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 151
183242
Comparison of Two Adhesive Systems on FRC Post Bond Strength

F. BALOUCH
1
, M. SHIRYAN
2
, M. SHAHNEH SABET
2
, T. LESSAN
2
, and E. MOHAMMADDIAN AMIRI
2
,
1
Islamic Azad University Dental Center, Tehran, Iran,
2
Islamic Azad university, Dental faculty, Tehran,
Iran
Objectives: One of the most important concerns in dentistry is endodontically
treated teeth restorations. Recently, fibers and use of adhesive and resin cement for
post cementation have increased. Two cementation systems are available: Separate
acid etch adhesive and Self-adhesive. To evaluate the post retention, the push out
technique was used. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of
self-adhesive and separate acid etch adhesive on regional bond strength on a kind of
fiber reinforced post.
Methods: 20 endodontically treated teeth were randomly divided into two groups
(n=10); in one group Self-adhesive system without using etch and bond technique,
and in the other group Separate acid etch adhesive system after etching (Phosphoric
acid 32%) and bonding cements were applied into the root canal space. 12 mm
of each cemented post within root canal sectioned in equal thirds using a 0.1 mm
diamond disk. Each slice was polished with soft and wet abrasive paper to obtain 2
mm thickness. Loading was performed by a testing machine with a speed of 1 mm/
min. until these posts were dislodged. The obtained data were statically analyzed
using one sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov, T-test, and ANOVA test.
Results: Significant differences were found on all tooth regions. In separate acid etch
adhesive group, the bond strength was stronger at coronal and middle regions. In
self-adhesive system group, the bond strength was stronger at apical region. Bond
strength was significantly increased from coronal to apical in self-adhesive system. In
contrast, this bond strength rate reduced in coronal to apical in other group.
Conclusions: According to the increase of bond strength obtained in separate acid
etch adhesive compared to self-adhesive, it seems convenient to use separate
acid etch adhesive system for cementation of fiber reinforced post instead of self-
adhesive system.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 152
183243
Dental Pain and Self Perceived Oral Health, Urban HEART

Z. MOMENI, A. PAKDAMAN, and H. HESSARI, Department of Community Oral Health, School of
Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Objectives: To assess the prevalence of dental pain and to investigate the association
between dental pain and self-perceived oral health among Tehrani adults (15-64
years old, 2011).
Methods: Using a self-administered questionnaire, data were collected on dental
pain experience in the past 12 months (present pain, pain within past 12 months, pain
lasted for three months) in a sample of 21039 (9418 were male) 15- to 64-year-old
adults. Data were from a large population-based cross-sectional survey conducted
in the city of Tehran, using the Urban Health Equity Assessment and Response Tool
(Urban-HEART) 2011. Chi-square tests analysis was used to assess the associations
between dental pain experience and self-perceived oral health.
Results: The questionnaire was completed by 21039 individuals between 15 and 64
years old with a mean age of 39 (SD=13.02 - Range= 49). The response rate was
95%. 19% of adults reported having dental pain at the present, 14% reported having
dental pain in the past 12 months and 5% reported having dental pain that lasted for
3 months. Females had pain more than males (P<0.001). Self-reported oral health
presented poor and very poor by most of the subjects.
Conclusions: Findings indicated that age, education, poor and very poor self-
perceived oral health were related to dental pain in this group.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 153
183245
Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Four Intracanal Medicaments on L929 Fibroblasts

Y. SHANTIAEI, Associate Professor, Dept. of Endodontics, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of
Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, O. DIANAT, Assistant Professor, Dept. of Endodontics, Dental School,
Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, N. BAHROLOLUMI, Undergraduate
Student, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, and S. YAGHMAEI,
Postgraduate Student, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Objectives: Endodontic therapy is performed in multiple sessions in many
occasions with the use of different intracanal medicaments to eradicate the existing
microorganisms and prevent the growth of new bacteria. Besides anti-microbial
activity, their histocompatibility would be of great significance. The aim of this study
was to compare the cytotoxicity of calcium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide reinforced
with chlorhexidine, 2% chlorhexidine solution, and 2% chlorhexidine gel.
Methods: In this in vitro study, cytotoxicity was evaluated by fibroblast cell culture
and its direct contact with the test materials. Cell survival fraction was estimated
by MTT test after 1, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h. The corresponding data were analyzed
statistically using One way ANOVA test.
Results: By gradually increasing concentrations and time, an increased cytotoxicity
was observed for each agent. 2% chlorhexidine gel had the highest toxicity in all
concentrations and time durations, while calcium hydroxide had the least. After
1 hour, calcium hydroxide had the lowest cytotoxicity. However, no significant
differences were observed between the three other agents (P>0.05). The same trend
was observed in other time durations.
Conclusions: Calcium hydroxide is the least toxic intracanal medicament. Agents
containing chlorhexidine should be used with caution in tooth canals due to their
great potency of cytotoxicity. Calcium hydroxide reinforced with chlorhexidine with
less cytotoxicity than chlorhexidine can be used as dressing between endodontic
sessions with caution.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 154
183246
Stepwise Excavation Using MTA: A Randomized Clinical Trial

M. SAFAIE YAZDI
1
, S. BANAVA
2
, and H. HESHMAT
3
,
1
Islamic Azad University-Dental Branch, Tehran,
Iran,
2
Islamic Azad University Dental Branch, Tehran, Iran,
3
Department of Restorative Dentistry and
Dental Materials, Islamic Azad University-Dental Branch, Tehran, Iran
Objectives: It has been proved that pulpal exposure could be avoided in deep carious
lesions, using Stepwise Excavation (SE). The lining material that covers the remaining
caries plays an important role in this technique. Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) is
a biocompatible cement with appropriate characteristics such as antibacterial effect,
sealing ability, and induction of dentine formation. The aim of this randomized
clinical trial was to investigate the effect of using MTA liner on the success of SE with
no re-entry after 12 months.
Methods: 48 patients participated in this study according to inclusion criteria.
Patients were randomly assigned into 2 groups: Group 1 (Control): 22, no liner applied,
Group 2: 26, MTA. After evaluating responses of each tooth to cold, percussion, and
pressure, a cavity was prepared and caries were excavated completely from the
periphery of the cavity, except the pulpal floor or the axial wall. The liner was applied
according to manufacturing instructions. Restoration of the cavity was done with
EQUIA System (Posterior Glass Ionomer, GC Co., USA). The cavity was conditioned
with polyacrylic acid, restored with a capsule of posterior glass ionomer and coated
with a special nano-hydrophobic light-cured resin (G Coat, GC Co., USA). Clinical and
radiographical evaluations were done on certain periods up to 12 months.
Results: The results of this study revealed that there was a significant difference
between the two groups regarding the symptoms (P>0.05). Three cases in Group
1 resulted in irreversible pulpitis after SE, which needed RCT while eight cases
experienced sensitivity to cold during clinical examinations (P<0.05). Only one
patient in Group 2 experienced sensitivity to cold (P<0.05).
Conclusions: MTA can be used as a lining material over the remaining caries in SE
technique without re-entry. However, longer evaluation time is suggested.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 155
183248
Influence of Spatial Resolution on Detection of Non-Cavitated Proximal Lesions

S. NIKNESHAN, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, F. MASHHADI ABBAS,
Dental Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, and S.
SABBAGH, Dental Student, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Objectives: This in vitro study aimed at comparing the diagnostic accuracy of two
digital radiographic systems with three spatial resolution settings in the detection of
non-cavitated proximal lesions.
Methods: 70 non-restored, extracted human premolars were used in this
experimental study. The teeth were mounted in 14 plaster blocks. Two blocks were
simultaneously used to simulate a bitewing radiograph and digital images were
taken by two digital systems: Digora Optime (PSP) at two resolution settings (high
and super) and Trophy RVG Access (CMOS) at one. Six observers evaluated 105
proximal surfaces for caries on a 4-point scale in two sessions for each setting. The
teeth were sectioned and actual extent of caries was coded on the same scale by
an oral pathologist. The results of the histological examination were served as gold
standard. Finally, the data were transferred to SPSS version 18 and analyzed using
Kruskal-Wallis test; P<0/05 was regarded as significant.
Results: There was no statistical difference between the spatial resolution settings
assessed in this study for detection of proximal lesions (P>0.05). Overall, Trophy RVG
Access showed the highest specificity, 87.7%, and Digora Optime images scanned
with high resolution had the lowest specificity, 84.2%.
Conclusions: The results indicated the comparable performance of both digital
systems and their three spatial resolution settings in the detection of non-cavitated
proximal caries.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 156
183250
Assessment of the Electromyographic Activity and Vertical Dimension (VDR)

S. LAWAF, Assistant professor of prosthetic department-Islamic Azad University/Dental Branch,
tehran, Iran, A. AZIZI, Associate professor Of Islamic Azad University>Dental Branch.Oral medicine
department, tehran, Iran, M. PAKRAVAN, Islamic Azad University -Dental Branch, Tehran, Iran, and
S.S. FAKHR TABATABAIE, Islamic Azad University/Dental Branch, Tehran, Iran
Objectives: the purpose of this study was to compare the electromyographic (EMG)
activity of the anterior temporal and masseter muscles using habitual methods such as
swallowing of saliva, phonetic and absolute rest to determine the clinical rest position.
Methods: In this experimental study, 30 healthy subjects with natural dentition and
healthy muscles were tested. Having located the Bipolar surface electrodes on the
right anterior temporal and masseter muscles, EMG (MT8, MIE British Company)
record was taken. Vertical dimension of rest position (VDR) was measured while
performing the following jaw posture tasks: during and after pronouncing the
word “Maryam”, during and after swallowing of saliva, and while maintaining their
mandible in a relaxed posture.
Results: The mean voltage of masseter and anterior temporal muscle shows that
there is a significant difference between mean voltage of swallowing method and
phonetic, absolute rest (P<0.05); but there is no significant difference between
mean voltage of phonetic and absolute rest (P>0.05). Also mean VDR shows that
there is significant difference between all mentioned methods (P<0.05). The most
measured rate is related to absolute rest, phonetic and rest posture after swallowing
respectively.
Conclusions: The results provide scientific evidence that all mentioned methods can
be used; and if there is difference, mean measured rates will be applied.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 157
183251
Dental Bleaching Induced Redox Perturbation

M. AKBARI
1
, A.H. NEJAT
2
, N. FARKHONDEH
1
, S. MEHRABAN MOGHADAM
3
, and S.I. HASHEMY
4
,
1
Dental Research Centre Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,
2
Student Research
Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,
3
Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad
University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,
4
Addiction Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine,
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
Objectives: At-home bleaching is one of the techniques in which carbamide peroxide
or hydrogen peroxide is utilized as tooth whitening agent. However, there exists
no clinical data regarding systemic safety of this technique. The aim of the current
study was to investigate the systemic effect of home bleaching on serum oxidative-
antioxdative status.
Methods: 29 healthy volunteers in demand of tooth whitening participated in this
study. Specified bleaching trays were built for maxilla and mandible. Two syringes
containing hydrogen peroxide 9% gel were given to each participant to use for
30 min/night for 14 consecutive nights as instructed. To evaluate the oxidative-
antioxdative status, the serum concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) as marker
of serum oxidative level, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and prooxidant-antioxidant
balance (PAB) were measured. Data were collected and analyzed in SPSS version 11.5
using the paired sample t-test. The confidence interval was set on 95%.
Results: 23 subjects completed the study. MDA, PAB, and TAC were increased
significantly after bleaching period (P=0.001, 0.001 and 0.002, respectively).
Although the magnitude of TAC change was not as big as MDA and PAB changes, the
effect size of all measures was big (Eta square>0.16).
Conclusions: Results of the current study revealed that tooth whitening with dentist-
supervised home bleaching technique could induce detectable oxidative stress in
human serum, which must be considered as a serious safety concern.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 158
183253
Five Years Epidemiology Study on Oral Cancers in Tehran (2001-2006)

N. PAHLAVAN, Tehran, Iran, N. GOLMOHAMMADI, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran, and S. NAJAFI,
MSc in Oral Medicine, Dental School, Tehran University Of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Objectives: These days, oral and pharyngeal cancer is one of the main causes of death
and disability which is differently prevalent depending on geographic region. In Iran,
it is the 13th and 17th most common cancer among men and women respectively.
The aim of this study was to investigate epidemiologic factors related to oral and
pharyngeal cancers, during 5 years, (2001-2006), in clinical and educational centers
in Tehran.
Methods: In this retrospective study, 256 cases were selected from 5 cancer
centers of clinical and educational. The forms were filled in by two methods. The
first, information were collected from completed medical records and in the other
method, incomplete files were completed via calling patients by phone. ICDO-Coding
system was used to determine the kind of malignant lesions. SPSS software was used
for statistical data analysis.
Results: Among 256 cases, squamous cell carcinoma (S.C.C) was the most common
lesion (70.3%) followed by moucco epidermoid carcinoma (M.E.C). The most
common site in mouth was the tongue (25.8%) and in pharynx was larynx (15.2%).
The mean age of patients was observed in the fifth to eighth decades. S.C.C and
M.E.C had the most recurrence rate. In 23 cases (11.3%) metastasis were reported
from which 14 cases were S.C.C.
Conclusions: The results of this study showed that the most common malignancy
in oral and pharynx was S.C.C and men almost were involved two times more than
women. Therefore, it is necessary that the authorities be ware about referring
patients to specialized centers for control and management as soon as possible.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 159
183254
Assessment of Adults’ Periodontal Knowledge Following a Mass Media Campaign

M. GHOLAMI
1
, A. PAKDAMAN
2
, A. MONTAZERI
3
, A. JAFARI
1
, and J.I. VIRTANEN
4
,
1
Tehran University of
Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
2
Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Tehran
University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
3
department of mental health , Iranian institute for
health sciences research, Tehran, Iran,
4
University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
Objectives: To assess the effect of a national TV campaign on knowledge of
periodontal health among Iranian adults in Tehran.
Methods: A before-after survey among adults aged 18-50 was conducted using
a stratified multistage sampling method in the 22 districts of Tehran city in 2011.
All participants were interviewed at two points in time: baseline (before launching
the campaign) and follow-up (after the campaign was finished) using a validated
instrument. The campaign included an animation clip about periodontal health and
disease that was telecasted in a ten-time interval for ten days from five channels of
national TV. The instrument included items related to aetiology and signs of gum
disease. Knowledge level was determined as sum score of periodontal knowledge
and changes in knowledge score was calculated. Chi-square test, Wilcoxon Signed
Ranks Test and logistic regression analysis served for statistical analysis.
Results: 791 individuals (mean age: 32.6 years) were interviewed before launching the
campaign, 543 of whom responded on the follow-up session. 245 indicated that they
had seen the campaign (30%) and the rest reported that they had not. The mean age
of the individuals who participated in the follow-up was 33 years. Improvement of
the knowledge score was statistically significant in those who had seen the campaign
(0.61±0.96) compared to those who had not (0.29±0.85) (P<0.001). In the regression
model, the variables significantly predicted improvement of periodontal knowledge
score were seeing the campaign (OR=2.20, %95 CI=1.37-3.54), female gender
(OR=1.59, %95 CI=1.05-2.43), being in the age group of 25-34 (OR=1.76, %95 CI=1.00-
3.08), having higher education (OR=2.34, %95 CI=1.23-4.43) (OR=3.33, %95 CI=1.66-
6.64) and having higher baseline knowledge score (OR=0.25, %95CI=0.17-0.36).
Conclusions: The findings of this study demonstrated a positive impact of the TV
campaign on Iranian adults’ knowledge regarding periodontal health and disease.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 160
183255
Effect of Fluoride on Enamel Roughness after Home Bleaching

S. NEMATI ANARAKI, Islamic Azad Dental University, Tehran, Iran and S. AZIMZAD, Islamic Azad
Dental University, Tehran, Iran
Objectives: Increased enamel roughness is one of the main problems which occurs
after bleaching that can cause an increase in caries occurrence, plaque accumulation,
and discoloration. Some materials were found useful to decrease these effects, such
as HA, calcium and phosphate, fluoride etc.
Methods: 20 samples (newly extracted intact premolars) were included in this
experimental study. They were divided into two groups of 10. First the enamel
roughness of each group of samples was measured before treatment by profilometer
device (RT200 Roughness profilometers, USA ).Then one group was bleached twice
daily for 14 days and each time for 1 h by Opalescence (Ultradent, USA) 22%CP
and the other group was bleached by Whiteness Perfect (FGM, Brazil) 20%CP.
Immediately after bleaching, the enamel roughness of each sample was measured
again. The samples were immersed in artificial saliva throughout the study. After
bleaching, fluoride (Flor Opal1.1%) was applied on each sample for 8 hours and the
enamel roughness of each sample was measured. One Way ANOVA was used to
compare the difference between groups.
Results: In both groups after bleaching the enamel roughness was increased and
the enamel roughness was decreased after fluoride therapy and it was even lower
than the enamel roughness before treatment. There was no significant difference
between these two groups.
Conclusions: According to this study, it was shown that bleaching will increase the
enamel roughness but artificial saliva and fluoride therapy after bleaching not only
remove the harmful effects but also improve the enamel roughness even before
than baseline.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 161
183256
Effect of Combined Fluoride-Chlorhexidine Mouthrinse on Orthodontic Patients’
Oral Health

M. DEHGHANI, assistant orthodontist, dental research center, School of Dentistry, Mashhad
University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, M. ABTAHI, associate orthodontist, School of
Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, H. SHAFAEE, senior resident of
orthodontics, , School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, and
B. TANBAKOUCHI, Senior resident of orthodontics, , School of Dentistry, orthodontics department,
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
Objectives: The purpose of current study was to investigate whether combined
mouthrinse containing both fluoride and chlorhexidine would improve clinical oral
hygiene parameters and could be efficacious in reducing total bacterial level, and
cariogenic bacteria.
Methods: In this double blind clinical study, 60 fixed orthodontic patients aged 15-
25 years who had mild gingivitis were randomly assigned to one of the following
4 mouthrinses groups: 1- Combined fluoride and chlorhexidine, 2- Chlorhexidine
0.12%, 3- Fluoride 0.05%, 4- Placebo. Following baseline examination, the members
of each group were instructed to use the assigned mouthrinse twice daily for 1 min.
Their usual oral hygiene procedures were continued. They were also encouraged
to continue their usual oral hygiene practices. Bleeding index (BI), marginal gingival
index (MGI) and plaque index (PI) were determined at baseline (T0) and after 3
weeks of mouthrinsing (T1). Also, supragingival plaque samples were obtained and
assessed for total bacterial, lactobacillus, and streptococcus mutans colony counts.
Results: BI and MGI: Both combined and chlorhexidine mouthrinses significantly
reduced the mean amounts of BI and MGI (P<0.05). Fluoride mouthrinse was less
effective than the those two, but more efficient than placebo. PI: combined and
chlorhexidine mouthrinses reduced PI significantly (P<0.05) and fluoride and placebo
did not improve PI. Total bacterial count: Except placebo, other mouthrinses reduced
total bacterial count, but the effect of combined one was significantly better. The order
of efficiency was combined>chlorhexidine>Fluoride. Lactobacillus count: Combined
one was significantly better than the others. Streptococcus mutans count: All, except
placebo reduced colony count. The order of efficiency was combined>chlorhexidine,
Fluoride. Chlorhexidine and Fluoride difference was not significant.
Conclusions: The new combined mouthrinse had similar to better effects compared
to chlorhexidine mouthrinse on improving clinical parameters of orthodontic patients
while could take advantage of fluoride. However, further studies are recommended to
assess the effect of new combined mouthrinse in reducing white spot lesions.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 162
183259
Effect of Irradiation Time and Distance on Nano-Hybrid Composites Microhard-
ness

T.S. JAFARZADEH KASHI
1
, M. HAJIHASANI
2
, S. HEIDARI
1
, K. KHOSHROO
1
, and R. MASAELI
1
,
1
Dental
Biomaterials Department, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
2
School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the microhardness of top three
nano-hybrid resin based composites polymerized by QTH for different irradiation
times and distances.
Methods: A total of 180 disk-shaped samples were prepared from three nano-hybrid
resin based composites: Grandio (VOCO), Tetric N-ceram (Ivoclar Vivadent), Simile
(Pentron) in a teflon mold (diameter of 10 mm and height of 2 mm). 90 specimens
for different distances were divided in three groups: (0 m, 3 mm, 9 mm). For each
group, 10 specimens were made. Metal rings were used to control the distances. 90
specimens for different curing times were divided in three groups: (10 s, 20 s, 40 s).
For each group 10 specimens were made. Vickers microhardness was measured on
top and bottom surfaces. ANOVA test was used for statistical analysis.
Results: There was statistically significant difference in the microhardness between
the groups with different times and distances (P<0.001). For all specimens top
surface values were greater than bottom surfaces, but the ratio was different in three
composites, ranging from 0.66 to 0.94. The highest top and bottom microhardness
was measured for Grandio.
Conclusions: The results revealed that microhardness improves significantly by
increasing the irradiation time or reducing the irradiation distance.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 163
183260
Assessing the Knowledge of Senior Dental Students towards Antibiotic Prescrip-
tion

S. MARANDI, DDS, Master student in MSc program in Global Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm,
Sweden, G. MARRONE, PhD, Div of Global Health, IHCAR, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden,
and H. GHASEMI, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge of senior dental
students in four dental schools in Iran in regards to antibiotic prescription and
antibiotic resistance.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the pre-tested questionnaire was given to all
the 181 senior dental students in four universities. Of the 72 surveys returned, 69
were accepted as follows: University no. 1: 23 students, University no. 2: 18 students,
University no. 3: 16 students and University no. 4: 12 students. The questionnaire
consisted of demographic, behavioral, and background questions and knowledge
and attitude questions. Both ways of distributing the questionnaires, by hand in
three universities and in one university by email, were examined. For statistical
analysis T-test, Chi-square, and ANOVA were conducted.
Results: The mean of the total knowledge score was 30.98 out of 43. Only 49.1%
of the students had acceptable knowledge (knowledge score≥33) in regards to
antibiotic prescription and antibiotic resistance. More than 50% of the students
chose to prescribe antibiotics prophylactically in case of Mitral valve prolapse. Nearly
half of the students did not know that antibiotic resistance can spread from human
to human. There was not a significant difference in the knowledge scores based on
the gender and studying in the newly or old established universities (P>0.05). The
lowest response rate was observed in the university in which the questionnaires
were sent to the students via email.
Conclusions: Dental students’ knowledge about antibiotic usage and antibiotic
resistance seems inadequate. As the knowledge foundation of dental students
about medication is laid and improved by the offered courses during undergraduate
studies, further education and more comprehensive courses covering the antibiotic
prescription for orofacial infections are recommended to update the students.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 164
183265
Radiographic Localization of Mandibular Foramen in an Iranian Population

F. AFKHAMI, assistant professor of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus,
Tehran, TX, Iran
Objectives: Precise information about location of mandibular foramen is very
important in maxillofacial surgery and blocking inferior alveolar nerve. Knowing the
location of mandibular foramen in relation to different skeletal landmarks may help
successful anesthesia and surgery in this region. Therefore knowing the normal range
of possible locations is essential. The objective of this study was to determine the
position of the mandibular foramen based on panoramic radiographs in a selected
Iranian population.
Methods: The 250 panoramic radiographs of adult patients who needed for different
reasons and taken with Planmeca panoramic set (model PM 2002 CC) were evaluated
in radiology department. The position of the mandibular foramen relative to the
superior, inferior, and posterior borders of the mandibular ramus and sigmoid notch
were measured. The diameter of the mandibular foramen was also determined
using caliper with 0.05 mm accuracy. The panoramic film magnifications were also
measured and the real distances were estimated.
Results: Average distance of mandibular foramen was 15.17±3.64 mm from ramus
anterior border, 32.21±4.39 mm from ramus posterior border, 13.40±2.20 mm from
inferior border of ramus, and 13.71±2.99 mm from sigmoid notch. In addition, the
mandibular foramen diameter was 4.38±1.08 mm.
Conclusions: This information can be used to perform safer inferior nerve block
during surgical interventions.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 165
183267
Comparison of CalciumHydroxide, MTA, and CEM Cement in Stepwise Excavation:
Final Results

S. BANAVA, Islamic Azad University Dental Branch, Tehran, Iran, M. SAFAIE YAZDI, Islamic Azad
University-Dental Branch, Tehran, Iran, H. HESHMAT, Islamic Azad University Dental Center, Tehran,
Iran, and M.J. KHARRAZIFARD, Tehran University of Medical Sciences- Dental Faculty, Tehran, Iran
Objectives: Stepwise excavation is a conservative approach to treat the deep carious
lesions in which pulpal exposure is probable. Different materials have been suggested
as liners over the remained caries. Calcium hydroxide is the most common material.
The aim of this clinical randomized trial was to compare the effect of calcium
hydroxide, MTA, and CEM cement in stepwise excavation of deep caries lesions with
no re-entry up to 12 months after restoration.
Methods: 96 patients participated in this study. Inclusion criteria were as follow:
existence of at least one tooth with deep caries, no evidence of irreversible pulpitis
and PDL widening, and presence of a radiopaque zone at the pulpal wall. Participants
were randomly divided into 4 groups: Group 1 (Control): No liner applied, Group 2:
Calcium Hydroxide, Group 3: MTA, Group 4: CEM cement. After baseline evaluation
of response of the involved tooth to cold, hot, percussion, and pressure, a cavity was
prepared and caries excavated completely from the periphery of the cavity, but it
was remained on the pulpal floor or the axial wall. The liner was applied; the cavity
was conditioned with polyacrylic acid, and restored with posterior glass ionomer
(Fuji 9 plus, GC Co., USA). Clinical symptoms of patients were evaluated at specific
times until 12 months and x-rays were taken after 2, 6, and 12 months.
Results: Results of this study showed that only one case in group 2 resulted in
irreversible pulpitis after stepwise excavation, which needed RCT. There has been no
evidence of clinical symptoms in the remaining cases in all groups until now.
Conclusions: Preliminary results of this clinical study indicate that all the materials
are promising in stepwise excavation of deep caries with no re-entry, but longer
evaluation time is required.
This abstract is based on research that was funded entirely or partially by an outside source:
Dental Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 166
183269
Comparison of Penetration Depth of Two Different Photosensitizers in Root
Canal Wall

E. KOSARIEH, Department of Peridontics Zanjan Faculty of Dentistry, Zanjan, Iran, S. SATTARI
KHAVAS, Department of Endodontics, Zanjan Faculty Of Dentistry, Zanjan, Iran, and A. RAHIMI,
Private Practice, Karaj, Iran
Objectives: The main objective of this study was to evaluate the penetration depth
of suggested photosensitizers in the lateral wall of the human root canal.
Methods: 40 extracted single-rooted human teeth with straight canals that had been
extracted for periodontal reasons were collected and stored in the sterile saline until
employment in the experiment. The teeth were decoronated to a standard 12 mm
root segment using diamond disc. After instrumentation of specimens, the external
root surface was sealed with two layers of nail polish to avoid environmental
contamination. The apical foramen was subsequently closed with composite material.
The teeth were randomly divided into two major groups consisting of indocyanine
green solution (ICG) and tolonium chloride solution (TCH) with and without EDTA in
their subgroups. Specimens in all groups were grooved longitudinally with a diamond
disc and were split in two halves with a stainless steel chisel. The measurements
were done by the stereo microscope under 20X magnification in three zones of each
specimen and the penetration depth of dye was measured.
Results: The results of this study showed that the mean of lateral penetration depth
of ICG (224.04 µm) was significantly (P<0.05) higher than TCH (70.15 µm). Regarding
to the influence of EDTA, in ICG group without consideration to the different regions,
the usage of EDTA improved the mean of lateral penetration depth of ICG, but this
improvement was not statistically significant (P>0.05). However, in the TCH group,
the mean of lateral penetration depth of TCH into the lateral wall of the canal was
significantly improved by EDTA usage (P=0.004).
Conclusions: Further to the findings of this study, it could be assumed that ICG could
kill bacteria in deeper regions of the root canal wall. Therefore, it could be used as
an alternative to the tolonium chloride in PDT.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 167
183274
Assessment of Retentive Strength Orthodontic Bands Cemented with ACP-Modi-
fied GI

N. KOOHESTANIAN
1
, F. HERAVI
2
, M. OMIDKHODA
3
, N. GHAFFARI
1
, and FARZIN HERAVI, MARYAM
OMIDKHODA,NEGIN GHAFFARI,
1
Dentist, faculty of dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical
sciences, Mashhad, Iran, Mashhad, Iran,
2
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,
3
Assistant professor, department of orthodontic, Mashhad dental school, Mashhad University of
Medical Sciences. Mashhad, Iran, Mashhad, Iran
Objectives: One of the problems concerning banding in orthodontics is the formation
of decalcified areas around the bands. In addition, the bands are likely to loosen
during the treatment, thus the cement is required to provide efficient bond strength
and retention. In order to prevent demineralization of enamel, amorphous calcium
phosphate (ACP)-containing cements have been introduced recently. The aim of
this study was to evaluate the retention strength of ACP-containing glass-ionomer
cement (GIC) for band fixation.
Methods: 120 extracted human mandibular third molars were embedded in acrylic
resin blocks, leaving the buccal surface of the crowns parallel to the base of the
molds. The teeth were randomly divided into four groups containing 30 teeth each.
Groups 1 and 3 were banded using conventional GIC and groups 2 and 4 were banded
using ACP-containing orthodontic cement. Thereafter, the samples were maintained
in the incubator in stilled water and at a temperature of 37°C for 48 hours. Groups
1 and 3 immediately, and groups 2 and 4 after thermo cycling (5000 cycles,5° to
55°C),were examined for retention strength, using universal testing machine (cross-
head speed of 1 mm/min).The data were analyzed using variance analysis (ANOVA)
and Tukey test via SPSS.
Results: The highest retention strength (mean: 1.5140 MPa) belonged to group 1
(with conventional GI cement and without thermo cycling), and the lowest retention
strength (mean: 1.1695 MPa) belonged to group 2 (ACP-containing GI cement with
thermo cycling). According to Tukey test results, the difference between group 1 and
groups 2 and 3 was significant (P<0.05). The difference between group 2 and groups
1 and 4 was also significant (P<0.05).
Conclusions: Although retention strength decreased when ACP was added to GI
cement,after thermo cycling,retention strength of the samples banded by ACP-
containing GI was remarkably higher to a point that it had no significant difference
with the retention strength of GI cement group without thermo cycling.It seems that
in the oral cavity ACP-containing GI cement has sufficient strength to endure the
forces upon posterior teeth.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 168
183281
Internal Connection Reverse Torque Values in 3 Types of Abutments

A.S. MOSTAFAVI
1
, S. NOKAR
2
, and H. HAJIMIRAGA
2
,
1
assistant professor, prosthodontic department,
dental faculty of Zahedan university, tehran, Iran,
2
assistant professor, prosthodontic department,
dental faculty of Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
Objectives: Biomechanical complications associated with dental implants have
caused problems for both dentists and patients; in addition, they are time-consuming
and need extra cost. Screw loosening and fracture are among these problems, which
are still faced in clinical practice. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the
reverse torque values of three different types of abutments in Implantium dental
implant system.
Methods: 18 internal hexagonal implants (6 for each type of abutment) were divided
into three groups, 2-piece abutment (group 1), 1-piece abutment (group 2), and
Screw abutment (group 3). Abutments were tightened by digital torque gauge and
after 15 minutes, the reverse torque values were recorded.
Results: The mean reverse torque values of studied groups were as follows
respectively: 20.65±1.92 N.cm, 37.88±4.28 N.cm, 30.76±3.92 N.cm, which showed
a significant difference between three groups. The samples in group 3 showed the
highest reverse torque values after group 2 and both were significantly higher than
group 1 (P=0.000).
Conclusions: More surface area in implant -abutment connection causes more
adaptation between adjacent surfaces and may increase the cold weld probability.
Consequently, it may reduce screw abutment loosening.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 169
183285
Prevalence of Different Techniques used in Implant Supported Fixed Prosthesis

A. ZARBAKHSH, Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Islamic Azad University of
Tehran, dental branch, Tehran, Iran, K. SEYYEDAN, Assistant Professor, Department of Fixed
Prosthodontics, Shahid Beheshti University, dental branch, Tehran, Iran, A. MAZAHERI TEHRANI,
Assistant Professor, Department of Removable Prosthodontics, Islamic Azad University of Tehran,
dental branch, Tehran, Iran, and M. HASSANPOUR SHATER, Student Islamic Azad University of
Tehran, dental branch, Tehran, Iran
Objectives: Introducing dental implants in dentistry is the reason for lots of progresses
in this field. Differences in pattern and structures of dental implant result in different
treatment options, so that clinicians use several techniques and materials for implant
restorations. The aim of this study was to determine prevalence of techniques used
for treating partially edentulous patients with implant supported prosthesis.
Methods: A questionnaire was designed containing all the variety of different
techniques used to treat patients with implant supported prosthesis. The reliability
and validity of this questionnaire was evaluated by 2 prosthodontists. Copies of the
questionnaire were sent to105 professors of Iranian Dental Schools via Email.
Results: In analysis of the 78 questionnaire that were sent back, 67 of the participants
(85.9%) preferred Cement.R and 6 (7.7%) preferred Screw.R. 59 of the professors
(75.6%) used restorations jointed together and 10 (12.8%) preferred separate
restoration. Most of them, (67 people, 85.9%), used Delayed loading for maxillary
and mandibular implants. Also, most of them used Coping open and Stock tray
technique for impression. Solidarization technique was the least preferred. Addition
silicon was the most preferred material. 73 people (93.6%) preferred Metal ceramic
restorations and 50 of the participants (64.1%) used precious and 17 of them (21.8%)
used nonprecious alloys. Only 31 people (39.7%) preferred Metal Free restorations
anf 26 of them (33.3%) preferred using Ceramic restorations and 4 of them (5.1%)
preferred Composite restorations. Finally, 65 of the respondents (83.3%) were against
using Mini Implants in treatment of patients with implant supported prosthesis and
only 9 of them (11.5%) agreed with the treatment.
Conclusions: The most preferred final restoration type was Cement.R, Delayed
loading was the most used loading technique in Maxillary and Mandibular implants,
Metal Ceramic Restoration was the most preferred and used restoration material.
The majority of the respondents were against using Mini implants.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 170
183291
Geometric Parameters of Implants and stress distribution in Partial Overdenture

Z. RAHMANI, Postgraduate Student of Prosthodontics, Department of Prosthodontics, School
of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, tehran, Iran, A. FAYAZ, Assistance
professors, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of
Medical Science, teharn, Iran, A. GERAMY, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
and Y. MEMARI, Assistance professors, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Shahid
Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
Objectives: The present study aimed to assess the effects of length and inclination
of implants on stress distribution on implant and terminal abutment teeth in an
implant assisted-removable partial denture based on three-dimensional finite
element analysis.
Methods: In an in vitro trial, a 3D finite element model of a partial dentate mandible
with designed DERPD and dental implants was established to analyze stress
distribution in bone around terminal abutment teeth and implants with different
lengths and angles.
Results: The stress in the PDL of first premolar teeth ranged between 0.133 MPa in
10 mm implants with the angle of 15 degree and 0.248 MPa in 7 mm implants with
the angle of 0 degree. The minimum analyzed stress was specified to the implants
with 10 mm length with the angle of 0 degree with the stress of 19.33 MPa and was
maximized in 25.78 MPa for implants with 10 mm length with the angle of 15 degree.
In implants with the fixed length of 7 mm, with the increase of transplanting angles,
the stress on implants was gradually elevated. Similarly, in implants with the fixed
length of 10 mm, increasing transplant angles resulted in quantize increase in the
stress on implants.
Conclusions: With respect to minimizing stress on implants, not only the length
and diameter of implant could be considered, but also the angle of implantation is
concurrently necessary. Results showed vertical implanting resulted in lower stress
on implant and therefore by increasing this angle, the distribution of stress could be
gradually increased.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 171
183294
Potential Psychological Effect of GA on Pediatric Dental Patients

M.V. GOLPAYEGANI
1
, G. ANSARI
2
, M. AALI
3
, and A. ANSARI
3
,
1
Professor of Pediatric Dentistry, Tehran,
Iran,
2
Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
3
Shahid Beheshti Medical
University, Tehran, Iran
Objectives: The necessity for using anesthesia in dentistry for disobedient children
and medically compromised ones is widely accepted as a path to ultimately deliver
dental treatment to them. Based on the limited experience of such conditions in Iran
and the fact that it has many unknown points yet to be outlined, this experience was
conducted in order to assess the possible psychological effects of general anesthesia
on the behavior of children under 6 years old after receiving treatment at Mofid
Children’s hospital during 2009-2010.
Methods: This longitudinal study was carried out on 90 children who received dental
treatment under general anesthesia. A prepared questionnaire was used including 25
questions on child behavior before the anesthesia with similar number of questions
for changes 30 days after the treatment, answered by parents. Data were processed
by SPSS version 15.0.
Results: Overall, 30 girls and 60 boys were included in the current study. The mean
age of the patients was 46.6±12.3 months. The mean weight of the subjects was
15.3±2.78% kgs. The anesthesia led to small but meaningful behavioral changes in 7
cases, among which 2 individuals improved while 5 reported remaining behavioral
changes for some time.
Conclusions: Most negative behavioral changes seen in children were anger and
excitement in comparison to before the anesthesia, and the most positive behavioral
change was ease in eating behavior.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 172
183296
Oral/Intramuscular Ketamine, Midazolam, Atropine for Dental Sedation

G. ANSARI, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, M. VAHID GOLPAYEGANI,
Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, N. PASDAR, Assistant professor, Babol,
Iran, and A. MAHDAVI, Assistant professor, Tehran, Iran
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a
mixture of ketamine, midazolam and atropine while comparing oral and intramuscular
routes for sedation of pediatric uncooperative dental patients.
Methods: In this crossover randomized clinical trial, 31 pediatric patients, 1-4 year(s)
old were classified as definitely negative (Frankl 1969). Cases were randomly assigned
for one of the two groups receiving either oral (ketamine 10 mg/kg, midazolam 0.2
mg/kg and atropine 0.02 mg/kg) or intramuscular (ketamine 6 mg/kg, midazolam
0.05 mg/kg and atropine 0.02 mg/kg) in the first visit followed by the other route
in the second visit. Sedation score was recorded along with behavior rating (Houpt
behavioral rating scale), physiological parameters, and side effects. Dental treatment
was performed in all the cases when they were judged sedated by two independent
pedodontists.
Results: Intramuscular route showed a significantly deeper level of sedation in patients
when placed on dental chair (P=0.035) with less onset time (P<0.05). There were no
significant differences in sleep, movement, cry and, overall behavior scores or even
physiological parameters between the two treatment groups (P>0.05). Success rate
at the first 15 minutes was 80.7% in the oral and 87.1% in the intramuscular routes.
Despite an increase in blood pressure and heart rate, there were no cardiovascular
or central nervous system difficulties. Only 9 cases presented small degree of
desaturation due to laryngospasms (2 cases) and airway mal-alignments (7 cases).
Practitioner and parents’ satisfaction of the oral and intramuscular routes did not
differ significantly (P>0.05).
Conclusions: Despite variable efficacy in some cases, oral ketamine, midazolam and
atropine given orally provided sedation similar to that produced by the same drugs
given intramuscularly.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 173
183297
Primary Teeth Pulpotomy with C.E.M/LLLT, Two Years Result

G. ANSARI, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, S. ASGARI, Professor of
Endodontics, Tehran, Iran, B. ERFANIAN, Shahid Beheshti Medical University, Tehran, Iran, and M.
VAHID GOLPAYEGANI, Shahid Beheshti Medical University, Tehran, Iran
Objectives: There are increasing concerns over the use of Formocresol in pulpotomy
of primary teeth. Several alternatives have been introduced including C.E.M and
laser. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the clinical and radiographic
success of a novel material known as C.E.M associated with a low-level laser energy
in pulpotomy of primary teeth.
Methods: This randomized crossover clinical trial was conducted on a group of
20 children aged 2 to 7 years with 3 similar teeth needing pulpotomy. Cases were
randomly allocated into 3 groups for test and control. To enable same day treatment
for all teeth, cases were selected from those scheduled to receive full mouth
treatment under general anesthesia. Following conventional pulp amputation
and hemostasis, group I received C.E.M and group II received low-level laser and
C.E.M while group III received Formocresol and served as control. All teeth were
restored using stainless steel crown. Patients were reviewed in 6, 12, 18, and 24
months follow-ups. Clinical and radiographic examination of the treated teeth was
conducted to enable a comparison on the differences. Data were then calculated
statistically using basic statistics.
Results: 18 patients completed 6, 12, 18, and 24 months follow-ups. No clinical or
radiographic complications were observed in any of the cases or controlled teeth.
However, close radiographic assessment showed a possible initial signs of P.C.O
formation in only one case of the C.E.M group.
Conclusions: Findings of this investigation showed that C.E.M with LLLT could be
used safely in pulpotomy procedure of primary molars. Longer follow-up periods are
recommended to investigate their long-term effects.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 174
183307
Microleakage Analysis of Resilon Obturation Material in Laser Assisted RCT

M. MIR
1
, M. MAZANDARANI
2
, and N. GUTKNECHT
2
,
1
UCI, Tehran, Iran,
2
RWTH-Aachen University,
Aachen, Germany
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze the microleakage of Resilon/
Epiphany obturation material in different types of laser assisted root canal therapy
procedures.
Methods: 72 bovine incisor root canals were prepared. They were randomly divided
into 6 groups of 12. Canals in one group were just obturated with Resilon filling
material, without any EDTA rinsing or laser irradiation as control. In the second
group, canals were rinsed with EDTA only, 12 canals irradiated with Nd:YAG laser
(1.5 W, 15 Hz) only as the third group and other 12 canals received both mentioned
treatments as 4th group. 12 canals with no EDTA rinsing but Er,Cr:YSGG and Nd:YAG
lasers irradiation counted as the 5th group. The last twelve canals were treated
using all three procedures. Obturation with Resilon root filling material was done by
the same investigator. Also, roots were covered by polish except apical parts. After
dye penetration process during 5 days as stimulation of apical leakage condition in
incubator, histological measurements were done. The extent of leakage was scored
as following: penetration of dye measured less than 500 um, between 500 and
1000 um, and more than 1000 um (1 mm). Data analysis was made by Stat view
software and the extent of leakage in each group was investigated in both vertical
and horizontal cuts. Kruskal-Wallis test was used to determine the significance of
leakage differences between groups.
Results: Microleakage in all samples was less than 1 mm. The group with EDTA
and both lasers showed less leakage (P<0.5). No significant difference was resulted
between other treatment modalities.
Conclusions: Resilon showed very low leakage, especially when canals were rinsed
with EDTA and lased.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 175
183308
Effect of Triple Antibiotic and Chlorhexidine on Shear Bond of Composite

M. ZARE JAHROMI, Assistant Professor of Endodontic Dept.Faculty of Dentistry-Khorasgan Azad
University (Isfahan), ISFAHAN, Iran, P. MIRZAKOUCHEKI BOROUJENI, Khorasgan branch.Islamic Azad
University, Isfahan, Iran, and S. DANESHPOUR, Khorasgan dental School, Isfahan, Iran
Objectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of chlorhexidine
gel (2%) and three antibiotic pastes as intra-canal medication on shear bond strength
of composite resin to dentin.
Methods: In this in vitro study, 36 freshly extracted adult human premolars were
used. Then specimens were divided into three groups of 12 as follows: normal saline
(group 1), chlorhexidine gel 2% (group 2), and triple antibiotic paste (group 3). All
specimens were stored for 10 days at 37°C in incubator, and then dentin bonding
system was applied to the dentin surfaces. Shear bond strength was measured after
24 h incubation. Then data were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis Test.
Results: The mean shear bond strength in saline, chlorhexidine, and antibiotic
groups were 17.25, 25.75 and 13.93 respectively. There was no significant difference
between studied groups (P>0.05).
Conclusions: There were no noticeable changes in shear bond strength of experimental
groups. Also, chlorhexidine increased the mean shear bond strength slightly.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 176
183316
PLGA Microspheres Containing Minocycline as Drug Delivery System

R. KARIMI SOFLOU, Department Of biomedical engineering, Science And Research Branch, Islamic
Azad University, Tehran, Iran, H. NOJEHDEHYAN, Department of Dental Materials, School of
Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, M. TORSHABI, Department
of Dental materials, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
and F.S. TABATABAEI, Dental Material department; Dental School;Shahid Beheshti University of
Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Objectives: Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) has been one of the most
used polymers for drug delivery and tissue engineering applications. PLGA is
a biodegradable polymer with great potential for pharmaceutical applications
due to its favorable properties, such as good biocompatibility, biodegradability,
and mechanical strength. Also, it has been approved by the Food and Drug
Administration (FDA) for drug delivery system. Among different forms of PLGA-
based drug delivery systems, microspheres or microparticles are the most common.
Methods: The microspheres containing Minocycline were prepared by the w/o/w double
emulsion solvent evaporation method. Microsphere formulations were morphologically
characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Minocycline loaded PLGA
microspheres were subjected to an in vitro release test under static conditions.
Results: The SEM images showed that the size of microspheres containing
Minocycline was in the range of 10 microns. The in vitro release experiment showed
that the release time was over 26 days. The release profile of Minocycline from PLGA
microspheres showed a constant and controlled release. Furthermore, the curve
showed that there was a burst release on the eighth day.
Conclusions: In conclusion, the biodegradable PLGA microspheres containing
Minocycline were successfully prepared by double emulsion solvent evaporation
method. Various factors related to the preparation process influenced the drug
encapsulation efficiency and the cumulative drug release was subsequently
investigated. Ultimately, spherical PLGA microparticles with encapsulation efficiencies
higher than 90% and prolonged Minocycline release over 30 days were obtained.
This abstract is based on research that was funded entirely or partially by an outside source: This
work was supported financially by a grant (NO:310-3685) from dental school of Shahid Beheshti
university of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 177
183322
Preparation of Gelatin-Hydroxyapatite Microspheres as Cell Carrier

N. ALASVAND, Department of biomaterial,School of Biomedical Engineering, Azad University
Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran, and H. NOJEHDEHYAN, Department of Dental
Materials, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Objectives: Microspheres have many biological applications such as drug delivery,
cell carrier, etc. Bone extracellular matrix included two phases of mineral and
organic. Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is the main mineral component of bone. HAp directly
bonds with natural bone and is an osteoconductive and bioactive material. Gelatin is
a natural polymer that increases attachment and differentiation of cells. Since these
materials are components of bone extracellular matrix (ECM), they were used as
microcarrier for bone cell delivery in the current study.
Methods: In this study, for making gelatin and hydroxyapatite microspheres, the
method of emulsion (water in oil) was used. In this experiment, the aqueous solution
was dispersed by mechanical stirrer, homogenizer, and ultrasonic homogenizer.
Aqueous solution including polymer and ceramic was added dropwise into oil
and was stirred. After 30 min, the solution temperature was lowered to 10°C with
constant stirring. Then chilled acetone was added to stirring solution to solidify
microspheres. After that, glutaraldehyde was added to the solution as crass linking
agent. The microspheres were washed several times to remove residual oil. Their
characteristics were followed by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy
(SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).
Results: The results showed that the use of ultrasonic homogenizer fabricated
smaller and more uniform particles than the use of homogenizer, but the use of
mechanical stirrer did not produce any microspheres. The FTIR result showed that
several times washing microspheres removed residual oil and glutaraldehyde from
microspheres.
Conclusions: This study showed that dispersion of the aqueous phase by different
tools effects the size of particles. Since these particles are used as cell carrier, the
size and distribution of microspheres is important. The methods which make smaller
and more uniform microspheres are better than those for cell culture and cell carrier.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 178
183323
Dental Visit and Number of Missing Teeth among Tehrani Elderly

K. SARGERAN, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, and H. HESSARI, Department of
Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between number
of missing teeth and dental visit among Tehrani elderly people.
Methods: The study population covered 64+ year old adults (n=2480) participated in
a large population-based cross-sectional survey sponsored by Municipality of Tehran,
using the Urban Health Equity Assessment and Response Tool (Urban-HEART) in
2011. Original sampling method was stratified multistage cluster randomized design,
conducted within all the districts of Tehran. Self-reported number of remaining teeth
and the history of dental visit in the past year were asked and recorded by a trained
surveyor. Statistical analysis was done by t-test and ANOVA.
Results: Of all the participants, 63% were male with the mean age of 72.4 (SD 5.9;
range 65-90 years). The mean number of missing teeth was 12.6 (SD 11.5) with no
difference by gender. Older adults who had no dental visit in the past year (55% of
total) had more missing teeth (P<0.001).
Conclusions: Findings of the current research indicated that oral health programs
should be focused on the encouragement of older people to have regular dental
check-ups, at least once a year, to improve their oral health and maintain more teeth
during their lifetime.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 179
183325
Cephalometric Assessment of Jaws Growth in 9-11yrs Normal Subject

S. HAMIDIAVAL, department of radiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,
Iran, M. NOURI, Dentofacial Deformities Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical
Sciences, Tehran, Iran, and A. AKBARZADEH, Iran Center for Dental Research, Iranian Center for
Endodontic Research, Tehran, Iran
Objectives: This study was designed to evaluate the vertical and sagittal changes in
the jaws due to growth.
Methods: A sample group was chosen of 85 individuals with normal occlusion,
consisting of 42 females and 43 males between the age of 9 and 11. A series of
cephalometric parameters (related to Mcnamara analysis such as SNA.Facial axis
angle, mandibular plan angle) and lineal parameters (also related to Mcnamara
analysis such as mandibular length, midfacial length, ANS to Me, U1 to Apoint,
L1 to Apoint) were traced in computed programmed cephalometric analysis.
Superimpositions of the initial and final cephalometries in the Ba-N plane and in
the Nasion fixed point were carried out to measure growth. An analytic statistical
analysis was applied using Mann-Whitney U for independent samples in order to
evaluate the differences found according to sex. An analysis of variance followed by
Wilcoxon signed ranks was done to study the evolution of each variable throughout
the duration of the experiment.
Results: In parameters such as U1-Ap, mandibular length, midfacial length, sup/inf
airway the P-value was 0.001, and in Ans-Me, Max/Mand diff the P-value was 0.0001
which were statistically significant. In assessment, the influence of sex just in Na-Pog
the P-value was 0.34 which was significant in comparison with the girls.
Conclusions: In light of the results obtained, the following points were concluded: in
samples there are significant increase in 9 to 11 years old in most of the parameters
except for Na-Pog distance, SNA angle, and facial axis angle. In assessment of the
effect of the sex there is only a significant difference in Na–Pog between two groups
during growth, which was more significant in boys.
This abstract is based on research that was funded entirely or partially by an outside source:
Shahid Beheshti Dental Resaerch center

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 180
183391
Force Relaxation of Three Different Orthodontic Latex Elastic Products

A. JAFARI NAEIMI, Assistant Professor, Islamic Azad University, Dental Branch, Tehran, Iran
Objectives: The objective of the present study was to determine the force-extension
and force degradation characteristics of different commercially available orthodontic
latex elastics.
Methods: To determine the force-extension in dry state, elastics were stretched
by continuous extension from slack condition to 60 mm at 25°C. Resultant forces
versus length changes were recorded. To determine the force-degradation in wet
conditions, elastics were stretched to 20 mm and 40 mm and were stored in artificial
saliva at temperature of 37°C in a moisture oven. Force measurements were made at
3 intervals: 1, 24, and 72 hours with universal strength testing machine (Hounsfield,
UK). Multiple group comparisons were made by ANOVA and pair wise comparisons
by t-test.
Results: In dry test, overall, elastics did not perform according to specifications
marketed by different companies. In general, the loads at three times the internal
diameter were larger than the manufacturer’s specified loads. The result of the
present study, also, showed a force decay of a 12.38% and 20.5% during the first hour
and this decay increased to 20.1% and 28.5% at 24 hours, and to 28.0% and 34.4%
up to 72 hours, when extended to 20 and 40 mm respectively. Significant differences
between comparable sizes of elastics among all manufacturers were noted.
Conclusions: It is concluded that from mechanical perspectives, though the initial
elastic forces were higher than what has been prescribed, they reduce to a clinically
acceptable range within hours.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 181
183392
Self-Sealing Ability of High Copper Amalgams with Self-Etch Adhesives

S.M. MOAZZAMI, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, H. MOOSAVI, Dental
Materials Research Center, Department of Operative Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical
Science, Mashhad, Iran, M. MODDABER, Operative and Esthetic Dentistry Department, yazd,
Iran, M.H. MOAYED, Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Ferdowsi University,
Mashhad, Iran, R. PARVIZI, School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Deakin
University (DU), Geelong, Australia, N. MOKHBER, Department of Orthodontics, Academic Center
of Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Mashhad, Iran, R. KAZEMI, Associated Professor,
Farmington, CT, and M. MEHARRY, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA
Objectives: It takes time that microleakage of high copper amalgams being sealed
by corrosion products. Acidic self-etched adhesives make better conditions for
interfacial corrosion for amalgam restorations. The aim of this study was to evaluate
the effect of self-etched adhesives with different pH on interfacial corrosion potential
of high-copper amalgams and its self-sealing ability in the early hours using Electro-
Chemical Tests (ECTs).
Methods: 30 premolars were cut to make a slice with a cylindrical cavity of 4.7x4.5
mm with a 0.3 mm floor thickness. All surfaces were sealed with resins, except the
cavity floor and its opposite surface. There were five main groups based on Adhesive
Resin (AR)/liner used. The control group was left without any AR/liner (No). In other
testing groups, (AR)/liner that were used included: I-Bond (IB), Clearfil S3 (S3), Single
Bond (SB), and Varnish (V). Each group was divided into two subgroups based on the
type of the amalgams (ANA and Tytin) used. (ECTs) like Open Circuit Potential (OCP)
of each specimen and the linear Polarization Resistance (LPR) test were performed
in artificial saliva.
Results: Except Ana-No, the mean OCP values reached steady after 18 hours. OCP
values of the Tytin-No and Tytin-IB were the highest and lowest respectively. In LPR
tests, Rp values of Ana-V and Tyt-V were the highest (i.e. lowest corrosion rates).
Ana-IB and Tyt-IB samples represent the lowest Rp values (i.e. highest corrosion
rates).
Conclusions: I-Bond with the lowest pH showed the highest corrosion whilst the
Varnish with the highest pH value revealed the lowest corrosion. Clearfil S3 and
Varnish demonstrated lower corrosion rates compared to the control groups,
therefore, these agents are not proposed for reducing microleakage in amalgam
restoration.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 182
183393
Preventive Effect of Zinc Sulfate on Oral Mucositis

A. AZIZI, Department of Oral Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Dental Branch, Tehran, Iran
Objectives: Mucositis is one of the most common complications of chemotherapy
that may cause ulceration and pain in oral mucosa. Side effects of mucositis consist
of debilitating, difficulty of mastication, and pain. Conservative and preventive
treatments are used to decrease mucositis during chemotherapy. On the other hand,
zinc is an inorganic element, which has been proved to increase the healing rate
of wounds. Due to physiological effects of zinc, in this study the effects of zinc in
decreasing severity and pain of mucositis were evaluated.
Methods: This double-blind, case-control trial was carried out on 73 leukemic and
lymphoma patients who underwent chemotherapy. Patients in the case group were
administered one 220 zinc sulfate capsule daily until one week after the end of their
chemotherapy treatment. Two weeks after starting chemotherapy and three months
after its ending, severity and quantity of pain were checked and recorded in both
groups. Data were analyzed by ANOVA test.
Results: The mean and standard deviation of mucositis severity was 1.1±0.2 in the
case group and 2.7±0.3 in control group, and there was a significant difference
between case and control groups (P=0.00). The mean and standard deviation of VAS
in case group was 2±2.52 and 6.2±3.6 in control group two weeks after treatment.
There was a significant difference between case and control groups (P=0.00).
Three months after the end of chemotherapy, the mean and standard deviation
of mucositis severity was 0.5±0.03 in case group and 1.5±0.3 in control group and
there was a significant difference between case and control groups (P=0.00). The
mean and standard deviation of VAS in case group was 5.5±0.7 and 1.5±0.7 in control
group. There was a significant difference between case and control groups (P=0.00).
Conclusions: It can be concluded that zinc sulfate might decrease the intensity of
mucositis.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 183
183449
Oral Hygiene Behavior in Iran: National NCD Risk Factor Surveillance

M.H. KHOSHNEVISAN
1
, K. ETEMAD
2
, J. KOOHPAYEHZADEH
2
, A. RAFEI
2
, F. ASGARI
2
, and A. EBN
AHMADI
1
,
1
Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,
2
Tehran University of
Medical Sciences- Dental Faculty, Tehran, Iran
Objectives: Non-communicable diseases are increasingly recognized as a major cause
of morbidity and mortality at the global level. Oral health is an integral and critical
component of general health and oral diseases are among the non-communicable
diseases of public-health importance. The Government as well as the Ministry of
Health and Medical Education are greatly concerned about the rapidly increasing
burden of oral diseases in Iran.
Methods: A representative sample of 12,075 non-institutionalized Iranian
individuals aged 6-70 years was extracted though a Multi-Stage Cluster Random
Sampling scheme. Households’ addresses were obtained from the national zip code
databank. The kish randomization method was used to select participants within the
households. After receiving an informed consent, individuals were interviewed at
their homes by trained health workers from 51 Medical Science Universities across
the country. Brushing and flossing habits were inquired from participants using a
standard WHO questionnaire designed for NCD Risk Factors. Complex Sample Survey
Analysis was utilized to estimate prevalence and related 95%CI. Odds Ratio as a
measure of association was computed using weighted Binary Logistic Regression
Model.
Results: Generally, the results reflected that brushing and flossing status in Iran was
better in females compared to males (Brush; Male: 13.9%, Female: 26.5%), (Floss;
Male: 13.8%, Female: 19.8%). Moreover, urban dwellers care more about their oral
hygiene than people who lived in rural areas (Urb: 22.3%, Rur: 15.1%). Both the level
of education and socioeconomic status were positively associated with oral hygiene
conditions in Iran.
Conclusions: Given that brushing and flossing are the two most important oral
health promotion activities, it seems there is a lot of room for improvement in Iran.
Special attention must be paid to oral health education, oral hygiene instruction,
education level as well as any other mechanism that could especially target the low
SES individuals.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 184
183486
Study Experiences of Staff and Faculty Members of Oral Medicine

J. SARABADANI, A. PAKFETRAT, Z. DELAVARIAN, H. KARIMI MOUNAGHI, and M. MEIBODI SANI,
Mashhad Dental Faculty, Mashhad, Iran, Iran
Objectives: Assessment in the setting of clinical training is not well developed, but
methods based on observation of routine encounters like CBD and mini-CEX offer a
feasible and rich alternative. This study aimed to explore oral medicine faculty and
residents’ experiences on new workplace assessment methods.
Methods: In the first step of this qualitative study, a workshop was conducted for
residents and staff entitled “Workplace Assessment”. After that, during 6 months
in 2011, assessment tools such as mini-CEX and CBD were applied for assessing
the judgment and clinical reasoning. By these methods, it was possible to get an
opportunity for educational feedback. Interview was conducted and the data were
recorded, transcribed, and then categorized.
Results: Advantages and disadvantages of new methods based on observation
were as follows; Advantages: These new methods were valid and could qualify
the residents’ ability better than traditional methods, the new methods could be
weak points of residents in each diagnostic field of oral lesions, each resident could
present his/her clinical competencies in a quantitative manner at the end of the
course. Disadvantages: Considerable time consumption for residents and staffs, lack
of inter rater reliability.
Conclusions: Although time consuming, the new approach was useful for qualifying
the clinical competency of residents. It seems that both staff and residents must be
trained for achieving better results.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 185
183749
Computational Models for Temperature/Stress Prediction in Layered Dental
Porcelains

B. HOJJATIE
1
, C. PONCE
2
, T. MINH
2
, L. HALE
2
, and C. SHEN
3
,
1
Faculty member of Physics/Engineering,
Valdosta State University, Valdosta, GA,
2
Undergraduate student, Physics/Engineering, Valdosta State
University, Valdosta, GA,
3
Faculty member of Restorative Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
Objectives: In order to determine the magnitude of transient stresses developed in
dental ceramics during firing and cooling, one should first determine the temperature
distributions and the cooling profiles of the structures subjected to various cooling
conditions. The objectives of this study were to develop analytical and computational
models to predict temperature and stress distribution behavior of layered dental
porcelain disk samples during cooling.
Methods: A two dimensional conduction model was developed and solved
analytically. A computer program in MATLAB was developed, based on the analytical
solutions to predict the cooling profiles for each disk.
Results: For a body porcelain disk, 2 mm in thickness and 16 mm in diameter
subjected to free convective cooling from an initial temperature of 800°C, the
maximum value of principal tensile stress was 39 MPa. However, for a bi-layered
ceramic disk with a thermal mismatch level of 1.5 ppm/°C, the corresponding stress
value increased to 55 MPa.
Conclusions: Comparison of the results from the analytical model, with those from
the models based on finite element analysis, showed a good agreement, which
supported the validity of analytical solutions and computational models used in
this study. Thermal contract mismatch of porcelain layers had a significant impact
on the magnitude of transient thermal stresses developed with the samples during
cooling. The finite element analysis and 3-D printing/prototyping techniques are
being applied to develop simulated and physical models of the restorations to
analyze the strength behaviors of the porcelain samples and compare them with the
experimental data. This study was supported by a Quality Enhancement Program
(QEP) Grant from Valdosta State University.
This abstract is based on research that was funded entirely or partially by an
outside source: This study was supported by a Quality Enhancement Program (QEP)
Grant from Valdosta State University.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 186
184520
Is Toothbrushing Associated with Other Oral Health-Related Habits in Kuwait?

S. HONKALA, M.J.M. BEHBEHANI, and E. HONKALA, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
Objectives: This study aimed to find out if toothbrushing frequency is associated
with other oral health-related habits among 13-year-old schoolchildren in Kuwait.
Methods: Nationally representative sample of schoolchildren (n=1,292) at the age
of 13 years (SD±1.04) participated in this study by filling a structured questionnaire
anonymously in the school classrooms. The questionnaire of the WHO Collaborative
(HBSC) study was used after modifying it for the Kuwaiti situation. The Ethical
Committee of the Faculty of Dentistry, Kuwait University approved the study.
Variables for oral health-related habits included: eating or drinking sugar-containing
products, smoking tobacco, and visiting a dentist. Chi-square tests and logistic
regression model were used in the analyses.
Results: Smoking tobacco (ever tried) and drinking sugared tea were statistically
significantly associated with unfavorable toothbrushing: Children who had never tried
tobacco (P<0.001) and did not drink sugared tea on a daily basis (P=0.001) brushed
their teeth more frequently. More-than-once-a-day toothbrushing was significantly
more common among girls (P<0.001), among children who performed very well at
school (P<0.001), whose family was financially well-off (P<0.001), if father (P=0.038)
or mother (P=0.003) had university education, and who were Kuwaitis (P=0.017). In
the logistic model, the strongest predictors for twice-a-day toothbrushing were good
financial status of the family (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.438–3.266) and female gender (2.1;
1.617–2.793), following by very good school performance (1.8; 1.269–2.555) and
never tried smoking (1.6; 1.045–2.551).
Conclusions: Toothbrushing of schoolchildren was more associated with socio-
demographic and -economic factors than other oral health-related habits. When
controlling all the background variables, only smoking tobacco had a significant
association with toothbrushing frequency.
Acknowledgements: This study was supported by Kuwait University Research Grant
No. [DD1/02].

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 187
184523
Tooth Wear Studied via Single-Particle Interaction with an Enamel Surface

P. LUCAS, R. OMAR, A. HENRY, J. WATZKE, A. AL-MUSALLAM, K. FADHALAH, S. MICHAEL, L.
AROKYTHAI, and A. ATKINS, Department of Bioclinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Kuwait
University,, Kuwait, Kuwait
Objectives: The aims were to establish the pattern of microscopic marks made on
dental enamel by natural particles.
Methods: A longitudinal section of an orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) molar was
set in resin and polished. Quartz grit particles and silica phytoliths (extracted from
Ampelodesmos mauritanicus leaf tissue), <100 µm in size and of known mechanical
properties, were mounted on a flat-ended titanium probe. This probe was placed in
a nanoindenter (Hysitron Ubi1) to permit ‘scratching’ of the molar enamel surface.
Fixed vertical forces of between 0.6-1.8 mN were employed for 10-15 µm lateral
displacements, while lateral forces were monitored. The enamel surface was then
examined by AFM (Agilent 5500) in tapping mode.
Results: Four tests were made with each particle type. Contacts produced marks
of differing shapes. Those produced by phytoliths were U-shaped in cross-section,
while grit particles formed sharper, more V-shaped, marks associated with enamel
chipping. Lateral forces were 30-80% of vertical forces.
Conclusions: The shape of marks reflects the relative hardness of the materials.
Quartz is sufficiently hard enough to make rigid plastic contacts with enamel, the
contact reflecting the geometry of the quartz particle. In contrast, a phytolith and
enamel mutually deformed to produce a smooth impression on the enamel without
tissue loss. It can be concluded that phytoliths are not wear agents, but grit particles
are. Very low forces may be involved with variable frictional contributions.
Acknowledgements: This study was supported by General Facilities Project GE01/07
from Kuwait University.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 188
184525
The Effect of 5Weeks Xylitol Consumption on Oral Microflora

M. ELSALHY
1
, S. HONKALA
2
, E. HONKALA
2
, A. VARGHESE
2
, and E. SODERLING
3
,
1
Ministry of Health,
Kuwait, Kuwait,
2
Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait,
3
Institute of Dentistry, Turku, Finland
Objectives: Xylitol is a naturally occurring polyol shown to have anti-caries effects on
Str. mutans. However, its effects on other oral bacteria are less well-known. The aim
of this study was to evaluate the short-term effects (5 weeks) of xylitol chewing gum
consumption (three times a day) on some oral bacteria.
Methods: Altogether 122 children aged 12-13 years were screened with the Dentocult
SM® (Orion Diagnostica, Turku, Finland) test. Those children with high (>100000 CFU/
ml) MS counts in saliva or plaque were included in the intervention. The children
were randomly allocated to the xylitol and control groups (sorbitol chewing gum),
using classrooms as clusters. The following bacterial species were quantified from
stimulated saliva samples using Real Time PCR: Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus
sobrinus, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus paracasei, and Aggregatibacter
actinomycetemcomitans. Species-specific forward and reverse primers were used.
Changes in the salivary microbes before and after the intervention were evaluated.
Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the groups at the
beginning or at the end of the study. However, the saliva samples showed statistically
significant reductions in the counts of all 5 studied bacteria both in the xylitol and
the control groups, but none of them were statistically significant.
Conclusions: It seems that both groups were benefiting from the chewing gum
interventions. The study-associated improved oral hygiene in both groups might
explain the significant reduction in the determined bacteria.
Acknowledgements: This study was supported by the Kuwait University grants
DD02/10, GD01/11, SRUL02/13. This study was registered in clinical trials.gov with
ID: NCT0528969.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 189
185044
The Role of Dust, Grit and Phytoliths in Tooth Wear

A. VAN CASTEREN
1
, P. LUCAS
1
, K. FADHALAH
1
, A. AL-MUSALLAM
1
, S. MICHAEL
1
, A. HENRY
2
, J.
WATZKE
3
, D. REED
4
, T. DIEKWISCH
5
, D. STRAIT
6
, and A. ATKINS
7
,
1
Department of Bioclinical Sciences,
Faculty of Dentistry, Kuwait University,, Kuwait, Kuwait,
2
Plant Foods in Hominin Dietary Ecology
Group, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig,
Germany, Leipzig, Ghana,
3
Plant Foods in Hominin Dietary Ecology Group, Max Planck Institute
for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany, leipzig, Germany,
4
Department of oral biology, chicago, IL,
5
University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL,
6
Department
of Anthropolgy, Albany, Albania,
7
Department of Mechanical engineering, London, England
Objectives: Particles poising a wear threat to teeth must be both harder than enamel
and possess the correct angle of attack. Most natural ‘grit’ particles possess sufficient
hardness, while effective attack angles may be generated during mastication. Plants
produce particles of opaline silica called phytoliths that are embedded in their
tissues. These appear not to be hard enough to wear tooth enamel, but evidence
suggests they are a form of defense against herbivores. Here the hypothesis that
phytoliths mimic grit in the mouths of mammalian herbivores and therefore provide
plant protection by deception is investigated.
Methods: Phytoliths were obtained from two grasses Dactylis glomerata and
Ampelodesmos mauritanicus, with dust and grit extracted from the Kuwaiti
landscape. Particles were subjected to nanoindentation to obtain estimates of
hardness (H), elastic modulus (E), and toughness (KIC). Individual dust particles were
also subjected to compression tests and their failure strengths calculated.
Results: For grit (n=15): E=94.16±2.29 GPa, H=13.53±0.19 MPa and KIC=0.68±0.08
MPa.m½. For phytoliths: Dactylis glomerata (n=17) E=20.2±1.19 GPa, H=2.76±0.11
MPa and KIC=0.28±0.04 MPa.m½. Ampelodesmos mauritanicus (n=12) E=21.6±2.51
GPa; H = 3.03±0.10 MPa and KIC=0.22±0.05 MPa.m½. Grit particles (n=22) of differing
diameters failed at forces of 0.9–150 N, giving a range of failure strengths between
52.6–283.5 GPa.
Conclusions: Grit seems to be the most likely wear agent due to its high hardness.
Compression tests prove that they fracture at low forces, rendering fragments with
dangerous attack angles. Given that mammals seem capable of detecting particulate
fractures in the mouth, it is possible that the fracture of phytoliths during plant
consumption resembles that of the natural agents of wear. Therefore, it is suggested
that phytoliths could represent an example of mimicry, forming an example of a
feeding deterrent operating by deceit.
Acknowledgements: This study was supported by General Facilities Project GE01/07
from Kuwait University.

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 190
185059
Residual Active Chlorine in Sodium Hypochlorite Solutions after Tissue Dissolution

R. CLARKSON
1
, T.K. SMITH
2
, B.A. KIDD
1
, G.E. EVANS
1
, and A.J. MOULE
3
,
1
School of Dentistry,
University of Queensland, Australia, Queensland, Australia,
2
Research and Development,
Multitrator Pty Ltd, Brendale, Queensland, Australia, Queensland, Australia,
3
Faculty of Dentistry
Kuwait University, Kuwait; School of Dentistry University of Queensland Australia, Kuwait, Kuwait
Objectives: In previous studies, surfactant-containing brands of sodium hypochlorite
solutions (Hypochlor: Dentalife Pty Ltd, Victoria, Australia) showed better tissue
solubilizing abilities than a commonly used endodontic irrigating solution (Milton:
Milton Australia Pty Ltd, Queensland, Australia); differences were not explained
by original active chlorine content or presence of surfactant. It was postulated
that exhaustion of active chlorine content could explain these differences. This
project aimed to assess whether exhaustion of active chlorine content explained
difference in tissue dissolving abilities of some sodium hypochlorite solutions.
Parallel experiments assessed the influence of titration methods, and the presence
of chlorates, on active chlorine measurements.
Methods: Time required to dissolve one or groups of ten samples of porcine incisor
pulp samples in Milton was determined. Residual active chlorine was assessed by
thermometric titration. Iodometric and thermometric titration was carried out.
Chlorate content was also measured.
Results: Dissolution of single and ten pulp samples caused a mean loss of 1 and
3% respectively of active chlorine, not being proportional to tissue dissolved.
Thermometric ammonium ion titration resulted in 10% lower values than iodometric
titration. Chlorate accounted for much of this difference.
Conclusions: Depletion of active chlorine is not the reason for differences in tissue
dissolving capabilities of sodium hypochlorite solutions. Thermometric ammonium
ion titration gives more accurate measurement of active chlorine content than
iodometric titration.
This abstract is based on research that was funded entirely or partially by an outside
source: Australian Dental Research Fund project number 35/2008

9
th
Iranian & 13
th
Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 191
WHO Collaborating Center for
Training and Research in
Dental Public Health, Tehran, I.R. Iran
International Association
for Dental Research
Iranian Division of IADR
IADR
Congress Contributors
Iranian Division of IADR would like to thank its corporate collaborates and sponsors
that enabled the division to organize the 9th Iranian and 13th Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR.

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Iranian & 13
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<??]?]?]?]}v?}(/Z:}]v?}vP???U??r??????r????}}l

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Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 194
Dorsunteb Pars
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یرافص رغصا سدنهم :لماع ریدم
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Board of Directors
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Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 195
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نایناریا کت شیور
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٢٢٠١٦٨١٣ ربامن ٢٢٠١٩٤٠٨ -١٠ نفلت ٢٢ كلاپ رهشلگ راولب اقیرفآ نابایخ :سردآ
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Kuwaiti Divisions of IADR Joint Congress, 11-13 Dec 2013 - Abstract Book 197
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