Academic_Writing__Chapter four .pdf - 2023.04.19 - 08.07.37am.pdf

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1. CHAPTER
FOUR
By: Asst. Lec. Azharhamzah

2. DESCRIPTIVE PARAGRAPHS
Descriptiveparagraphisacollectionofmultiplesentencesto
conveyadistinctmessageofasingleperson,placeorthing.Itbegins
withadescriptivesentencethatclearlystatesthetopicthatwillbe
rolledoutinthefollowingsentences.
Descriptivewritingappealstothesenses,soittellshowsomething
looks,feels,smells,tastes,and/orsounds.Agooddescriptionisa
wordpicture;thereadercanimaginetheobject,place,orpersonin
hisorhermind.

3. DESCRIPTIVE PARAGRAPHS
SpatialOrder
•Inadescription,writersoftenusespatialordertoorganizetheir
ideas.Spatialorderisthearrangementofitemsinorderbyspace.
Forexample,whendescribingyourfavoriteroomathome,you
couldfirstdescribethingsontheleftsideofthedoorwayandthen
moveclockwisearoundtotherightside.Youcouldalsostarton
therightandmovecounterclockwisearoundtotheleft.

4. DESCRIPTIVE PARAGRAPHS
SpatialOrderSignals
Therearewordsandphrasestoshowtimeorder,therearewords
andphrasestoshowspatialorganization.Theyareoften
prepositionalphrasesoflocationorposition.Noticethekindsof
expressionsusedtoshowtimeorder.

5. DESCRIPTIVE PARAGRAPHS
TopicSentencesforDescriptiveParagraphs
Thetopicsentenceofadescriptiveparagraphshouldnamethetopic.The
controllingideashouldgivetheoverallimpressionoftheplaceyouare
describing.
Mybedroomathomeismyrefugefromtheoutsideworld.
Thecampusofourschoolislikeasmallcity.
Thecafeteriaatlunchtimeistheschool'ssocialcenter

6. DESCRIPTIVE PARAGRAPHS
Supporting-SentencesforDescriptiveParagraphs
Inadescriptiveparagraph,themoredetailsyouinclude,themoreclearlyyour
readerwillimaginewhatyouaredescribing.Yourdetailsshouldappealtothe
fivesenses.Theyshouldtellyourreaderhowsomethinglooks,smells,sounds,
feels,andtastes
Itisnotonlyprovidethedetailsthatprovethetruthofyourtopicsentence,
butitalsomakeyourwritingrichandinteresting.

7. DESCRIPTIVE PARAGRAPHS
ParagraphUnity
Paragraphunityisthemostimportantcharacteristicofagoodparagraph.It
definesthatallsentencesinaparagraphshouldspeakaboutonesingleideaor
onemainsubject.Thatis,thetopicsentence,thesupportingdetails,andthe
concludingsentenceshouldfocusononlyoneidea.
Animportantelementofagoodparagraphisunity.Whenaparagraphhas
unity,allthesupportingsentencesdiscussonlyoneidea.Frombeginningto
end,eachsentenceisdirectlyrelatedtothetopic.

8. DESCRIPTIVE PARAGRAPHS
CompoundSentenceswithYet,For,andNor

9. DESCRIPTIVE PARAGRAPHS
TheWritingProcess
Clustering:Itisatypeofpre-writingthatallowsawritertoexplore
manyideasassoonastheyoccurtothem.Likebrainstormingorfree
associating,clusteringallowsawritertobeginwithoutclearideas.
Asyouthinkofrelatedideas,youwritetheseideasinsmallercircles
aroundthefirstcircle.Therelatedideaineachsmallcirclemayproduce
evenmoreideasandthereforemorecirclesaroundit.Whenyouhave
runoutofideas,yourpapermightlooksomethinglikethefollowing
model

10. DESCRIPTIVE PARAGRAPHS
Review
Thesearetheimportantpointscoveredinthischapter:
1.Adescriptionisawordpicture.Ittellsthereaderhowsomethinglooks,feels,
smells,tastes,andsounds.
Use spatial order to organize a description. Spatial order is the
arrangement of items in order by space: back to front, left to right, top to
bottom, far to near, and so on.
Use spatial order expressions to show the order. Examples of spatial
order expressions are on the dashboard of my car, in front of the sofa, and
in the distance.

11. DESCRIPTIVE PARAGRAPHS
2.Unityisanimportantelementofagoodparagraph.Unitymeans
thataparagraphdiscussesone,andonlyone,mainidea
3.Supportingdetailsarethe"meat"ofaparagraph.Theyprovethe
truthofyourtopicsentence,andtheymakeyourwritingrichand
interesting.
4.For,yet,andnorarethreeadditionalcoordinatingconjunctions
thatyoucanusetomakecompoundsentences.
5.Clusteringisanotherprewritingtechniqueyoucanusetogetideas