ACANO NAK TULIS REPORT DALAM BAHASA INGGERIS

SSASASASASA

1. THE REPORTED
SPEECH

2. We use the Reported Speech:
Toreportwhatanotherpersonhassaid,
butnotusingthespeaker’sexactwords.
Thestructureisalittledifferentdepending
onwhetherwewanttotransforma
statement,questionorrequest.

3. CAREFUL!
Quotation marks are not used in reported speech.
Verb tenses, pronouns and some “time” and “place” words
may change because the time, place and speaker may be
different.
ThereportingverbmaybeinthePresentorinthePast:ifit
isinthepresenttense,therearenotensechanges;butifit
isinthepasttense,therearetense,personandplace
changes.

4. Peter said: “I haven't donemy homework”
Peter saidhe hadn't donehis homework.
Peter says: “I haven't donemy homework”
Peter sayshe hasn't donehis homework.
Verb tense changes
No tense change

5. Verb tense changes:
Direct Speech Reported speech
Present simple
Paula said: “I wantto be a teacher.”
Past simple
Paula said (that) she wantedto be a teacher.
Present continuous (am / is / are + -ing)
“I am goingto the cinema,” Paula said
Past continuous (was /were + -ing)
Paula said (that) she was goingto the cinema.
Past simple
Paula: “I workedin Algete last year”
Past Perfect ( had + Past participle)
Paula said (that) she had workedin Algete the previous
year
Present Perfect (have/ has + past participle)
Paula: “I have studied french.”
Past Perfect ( had + Past participle)
Paula said (that) she had studied french.
Future (will)
Paula said: “I will go to Australia some day.”
Conditional (would)
Paula said (that) she would go Australia one day.
Modal verbs: can; may; must
The boss said: “You cando this job, Sarah.”
Peter said: “Susan maygo to university,”
Peter said: “I mustfind a job.”
Modal verbs: could; might; had to
The boss said (that) Sarah coulddo that job.
Peter said (that) Susan mightgo to university.
Peter said (that) he had tofind a job.

6. TIME AND PLACE CHANGES
Direct Speech Reported Speech
(a month) ago (a month) before
Today
Tonight
That day
That night
These (days) Those (days)
Yesterday The day before
Now Then
Last (month)
The previous month
The month before
Next (month) The following (month)
Tomorrow The next/following day
Here There

7. POSSESSIVES CHANGES
Direct Speech Reported Speech
Personal Pronouns
I / you (subject) she / he
we / you (subject) they
me / you (object) him / her
us / you (object) them
Possessive Pronouns / Determiners
my / your his / her
mine / yours his / hers
our / your their
ours / yours theirs
Demonstrative Pronouns / Determiners
this that
these those

8. STATEMENTS
SAY VS. TELL
Garfield said that Pooky was his best friend.
Garfield told Pooky that he was his best friend.
With 'tell' we NEED the object (e.g. 'me', 'you', 'her').
With 'say' we CAN'T use the object (e.g. 'me', 'them', 'us').

9. John said that hehad accidentallyglued a piece of paper to his
face.

10. John said that some pets wereactually entertaining.
John told Garfield that some pets wereactually entertaining.

11. John said that sometimes hefelt like everybody hated him.

12. He said that hehad forgottento make a back-up copy of his
brain so everything hehad learnedthe previoussemester was
lost.

13. The teacher said that Algebra class wouldbe important for
me/himlater in life because there was goingto be a text six
weeks from then.

14. PRACTICE
She said, "I went to the cinema yesterday."
She said that she had gone to the cinema the previous day
Tom said: “I'm writting a letter”
Tom said that he was writing a letter.
Marta said: “I'm very tired”
Marta said that she was very tired

15. Karen said: “I'm having a bath”
Karen said that she was having a bath
Tom said: “I bought a car yesterday”
Tom said that he had bought a car the previous day
Peter said: “I have already read this book”
Peter said that she had already read that book
He said: “I see the children every Friday”
He said that he saw the children every Friday.

16. Laura said: “My cousins have visited Paris”
Laura said that her cousins had visited Paris
The journalist said: “I am preparing my speech”
The journalist said that he was preparing his speech.
Harry said: “The train will live in 15 minutes”
Harry said that the train would live in 15 minutes
John said: “I forgot my suitcase at home last week”
John said that he had forgotten his suitcase at home the previous week.

17. QUESTIONS
1.Yes/No Questions
If + Subject + Verb
•“Is it raining?” The old lady asked ifit was raining.
•“Do you have any stamps?” I askedthem ifthey had
any stamps.
•“Can I borrow your pen?” He asked her ifhe could
borrow her pen.

18. 2. Wh-Questions
Wh-word + Subject + Verb
“Whereareyougoing?”
Heaskedherwhereshewasgoing.
“Whendoyougetupinthemorning?”
Iaskedhimwhenhegotupinthemorning.

19. REQUESTS
WhenweputanIMPERATIVEsentenceinto
IndirectSpeech,weusuallyuseaverbliketell,
followedbyaTO-INFINITIVECLAUSE.
“Give me the money.”He told /orderedme to give him the
money.
“Come in, please.”The manager askedme to come in.

20. Exercises:
A –Rewrite the sentences in reported speech:
“I watch a film on Saturdays.” Caroline said…
“He is my best friend.” Fred told me…
“The scarf is in my bag.” Janice said…
“This film wasn't very interesting” Tom told me…
“This isn't my school.” Jerry said…
'”We will walk for half an hour.” Yesterday Jennifer told me…
“These T-shirts don't fit me.” Mike said…
“We are parking our car here” They said…
“It is my boyfriend's birthday party tomorrow.” Helen told me…
”I think there will be a students' meeting very soon.” He said…

21. B –Put into Reported Speech:
“She’s the most beautiful girl I have ever seen.” Peter said…
“He didn’t come in for tea.” She said…
“We’ll have to wait until she comes.” They said…
“I went to the theatre with my parents yesterday night.” She said…
“I know we don’t have enough money.” He said…
“They tried to make him leave the office.” She said…
“The farmer doesn’t know why the weather is going to change.”
They said…
“Carol wasn’t invited to the party.” They said…
“They divided the cake into three pieces.” She said…
“There was a terrible accident near my school two weeks ago.” She
said…
“The robbery wasn’t discovered until the evening.” They said…