Access to HE - Tissue types and Classification

A discussion of tissue types and their classification for Access to HE Land based studies

1. Access to Landbased Cells and Tissues The structure and function of tissues

2. Complete the following DNA sequence… 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

3. By the end of this session, you should be able to: Understand the organisation within organisms Recall the four main classifications of tissue types Classify each tissue type into sub-groups Identify examples of tissues within each group Describe the structure and function of a range of tissue types

4. Biological organisation

5. Four types of tissue

6. 1. Epithelial Tissue

7. Epithelial tissue - examples Lining of the body cavity Dry Skin Moist linings Vagina, anal canal, nose, mouth Lining of the digestive system Lining of blood vessels

8. Functions of epithelial tissue

9. Classification of epithelial tissue

10. Squamous epithelial

11. Stratified squamous

12. Simple cubiodal

13. Simple columnar

14. Pseudostratified ciliated columnar

15. Transitional (contracted)

16. 2. Connective Tissue

17. Connective tissue - examples ligaments bone tendons cartilage blood

18. Connective Tissue Functions: Support Packages and cushions organs Transports materials. Structure: Matrix = ground substance with fibers (elastin, collagen, reticular) and cells.

19. Classification of connective tissue

20. 3. Nervous Tissue

21. Nervous tissue Brain neurones Peripheral Nervous System Spinal Cord neuroglia

22. Neurones Nervous tissue is composed of nerve cells, or neurones There are 3 types: Motor neurones Sensory neurones Interneurones (relay neurones)

23. A neurone has a cell body with extensions leading off it. Dendron's and dendrites provide a large surface area for connecting with other neurones, and carry nerve impulses towards the cell body. Axon carries the nerve impulse away from the cell body. Schwann cells (a type of neuroglia) , which wrap their cell membrane around the axon many times in a spiral to form a thick insulating and conductive lipid layer called the myelin sheath . Nerve impulse can be passed from the axon of one neurone to the Dendron of another at a synapse . Structure of Neurones

24. Sensory Neurone: Relays messages from receptors to the brain or spinal cord

25. Motor Neurone: Relays messages from the brain or spinal cord to the muscles and organs

26. Interneuron (relay neurone): Relays message between sensory neurone and motor neurone

27. Structure and function of Neurones   Sensory neuron Interneuron Motor Neuron Length of Fibers Long dendrites and short axon Short dendrites and short or long axon Short dendrites and long axons Location Cell body and dendrite are outside of the spinal cord Entirely within the spinal cord or CNS Dendrites and the cell body are located in the spinal cord; the axon is outside of the spinal cord Function Conduct impulse to the spinal cord Interconnect the sensory neuron with appropriate motor neuron Conduct impulse to an effector (muscle or gland)

28. 4. Muscle Tissue

29. Muscular tissue Muscle tissue is composed of cells that have the special ability to shorten or contract in order to produce movement of the body parts. ​ The tissue is highly cellular and is well supplied with blood vessels. The cells are long and slender so they are sometimes called muscle fibres, and these are usually arranged in bundles or layers that are surrounded by connective tissue. ​

30. Skeletal Muscle Skeletal muscle fibres are cylindrical, multinucleated, striated, and under voluntary control. Smooth Muscle Smooth muscle cells are spindle shaped, have a single, centrally located nucleus, and lack striations. They are called involuntary muscles. Muscle tissue - structure Cardiac muscle Cardiac muscle has branching fibres, one nucleus per cell, striations, and intercalated disks. Its contraction is not under voluntary control.

31. Skeletal Muscle Skeletal muscle tissue is used for motion (movement) position and production of heat Smooth Muscle Smooth muscle tissue provides movement through hollow organs e.g the gastro intestinal tract Muscle tissue - function Cardiac muscle Cardiac muscle tissue has the ability to contract to allow the heart to function as a double pump

32. By the end of this session, you should be able to: Understand the organisation within organisms Recall the four main classifications of tissue types Classify each tissue type into sub-groups Identify examples of tissues within each group Describe the structure and function of a range of tissue types