Accident prevention in children

Prevention of accidents in children according to age groups

1. PREVENTION OF ACCIDENTS IN CHILDREN Ms. Devangi Sharma N F.Y M.Sc (N)

2. CHILDREN ARE VULNERABLE TO INJURY Natural curiosity Investigative, Impulsive, Impatient Less careful,hyperactive Drive to test on new master skills Attempted activities before developmental readiness Self-assertion and challenges to rules Desire for peer approval

3. DEFINATION WHO defined … An accident is an event, independent of human will caused by outside force acting rapidly and resulting in physical or mental injury.

4. Contd … Accident is defined an unexpected , unplanned occurrence which may involve injury. Unpremeditated event resulting in recognizable damage. Occurrence in sequence of events which usually produces uninteded injury, death or property damage.

5. INJURY It is an intentional/unintentional damage to body due to exposure to an external agent which can be thermal, mechanical, electrical, or chemical energy or agent.

6. CHILDREN ARE AT GREATER RISK Children live in a world built for adults: strong association between injuries his age, developmental stage his interactions and activities with/in the world lack of supervision, access to protective materials Simply reproducing injury strategies for adults may not be effective for children W orld becomes dangerous for them: cleaning chemicals, outlets, ovens, sharp corners, kerosene lamps, bodies of water, traffic, etc.

7. CHILDHOOD ACCIDENTS Leading cause of death and disability in children and young adults More than 5 million deaths per year worldwide Lack of global attention to childhood injuries Leading cause of death in children over 1 year

8. INCIDENCE

9. TYPES OF ACCIDENTS

10. COMMON ACCIDENTAL INJURY AND ITS PREVENTION IN DIFFERENT AGE GROUP

11. INFANTS Cuts Falls Burns Suffocation Ingestion

12. PREVENTION Never Keep Alone Small Tiny Toys Electrical Appliances Avoid Solid Food Items Keep Away Stove, fire etc.

13. Contd … Never leave an infant alone on cot/table/ any unprotected place to prevent fall. Never give very small things to child. Toys should not have removable small parts which can be aspirated or put into ear or nose. Never feed solids which are difficult to swallow /chew .

14. Contd … Coins . buttons . beads,marbles must not be left within child’s reach. Keep the stove or fire source and hot things far away from child. Electrical appliances should be kept out of reach. Never leave the infant near water tub or pond and never go out alone.

15. TODDLERS Aspiration Thermal Falling Electrocution Drowning

16. prevention PREVENTION Avoid Negative Words Supervise Constantly Harmful Agents Clothing Floor

17. Contd … Give proper directions for certain activity. Keep constant supervision. Keep harmful substances like hot things , drugs, poisons,kerosene oils . electrical appliances,sharp objects etc. out of child’s reach. Give adequate instructions to the care taker to look after the child and follow proper precautions . provide safe playmaterials . Floor should not be slippery.

18. Furniture should be placed firmly to prevent falls. Child should not be allowed to play with cord, plastic bags or pillow to avoid suffocation. Electric switch shoul be out of child’s reach. Contd …

19. ADOLOSCENT Sport Injury Instrument Injury Road Traffic Accident Electric current

20. PREVENTION Constant Supervision Guidance Training Safe Environment Education

21. Contd … Teach for safety precautions with fire,electricity,sharp materials etc. Teach the child for swimming. Encourage the playing in safe places to and keep a keen supervision. Discourage the children flying kite from open roofs and terrace. Teach the child for the road safety and zebra crossing and traffic rules. Never leave the child alone in a car with the ‘keys’.

22. NURSES ROLE Time Fore Thought Discipline

23. Forethought –The anticipation of possible risk of accidents to the child. Time - Sufficient time should be given on the child to keep a keen supervision . Discipline - Should be maintained at home to prevent accidental hazards.

24. Three main things should be followed are: : Health Education Provision of safe enviorment Safe child care and prevent the accidental hazards Assist in medical care to prevent the disability Take public health measures to prevent road traffic accidents: teach traffic rules,implement policies etc . Participate in policy making nd research activities in accident prevention. NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES

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26. THANK YOU