acetone fermentation

fermentation technology

1. Acetone Fermentation Atta Ur Rahman Semester 6th

2. Introduction Acetone is a colorless, volatile, flammable organic solvent. IUPAC name______ Propan-2-one Molecular Formula____C3H6O or CH3-CO-CH3 Boiling point________ 56°C Melting point_________ 94.8 °C

3. Uses Food additives -> Flavoring Agents Adhesives and sealant chemicals Derivatives ( Isophorone ) Ion exchange agents Laboratory chemicals Solvents (for cleaning or degreasing) Solvents (which become part of product formulation or mixture) Viscosity adjustors Nail polish Remover M anufacture of artificial fibres

4. History The first to report about microbial butanol production was Pasteur in 1862. At this time Chaim Weizmann isolated a new bacterial culture, readily fermenting starchy material into acetone and butanol . Clostridium acetobutylicum was the main species in this culture.

5. Organisms, Substrates and Products C. acetobutylicum has high amylase activity, and thus was once widely adopted in industrial ABE (acetone- butanol -ethanol) fermentation using starchy materials, such as corn and cassava. C. beijerinckii can also ferment like C. acetobutylicum C. ljungdahlii have the ability to use C1 gases (CO or CO2) through the Wood- Ljungdahl pathway, yielding a variety of 2- to 8-carbon chemicals P1 and P2 media is used

6. Synthetic P2 medium had the following composition (in g/L) yeast extract 1 K KH 2 Po 4 0.5 K 2 HPO 4 0.5 para aminobenzoic acid 0.001 thiamin 0.001 biotin 1 × 10 −5 MgSo 4 7H 2 O 0.2 MnSo 4 7H 2 O 0.0l Fe 2 So 4 7H 2 O, 0.01 NaCl 0.01 ammonium acetate 2.2

7. Pathways The typical fermentation process of solventogenic clostridia can be into two stages, i.e., acidogenesis and solventogenesis In the acidogenic stage, a variety of organic acids are produced, together with ATP formation which is essential for cell growth as the energy supply; in the solventogenic stage, acids are re-assimilated and converted into other products, mainly alcohols All the three clostridia mentioned above exhibit a biphasic behavior.

8. Wood- Ljungdahl pathway In this pathway carbon dioxide is reduced to carbon monoxide and formic acid or directly into a formyl group, the formyl group is reduced to a methyl group and then combined with the carbon monoxide and Coenzyme A to produce acetyl-CoA.

9. Down stream processing Fractional distallation Video