Acid Base Balance Presentation by miss madhavi sen

Acid base balance

1. Acid-Base Balance (Simplified) Understanding the basics for nursing students

2. Introduction to Acid-Base Balance • Acid-base balance refers to the mechanism the body uses to keep its fluids close to neutral pH (7.35 - 7.45). • Balance is essential for normal cellular functions. • A deviation from this range affects enzyme activity and metabolic processes.

3. pH Scale and its Significance • pH is a measure of how acidic or basic a substance is. • pH scale ranges from 0 to 14. • Acidic: pH < 7 | Neutral: pH = 7 | Basic: pH > 7. • The body maintains a normal pH between 7.35 and 7.45.

4. Buffer Systems in the Body • Buffer systems help maintain the pH within the normal range. • Major buffer systems: - Bicarbonate buffer (HCO3-). - Phosphate buffer. - Protein buffer systems.

5. Role of Lungs and Kidneys in Acid-Base Balance • Lungs: Regulate CO2 levels through respiration. • Kidneys: Regulate H+ ions and bicarbonate (HCO3-) levels. • Together, they maintain the body's acid-base balance.

6. Types of Imbalances • Acidosis: pH < 7.35 (too much acid). • Alkalosis: pH > 7.45 (too much base). • Both conditions can be metabolic or respiratory in origin.

7. Causes and Symptoms of Imbalances • Acidosis: - Causes: Increased CO2, kidney failure, diabetic ketoacidosis. - Symptoms: Confusion, lethargy, shortness of breath. • Alkalosis: - Causes: Loss of acids (vomiting), hyperventilation. - Symptoms: Muscle twitching, irritability, dizziness.

8. Correcting Acid-Base Imbalances • Acidosis: - Treat underlying cause (e.g., insulin for diabetic ketoacidosis). - Administer bicarbonate in severe cases. • Alkalosis: - Treat cause (e.g., breathing into a paper bag for hyperventilation). - Administer chloride to balance electrolytes.