Acid Base Balance QA Acid Base Disorders .pptx

Acid base imbalances and respective disorders

1. Acid-Base Balance 2 Marks & 5 Marks Questions with Answers

2. 2 Marks Questions & Answers 1) Acid: Donates H⁺ ions; Base: Accepts H⁺ or releases OH⁻ 2) pH = -log[H⁺] 3) Blood pH (7.35–7.45) is vital for enzymes, metabolism, O₂ transport, nerves 4) Buffer action: Resists pH change with small acid/base addition 5) Hemoglobin buffer: Binds H⁺ in RBCs, HCO₃⁻ exchanged with chloride

3. Defence Mechanisms of Acid-Base Balance 1) Buffers – bicarbonate, hemoglobin, proteins, phosphate 2) Respiratory – regulates CO₂ within minutes 3) Renal – excretes H⁺, reabsorbs HCO₃⁻ (hours–days)

4. Respiratory Disorders Respiratory Acidosis: Hypoventilation → CO₂ retention → ↓pH, ↑pCO₂; compensation = kidneys ↑HCO₃⁻ Respiratory Alkalosis: Hyperventilation → CO₂ loss → ↑pH, ↓pCO₂; compensation = kidneys excrete HCO₃⁻

5. Metabolic Disorders Metabolic Acidosis: Excess acid/loss of HCO₃⁻; causes = diarrhea, renal failure, DKA; compensation = hyperventilation Metabolic Alkalosis: Excess base/loss of acid; causes = vomiting, diuretics; compensation = hypoventilation